The performance of a material is directly affected by its microstructural development during the solidification phase. Discrete cellular automaton (CA) models are widelyused in materials science to simulate and predic...The performance of a material is directly affected by its microstructural development during the solidification phase. Discrete cellular automaton (CA) models are widelyused in materials science to simulate and predict microstructural growth. This review comprehensively explains the developments and applications of CA in solidification structure simulation, including the theoretical underpinnings, computational procedures, software development, and recent advances. Summarizes the potential and limitations of cellular automata in understanding microstructure evolution during solidification, explores the evolution of microstructures during solidification, and adds to our existing knowledge of cellular automaton theory. Finally, the research trend in simulating the evolution of the solidification microstructure using cellular automaton theory is explored.展开更多
[Objective]Urban floods are occurring more frequently because of global climate change and urbanization.Accordingly,urban rainstorm and flood forecasting has become a priority in urban hydrology research.However,two-d...[Objective]Urban floods are occurring more frequently because of global climate change and urbanization.Accordingly,urban rainstorm and flood forecasting has become a priority in urban hydrology research.However,two-dimensional hydrodynamic models execute calculations slowly,hindering the rapid simulation and forecasting of urban floods.To overcome this limitation and accelerate the speed and improve the accuracy of urban flood simulations and forecasting,numerical simulations and deep learning were combined to develop a more effective urban flood forecasting method.[Methods]Specifically,a cellular automata model was used to simulate the urban flood process and address the need to include a large number of datasets in the deep learning process.Meanwhile,to shorten the time required for urban flood forecasting,a convolutional neural network model was used to establish the mapping relationship between rainfall and inundation depth.[Results]The results show that the relative error of forecasting the maximum inundation depth in flood-prone locations is less than 10%,and the Nash efficiency coefficient of forecasting inundation depth series in flood-prone locations is greater than 0.75.[Conclusion]The result demonstrated that the proposed method could execute highly accurate simulations and quickly produce forecasts,illustrating its superiority as an urban flood forecasting technique.展开更多
The roundabouts are widely used in China,some of which have central islands as scenic spots.The crosswalks connecting to the central islands,normally full of pedestrians,have negative impact on roundabout capability a...The roundabouts are widely used in China,some of which have central islands as scenic spots.The crosswalks connecting to the central islands,normally full of pedestrians,have negative impact on roundabout capability and pedestrian safety.Therefore,this study proposes a fuzzy cellular automata(FCA)model to explore the safety and efficiency impacts of pedestrian-vehicle conflicts at a two-lane roundabout.To reason the decision-making process of individual drivers before crosswalks,membership functions in the fuzzy inference system were calibrated with field data conducted in Changsha,China.Using specific indicators of efficiency and safety performance,it was shown that circulating vehicles can move smoothly in low traffic flow,but the roundabout system is prone to the traffic congestion if traffic flow reaches to a certain level.Also,the high yielding rate of drivers has a negative impact on the traffic efficiency but can improve pedestrian safety.Furthermore,a pedestrian restriction measure was deduced for the roundabout crosswalk from the FCA model and national guideline of setting traffic lights.展开更多
Two classes of composite materials are considered: classical metaleceramic composites with reinforcing hard inclusions as well as hard ceramics matrix with soft gel inclusions. Movable cellular automaton method is use...Two classes of composite materials are considered: classical metaleceramic composites with reinforcing hard inclusions as well as hard ceramics matrix with soft gel inclusions. Movable cellular automaton method is used for modeling the mechanical behaviors of such different heterogeneous materials. The method is based on particle approach and may be considered as a kind of discrete element method. The main feature of the method is the use of many-body forces of inter-element interaction within the formalism of simply deformable element approximation. It was shown that the strength of reinforcing particles and the width of particle-binder interphase boundaries had determining influence on the service characteristics of metaleceramic composite. In particular, the increasing of strength of carbide inclusions may lead to significant increase in the strength and ultimate strain of composite material. On the example of porous zirconia ceramics it was shown that the change in the mechanical properties of pore surface leads to the corresponding change in effective elastic modulus and strength limit of the ceramic sample. The less is the pore size, the more is this effect. The increase in the elastic properties of pore surface of ceramics may reduce its fracture energy.展开更多
文摘The performance of a material is directly affected by its microstructural development during the solidification phase. Discrete cellular automaton (CA) models are widelyused in materials science to simulate and predict microstructural growth. This review comprehensively explains the developments and applications of CA in solidification structure simulation, including the theoretical underpinnings, computational procedures, software development, and recent advances. Summarizes the potential and limitations of cellular automata in understanding microstructure evolution during solidification, explores the evolution of microstructures during solidification, and adds to our existing knowledge of cellular automaton theory. Finally, the research trend in simulating the evolution of the solidification microstructure using cellular automaton theory is explored.
