Hanyu Xu 1,Xuedan Song 1,*,Qing Zhang 1,Chang Yu 1,Jieshan Qiu 1,2,*1 Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,School of Chemical Engineering,Dalian Univers...Hanyu Xu 1,Xuedan Song 1,*,Qing Zhang 1,Chang Yu 1,Jieshan Qiu 1,2,*1 Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,School of Chemical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,Liaoning Province,China.展开更多
近日,德国C1绿色化工技术公司(C1 Green Chemicals)表示获得2000万欧元资助,旨在新建全球首套均相催化绿色甲醇示范装置。该示范装置位于德国洛伊纳(Leuna)化工园区,预计2025年开工,将利用CO_(2)和绿氢转化为合成气,以及采用集装箱化设...近日,德国C1绿色化工技术公司(C1 Green Chemicals)表示获得2000万欧元资助,旨在新建全球首套均相催化绿色甲醇示范装置。该示范装置位于德国洛伊纳(Leuna)化工园区,预计2025年开工,将利用CO_(2)和绿氢转化为合成气,以及采用集装箱化设计与分散式反应器生产绿色甲醇,主要包括合成气生产、绿色甲醇生产与粗甲醇提纯三部分。展开更多
The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and rev...The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.展开更多
The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and rev...The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.It reports the latest and the most creative results of important fundamental research in all aspects of chemistry and of developments with significant consequences across sub-disciplines.This journal is sponsored by Jilin University and mandated by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China.展开更多
The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and rev...The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.It reports the latest and the most creative results of important fundamental research in all aspects of chemistry and of developments with significant consequences across sub-disciplines.This journal is sponsored by Jilin University and mandated by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China.展开更多
To investigate the overall performance of reverse energy bypass scramjet,firstly a variable spe⁃cific heat method combined with a chemical balance calculation module for combustion products were used to es⁃tablish a b...To investigate the overall performance of reverse energy bypass scramjet,firstly a variable spe⁃cific heat method combined with a chemical balance calculation module for combustion products were used to es⁃tablish a benchmark scramjet performance evaluation model.Based on the test data of typical flying point of Mach 7 with the altitude of 29 km,the reliability of the model was verified.The deviations of parameters such as the to⁃tal pressure loss of combustor between the model and the test data were analyzed.Furtherly,an analytical method for post-combustion magnetohydrodynamic power generation was established;by embedding the above method into the overall performance evaluation model,performance prediction considering the power generation effect was realized.Finally,based on the above model,variety regulations of the inlet and the outlet parameters of the power generation channel and performance parameters including the engine specific impulse and the unit thrust under different enthalpy extraction ratios and load factors were analyzed.It could be concluded that the model can reliably predict the variations of key parameters.As the value of the load factor increases,the value of the conduc⁃tivity required to reach the specified enthalpy extraction ratio first decreases and then increases,which is approxi⁃mately parabolic.In order to reduce the demand for the gas conductivity for MHD power generation,the load fac⁃tor should be around 0.5.When the load factor is 0.4 and the magnetic induction intensity is 2.5 T,if the enthalpy extraction ratio reaches 0.5%,the engine specific impulse performance reduces about 3.58%.展开更多
Cu suffers from oxidation and corrosion during application due to its active chemical properties.Graphene⁃modified Cu can significantly improve its stability during application.However,copper is easily sintered at hig...Cu suffers from oxidation and corrosion during application due to its active chemical properties.Graphene⁃modified Cu can significantly improve its stability during application.However,copper is easily sintered at high temperatures,so that graphene cannot be grown inside.We demonstrate two kinds of spacers,graphite and SiO_(2),which are effective in preventing the sintering of copper and are used to assist in the growth of graphene.In the Cu⁃C system,the nucleation of graphene is scarce,and it tends to nucleate and grow on the concave surface of copper first,and then grow epitaxially to the convex surface of copper.Eventually,the obtained graphene is relatively thick.In the Cu⁃SiO_(2) system,due to the oxygen released by SiO_(2) at high temperatures,the surface of copper becomes rough.This leads to an increase in the number of graphene nucleation sites without preferred orientation,and relatively thin graphene is obtained.Two different growth mechanisms have been established for spacerseffects on graphene growth.It provides insights for graphene engineering for further applications.展开更多
Developmental and reproductive toxicity(DART)endpoint entails a toxicological assessment of all developmental stages and reproductive cycles of an organism.In silico tools to predict DART will provide a method to asse...Developmental and reproductive toxicity(DART)endpoint entails a toxicological assessment of all developmental stages and reproductive cycles of an organism.In silico tools to predict DART will provide a method to assess this complex toxicity endpoint and will be valuable for screening emerging pollutants as well as for m anaging new chemicals in China.Currently,there are few published DART prediction models in China,but many related research and development projects are in progress.In 2013,WU et al.published an expert rule-based DART decision tree(DT).This DT relies on known chemical structures linked to DART to forecast DART potential of a given chemical.Within this procedure,an accurate DART data interpretation is the foundation of building and expanding the DT.This paper excerpted case studies demonstrating DART data curation and interpretation of four chemicals(including 8-hydroxyquinoline,3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol,thiacloprid,and imidacloprid)to expand the existing DART DT.Chemicals were first selected from the database of Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment(MEESCC)in China.The structures of these 4 chemicals were analyzed and preliminarily grouped by chemists based on core structural features,functional groups,receptor binding property,metabolism,and possible mode of actions.Then,the DART conclusion was derived by collecting chemical information,searching,integrating,and interpreting DART data by the toxicologists.Finally,these chemicals were classified into either an existing category or a new category via integrating their chemical features,DART conclusions,and biological properties.The results showed that 8-hydroxyquinoline impacted estrous cyclicity,s exual organ weights,and embryonal development,and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol caused central nervous system(CNS)malformations,which were added to an existing subcategory 8e(aromatic compounds with multi-halogen and nitro groups)of the DT.Thiacloprid caused dystocia and fetal skeletal malformation,and imidacloprid disrupted the endocrine system and male fertility.They both contain 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine substituted imidazolidine c yclic ring,which were expected to create a new category of neonicotinoids.The current work delineates a t ransparent process of curating toxicological data for the purpose of DART data interpretation.In the presence of sufficient related structures and DART data,the DT can be expanded by iteratively adding chemicals within the a pplicable domain of each category or subcategory.This DT can potentially serve as a tool for screening emerging pollutants and assessing new chemicals in China.展开更多
Two new transition-metal coordination polymers,{[Cd(oba)(L)_(2)]·H_(2)O}_n(1)and[Cd(4-nph)(L)_(2)]_n(2)(H_(2)oba=4,4'-oxydibenzoic acid,4-H_(2)nph=4-nitrophthalic acid,L=2,2'-biimidazole),were successfull...Two new transition-metal coordination polymers,{[Cd(oba)(L)_(2)]·H_(2)O}_n(1)and[Cd(4-nph)(L)_(2)]_n(2)(H_(2)oba=4,4'-oxydibenzoic acid,4-H_(2)nph=4-nitrophthalic acid,L=2,2'-biimidazole),were successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized structurally by IR spectroscopy,elemental analyses,single-crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffraction,and thermogravimetric analysis.The results of single-crystal X-ray diffraction show that complex 1 presents a 1D zigzag chain structure and further extends to a 2D network through N—H…O hydrogen bonds andπ-πstacking interactions.Meanwhile,complex 2 has a zero-dimensional structure and also extends to form a 2D network through N—H…O hydrogen bonds andπ-πstacking interactions.In addition,both 1and 2 exhibited luminescent properties in the solid state.Furthermore,quantum chemical calculations were carried out on the"molecular fragments"extracted from the crystal structures of 1 and 2 using the PBE0/LANL2DZ method constructed by the Gaussian 16 program.The calculated values signify a significant covalent interaction between the coordination atoms and the Cd(Ⅱ)ions.CCDC:2332173,1;2332176,2.展开更多