文摘[Objective]Urban floods are occurring more frequently because of global climate change and urbanization.Accordingly,urban rainstorm and flood forecasting has become a priority in urban hydrology research.However,two-dimensional hydrodynamic models execute calculations slowly,hindering the rapid simulation and forecasting of urban floods.To overcome this limitation and accelerate the speed and improve the accuracy of urban flood simulations and forecasting,numerical simulations and deep learning were combined to develop a more effective urban flood forecasting method.[Methods]Specifically,a cellular automata model was used to simulate the urban flood process and address the need to include a large number of datasets in the deep learning process.Meanwhile,to shorten the time required for urban flood forecasting,a convolutional neural network model was used to establish the mapping relationship between rainfall and inundation depth.[Results]The results show that the relative error of forecasting the maximum inundation depth in flood-prone locations is less than 10%,and the Nash efficiency coefficient of forecasting inundation depth series in flood-prone locations is greater than 0.75.[Conclusion]The result demonstrated that the proposed method could execute highly accurate simulations and quickly produce forecasts,illustrating its superiority as an urban flood forecasting technique.
基金Project(2020YFB1600400)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2019JJ50837)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(71801227)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘The roundabouts are widely used in China,some of which have central islands as scenic spots.The crosswalks connecting to the central islands,normally full of pedestrians,have negative impact on roundabout capability and pedestrian safety.Therefore,this study proposes a fuzzy cellular automata(FCA)model to explore the safety and efficiency impacts of pedestrian-vehicle conflicts at a two-lane roundabout.To reason the decision-making process of individual drivers before crosswalks,membership functions in the fuzzy inference system were calibrated with field data conducted in Changsha,China.Using specific indicators of efficiency and safety performance,it was shown that circulating vehicles can move smoothly in low traffic flow,but the roundabout system is prone to the traffic congestion if traffic flow reaches to a certain level.Also,the high yielding rate of drivers has a negative impact on the traffic efficiency but can improve pedestrian safety.Furthermore,a pedestrian restriction measure was deduced for the roundabout crosswalk from the FCA model and national guideline of setting traffic lights.
基金the Projects Nos. III.23.2.3 (I.S. Konovalenko, S.P. Buyakova) and III.23.2.4 (S.G. Psakhie) of the Basic Scientific Research Program of State Academies of Sciences for 2013e2020the RFBR Project No. 12-01-00805-a (A.Yu. Smolin, E.V. Shilko)the grant No. 14-19-00718 of the Russian Science Foundation (A.Yu. Smolin, E.V. Shilko, S.V. Astafurov)
文摘Two classes of composite materials are considered: classical metaleceramic composites with reinforcing hard inclusions as well as hard ceramics matrix with soft gel inclusions. Movable cellular automaton method is used for modeling the mechanical behaviors of such different heterogeneous materials. The method is based on particle approach and may be considered as a kind of discrete element method. The main feature of the method is the use of many-body forces of inter-element interaction within the formalism of simply deformable element approximation. It was shown that the strength of reinforcing particles and the width of particle-binder interphase boundaries had determining influence on the service characteristics of metaleceramic composite. In particular, the increasing of strength of carbide inclusions may lead to significant increase in the strength and ultimate strain of composite material. On the example of porous zirconia ceramics it was shown that the change in the mechanical properties of pore surface leads to the corresponding change in effective elastic modulus and strength limit of the ceramic sample. The less is the pore size, the more is this effect. The increase in the elastic properties of pore surface of ceramics may reduce its fracture energy.