The insensitive munitions compound nitroguanidine(NQ)is used by the U.S.Army to avoid unintended explosions.However,NQ also represents an emerging contaminant whose environmental emissions can cause toxicity toward aq...The insensitive munitions compound nitroguanidine(NQ)is used by the U.S.Army to avoid unintended explosions.However,NQ also represents an emerging contaminant whose environmental emissions can cause toxicity toward aquatic organisms,indicating the need for effective remediation strategies.Thus,we investigated the feasibility of treating water contaminated with NQ in continuous-flow columns packed with zero-valent iron(ZVI)or iron sulfide(FeS).Initially,the impact of pH on NQ transformation by ZVI or FeS was evaluated in batch experiments.The pseudo first-order rate constant for NQ transformation(k_(1,NQ))by ZVI was 8-10 times higher at pH 3.0 compared to pH 5.5 and 7.0,whereas similar k_(1,NQ)values were obtained for FeS at pH 5.5-10.0.Based on these findings,the influent p H fed to the ZVIand Fe S-packed columns was adjusted to 3.0 and 5.5,respectively.Both reactors transformed NQ into nitrosoguanidine(Nso Q).Further transformation of Nso Q by ZVI produced aminoguanidine,guanidine,and cyanamide,whereas Nso Q transformation by Fe S produced guanidine,ammonium,and traces of urea.ZVI outperformed Fe S as a reactive material to remove NQ.The ZVI-packed column effectively removed NQ below detection even after 45 d of operation(490 pore volumes,PV).In contrast,NQ breakthrough(removal efficiency<85%)was observed after 18 d(180 PV)in the Fe S-packed column.The high NQ removal efficiency and long service life of the ZVI-packed column(>490 PV)suggest that the technology is a promising approach for NQ treatment in packed-bed reactors and in situ remediation.展开更多
In this study,a series of triaxial tests are conducted on sandstone specimens to investigate the evolution of their mechanics and permeability characteristics under the combined action of immersion corrosion and seepa...In this study,a series of triaxial tests are conducted on sandstone specimens to investigate the evolution of their mechanics and permeability characteristics under the combined action of immersion corrosion and seepage of different chemical solutions.It is observed that with the increase of confining pressure,the peak stress,dilatancy stress,dilatancy stress ratio,peak strain,and elastic modulus of the sandstone increase while the Poisson ratio decreases and less secondary cracks are produced when the samples are broken.The pore pressure and confining pressure have opposite influences on the mechanical properties.With the increase of the applied axial stress,three stages are clearly identified in the permeability evolution curves:initial compaction stage,linear elasticity stage and plastic deformation stage.The permeability reaches the maximum value when the highest volumetric dilatancy is obtained.In addition,the hydrochemical action of salt solution with pH=7 and 4 has an obvious deteriorating effect on the mechanical properties and induces the increase of permeability.The obtained results will be useful in engineering to understand the mechanical and seepage properties of sandstone under the coupled chemical-seepage-stress multiple fields.展开更多
To accurately identify the factors affecting the formation of stable aggregates in bauxite residue during the soil formation process,the comprehensive effects of a combined chemical-biological amelioration strategy in...To accurately identify the factors affecting the formation of stable aggregates in bauxite residue during the soil formation process,the comprehensive effects of a combined chemical-biological amelioration strategy including solid wastes and a functional microorganism on aggregate size distribution and its stability in bauxite residue were investigated during a 365-d simulation experiment.The results showed that the combined amelioration effectively reduced the saline alkalinity of bauxite residue,and markedly changed the contents of aggregate-associated chemical binding agents.Desulfurization gypsum and maize straw-Penicillium oxalicum(P.oxalicum)differentiated the formation of aggregates within different sizes.Maize straw-P.oxalicum stimulated the formation of water-stable macroaggregates with more durable erosion resistance by the wet-sieving and laser dynamic diffraction analysis.The Pearson correlation analysis showed that exchangeable polyvalent metal ions,pyrophosphate extractable Fe oxide,and organic carbon exhibited positive correlations with aggregate stability during the 365-d incubation.The findings in this study may provide data support and engineering practical reference for ecological restoration in the disposal areas.展开更多
Chemical warfare agents(CWAs)are extremely lethal substances used in warfare and terrorism,capable of causing permanent damage even in small doses,despite medical intervention.Therefore,detection,protection,and detoxi...Chemical warfare agents(CWAs)are extremely lethal substances used in warfare and terrorism,capable of causing permanent damage even in small doses,despite medical intervention.Therefore,detection,protection,and detoxification of CWAs are vital for the safety of first responders,military personnel,and civilians,driving significant research in this area.Herein,we designed and synthesized a poly(-diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)mediated cupric oxide(CuO)functionalized activated carbon fabric(ACF),termed ACF@PDDA-CuO,as an adsorbent filter material for self-detoxifying chemical protective clothing.PDDA,a positively charged polyelectrolyte,effectively binds in-situ synthesized CuO to the negatively charged ACF surface,serving as a suitable binder.This study demonstrates the synergistic effects of PDDA-CuO functionalization on ACF,where PDDA treatment enhanced mechanical and comfort properties,and CuO crystal growth significantly improved detoxification efficacy against the CWA Nerve Agent Sarin.Comprehensive analyses,including FTIR,BET surface area analysis,SEM,EDS,TEM,STEM,TGA,XPS,and XRD,confirmed the uniform deposition of CuO and PDDA on the ACF surface.The Cu content on ACF@PDDA-CuO samples was measured via iodometric titration.The materials were evaluated for tensile strength,air permeability,water vapor permeability,nerve agent(Sarin)detoxification,and blister agent(Sulfur Mustard)breakthrough time to assess their applicability for protective clothing.The optimized PDDA-CuO on ACF detoxified 82.04%of Sarin within 18 h,compared to 25.22%by ACF alone,and enhanced tensile strength by 23.67%,air permeability by 24.63%,and water vapor permeability by 3.94%,while maintaining protection against Sulfur Mustard for 24 h.These findings indicate that ACF@PDDA-CuO is a promising candidate for CWA protective clothing,offering robust protection with enhanced comfort.展开更多
This study investigates the potential of metal additives in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)polymer fuel to enhance hybrid rocket motor(HRM)performance through computational analysis,Chemical Equilibrium with Appl...This study investigates the potential of metal additives in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)polymer fuel to enhance hybrid rocket motor(HRM)performance through computational analysis,Chemical Equilibrium with Applications(CEA),software.ABS was selected as the base fuel due to its thermoplastic nature,which allows for the creation of complex fuel geometries through 3D printing,offering significant flexibility in fuel design.Hybrid rockets,which combine a solid fuel with a liquid oxidiser,offer advantages in terms of operational simplicity and safety.However,conventional polymer fuels often exhibit low regression rates and suboptimal combustion efficiencies.In this research,we evaluated a range of metal additives-aluminium(Al),boron(B),nickel(Ni),copper(Cu),and iron(Fe)-at chamber pressures ranging from 1 to 30 bar and oxidiser-to-fuel(O/F)ratios between 1.1 and 12,resulting in 1800 unique test conditions.The main performance parameters used to assess each formulation were characteristic velocity(C^(*))and adiabatic flame temperature.The results revealed that each test produced a different optimum O/F ratio,with most ratios falling between 4 and 6.The highest performance was achieved at a chamber pressure of 30 bar across all formulations.Among the additives,Al and B demonstrated significant potential for improved combustion performance with increasing metal loadings.In contrast,Fe,Cu,and Ni reached optimal performance at a minimum loading of 1%.Future work includes investigating B-Al metal composites as additives into the ABS base polymer fuel,and doing experimental validation tests where the metallised ABS polymer fuel is 3D printed.展开更多
文摘Hanyu Xu 1,Xuedan Song 1,*,Qing Zhang 1,Chang Yu 1,Jieshan Qiu 1,2,*1 Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,School of Chemical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,Liaoning Province,China.
文摘近日,德国C1绿色化工技术公司(C1 Green Chemicals)表示获得2000万欧元资助,旨在新建全球首套均相催化绿色甲醇示范装置。该示范装置位于德国洛伊纳(Leuna)化工园区,预计2025年开工,将利用CO_(2)和绿氢转化为合成气,以及采用集装箱化设计与分散式反应器生产绿色甲醇,主要包括合成气生产、绿色甲醇生产与粗甲醇提纯三部分。
文摘The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.
文摘The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.It reports the latest and the most creative results of important fundamental research in all aspects of chemistry and of developments with significant consequences across sub-disciplines.This journal is sponsored by Jilin University and mandated by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China.
文摘The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.It reports the latest and the most creative results of important fundamental research in all aspects of chemistry and of developments with significant consequences across sub-disciplines.This journal is sponsored by Jilin University and mandated by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China.
文摘To investigate the overall performance of reverse energy bypass scramjet,firstly a variable spe⁃cific heat method combined with a chemical balance calculation module for combustion products were used to es⁃tablish a benchmark scramjet performance evaluation model.Based on the test data of typical flying point of Mach 7 with the altitude of 29 km,the reliability of the model was verified.The deviations of parameters such as the to⁃tal pressure loss of combustor between the model and the test data were analyzed.Furtherly,an analytical method for post-combustion magnetohydrodynamic power generation was established;by embedding the above method into the overall performance evaluation model,performance prediction considering the power generation effect was realized.Finally,based on the above model,variety regulations of the inlet and the outlet parameters of the power generation channel and performance parameters including the engine specific impulse and the unit thrust under different enthalpy extraction ratios and load factors were analyzed.It could be concluded that the model can reliably predict the variations of key parameters.As the value of the load factor increases,the value of the conduc⁃tivity required to reach the specified enthalpy extraction ratio first decreases and then increases,which is approxi⁃mately parabolic.In order to reduce the demand for the gas conductivity for MHD power generation,the load fac⁃tor should be around 0.5.When the load factor is 0.4 and the magnetic induction intensity is 2.5 T,if the enthalpy extraction ratio reaches 0.5%,the engine specific impulse performance reduces about 3.58%.
文摘Cu suffers from oxidation and corrosion during application due to its active chemical properties.Graphene⁃modified Cu can significantly improve its stability during application.However,copper is easily sintered at high temperatures,so that graphene cannot be grown inside.We demonstrate two kinds of spacers,graphite and SiO_(2),which are effective in preventing the sintering of copper and are used to assist in the growth of graphene.In the Cu⁃C system,the nucleation of graphene is scarce,and it tends to nucleate and grow on the concave surface of copper first,and then grow epitaxially to the convex surface of copper.Eventually,the obtained graphene is relatively thick.In the Cu⁃SiO_(2) system,due to the oxygen released by SiO_(2) at high temperatures,the surface of copper becomes rough.This leads to an increase in the number of graphene nucleation sites without preferred orientation,and relatively thin graphene is obtained.Two different growth mechanisms have been established for spacerseffects on graphene growth.It provides insights for graphene engineering for further applications.
文摘Developmental and reproductive toxicity(DART)endpoint entails a toxicological assessment of all developmental stages and reproductive cycles of an organism.In silico tools to predict DART will provide a method to assess this complex toxicity endpoint and will be valuable for screening emerging pollutants as well as for m anaging new chemicals in China.Currently,there are few published DART prediction models in China,but many related research and development projects are in progress.In 2013,WU et al.published an expert rule-based DART decision tree(DT).This DT relies on known chemical structures linked to DART to forecast DART potential of a given chemical.Within this procedure,an accurate DART data interpretation is the foundation of building and expanding the DT.This paper excerpted case studies demonstrating DART data curation and interpretation of four chemicals(including 8-hydroxyquinoline,3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol,thiacloprid,and imidacloprid)to expand the existing DART DT.Chemicals were first selected from the database of Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment(MEESCC)in China.The structures of these 4 chemicals were analyzed and preliminarily grouped by chemists based on core structural features,functional groups,receptor binding property,metabolism,and possible mode of actions.Then,the DART conclusion was derived by collecting chemical information,searching,integrating,and interpreting DART data by the toxicologists.Finally,these chemicals were classified into either an existing category or a new category via integrating their chemical features,DART conclusions,and biological properties.The results showed that 8-hydroxyquinoline impacted estrous cyclicity,s exual organ weights,and embryonal development,and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol caused central nervous system(CNS)malformations,which were added to an existing subcategory 8e(aromatic compounds with multi-halogen and nitro groups)of the DT.Thiacloprid caused dystocia and fetal skeletal malformation,and imidacloprid disrupted the endocrine system and male fertility.They both contain 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine substituted imidazolidine c yclic ring,which were expected to create a new category of neonicotinoids.The current work delineates a t ransparent process of curating toxicological data for the purpose of DART data interpretation.In the presence of sufficient related structures and DART data,the DT can be expanded by iteratively adding chemicals within the a pplicable domain of each category or subcategory.This DT can potentially serve as a tool for screening emerging pollutants and assessing new chemicals in China.
文摘Two new transition-metal coordination polymers,{[Cd(oba)(L)_(2)]·H_(2)O}_n(1)and[Cd(4-nph)(L)_(2)]_n(2)(H_(2)oba=4,4'-oxydibenzoic acid,4-H_(2)nph=4-nitrophthalic acid,L=2,2'-biimidazole),were successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized structurally by IR spectroscopy,elemental analyses,single-crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffraction,and thermogravimetric analysis.The results of single-crystal X-ray diffraction show that complex 1 presents a 1D zigzag chain structure and further extends to a 2D network through N—H…O hydrogen bonds andπ-πstacking interactions.Meanwhile,complex 2 has a zero-dimensional structure and also extends to form a 2D network through N—H…O hydrogen bonds andπ-πstacking interactions.In addition,both 1and 2 exhibited luminescent properties in the solid state.Furthermore,quantum chemical calculations were carried out on the"molecular fragments"extracted from the crystal structures of 1 and 2 using the PBE0/LANL2DZ method constructed by the Gaussian 16 program.The calculated values signify a significant covalent interaction between the coordination atoms and the Cd(Ⅱ)ions.CCDC:2332173,1;2332176,2.
基金financially supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program(Grant No.ER19-1075)。
文摘The insensitive munitions compound nitroguanidine(NQ)is used by the U.S.Army to avoid unintended explosions.However,NQ also represents an emerging contaminant whose environmental emissions can cause toxicity toward aquatic organisms,indicating the need for effective remediation strategies.Thus,we investigated the feasibility of treating water contaminated with NQ in continuous-flow columns packed with zero-valent iron(ZVI)or iron sulfide(FeS).Initially,the impact of pH on NQ transformation by ZVI or FeS was evaluated in batch experiments.The pseudo first-order rate constant for NQ transformation(k_(1,NQ))by ZVI was 8-10 times higher at pH 3.0 compared to pH 5.5 and 7.0,whereas similar k_(1,NQ)values were obtained for FeS at pH 5.5-10.0.Based on these findings,the influent p H fed to the ZVIand Fe S-packed columns was adjusted to 3.0 and 5.5,respectively.Both reactors transformed NQ into nitrosoguanidine(Nso Q).Further transformation of Nso Q by ZVI produced aminoguanidine,guanidine,and cyanamide,whereas Nso Q transformation by Fe S produced guanidine,ammonium,and traces of urea.ZVI outperformed Fe S as a reactive material to remove NQ.The ZVI-packed column effectively removed NQ below detection even after 45 d of operation(490 pore volumes,PV).In contrast,NQ breakthrough(removal efficiency<85%)was observed after 18 d(180 PV)in the Fe S-packed column.The high NQ removal efficiency and long service life of the ZVI-packed column(>490 PV)suggest that the technology is a promising approach for NQ treatment in packed-bed reactors and in situ remediation.
基金Projects(12072102,12102129)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(DM2022B01)supported by the Key Laboratory of Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines,Ministry of Education,ChinaProject(JZ-008)supported by the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province,China。
文摘In this study,a series of triaxial tests are conducted on sandstone specimens to investigate the evolution of their mechanics and permeability characteristics under the combined action of immersion corrosion and seepage of different chemical solutions.It is observed that with the increase of confining pressure,the peak stress,dilatancy stress,dilatancy stress ratio,peak strain,and elastic modulus of the sandstone increase while the Poisson ratio decreases and less secondary cracks are produced when the samples are broken.The pore pressure and confining pressure have opposite influences on the mechanical properties.With the increase of the applied axial stress,three stages are clearly identified in the permeability evolution curves:initial compaction stage,linear elasticity stage and plastic deformation stage.The permeability reaches the maximum value when the highest volumetric dilatancy is obtained.In addition,the hydrochemical action of salt solution with pH=7 and 4 has an obvious deteriorating effect on the mechanical properties and induces the increase of permeability.The obtained results will be useful in engineering to understand the mechanical and seepage properties of sandstone under the coupled chemical-seepage-stress multiple fields.
基金Projects(42177391,42477437)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2024RC3041)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China+1 种基金Project(2023CXQD064)supported by the Innovation-Driven Research Programme of Central South University,ChinaProject(242102321124)supported by the Henan Provincal Science and Technology Research Project,China。
文摘To accurately identify the factors affecting the formation of stable aggregates in bauxite residue during the soil formation process,the comprehensive effects of a combined chemical-biological amelioration strategy including solid wastes and a functional microorganism on aggregate size distribution and its stability in bauxite residue were investigated during a 365-d simulation experiment.The results showed that the combined amelioration effectively reduced the saline alkalinity of bauxite residue,and markedly changed the contents of aggregate-associated chemical binding agents.Desulfurization gypsum and maize straw-Penicillium oxalicum(P.oxalicum)differentiated the formation of aggregates within different sizes.Maize straw-P.oxalicum stimulated the formation of water-stable macroaggregates with more durable erosion resistance by the wet-sieving and laser dynamic diffraction analysis.The Pearson correlation analysis showed that exchangeable polyvalent metal ions,pyrophosphate extractable Fe oxide,and organic carbon exhibited positive correlations with aggregate stability during the 365-d incubation.The findings in this study may provide data support and engineering practical reference for ecological restoration in the disposal areas.
基金Defence Research and Development Establishment(DRDE),DRDO,Gwalior-474002,(India)for his keen interestencouragement.The DRDE accession number for this manuscript is DRDE-IREC-130-28/03/2024.
文摘Chemical warfare agents(CWAs)are extremely lethal substances used in warfare and terrorism,capable of causing permanent damage even in small doses,despite medical intervention.Therefore,detection,protection,and detoxification of CWAs are vital for the safety of first responders,military personnel,and civilians,driving significant research in this area.Herein,we designed and synthesized a poly(-diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)mediated cupric oxide(CuO)functionalized activated carbon fabric(ACF),termed ACF@PDDA-CuO,as an adsorbent filter material for self-detoxifying chemical protective clothing.PDDA,a positively charged polyelectrolyte,effectively binds in-situ synthesized CuO to the negatively charged ACF surface,serving as a suitable binder.This study demonstrates the synergistic effects of PDDA-CuO functionalization on ACF,where PDDA treatment enhanced mechanical and comfort properties,and CuO crystal growth significantly improved detoxification efficacy against the CWA Nerve Agent Sarin.Comprehensive analyses,including FTIR,BET surface area analysis,SEM,EDS,TEM,STEM,TGA,XPS,and XRD,confirmed the uniform deposition of CuO and PDDA on the ACF surface.The Cu content on ACF@PDDA-CuO samples was measured via iodometric titration.The materials were evaluated for tensile strength,air permeability,water vapor permeability,nerve agent(Sarin)detoxification,and blister agent(Sulfur Mustard)breakthrough time to assess their applicability for protective clothing.The optimized PDDA-CuO on ACF detoxified 82.04%of Sarin within 18 h,compared to 25.22%by ACF alone,and enhanced tensile strength by 23.67%,air permeability by 24.63%,and water vapor permeability by 3.94%,while maintaining protection against Sulfur Mustard for 24 h.These findings indicate that ACF@PDDA-CuO is a promising candidate for CWA protective clothing,offering robust protection with enhanced comfort.
文摘This study investigates the potential of metal additives in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)polymer fuel to enhance hybrid rocket motor(HRM)performance through computational analysis,Chemical Equilibrium with Applications(CEA),software.ABS was selected as the base fuel due to its thermoplastic nature,which allows for the creation of complex fuel geometries through 3D printing,offering significant flexibility in fuel design.Hybrid rockets,which combine a solid fuel with a liquid oxidiser,offer advantages in terms of operational simplicity and safety.However,conventional polymer fuels often exhibit low regression rates and suboptimal combustion efficiencies.In this research,we evaluated a range of metal additives-aluminium(Al),boron(B),nickel(Ni),copper(Cu),and iron(Fe)-at chamber pressures ranging from 1 to 30 bar and oxidiser-to-fuel(O/F)ratios between 1.1 and 12,resulting in 1800 unique test conditions.The main performance parameters used to assess each formulation were characteristic velocity(C^(*))and adiabatic flame temperature.The results revealed that each test produced a different optimum O/F ratio,with most ratios falling between 4 and 6.The highest performance was achieved at a chamber pressure of 30 bar across all formulations.Among the additives,Al and B demonstrated significant potential for improved combustion performance with increasing metal loadings.In contrast,Fe,Cu,and Ni reached optimal performance at a minimum loading of 1%.Future work includes investigating B-Al metal composites as additives into the ABS base polymer fuel,and doing experimental validation tests where the metallised ABS polymer fuel is 3D printed.
