This study presents a detailed analysis of the catalytic de-oxygenation of the liquid and gaseous pyrolytic products of two biomasses (beech wood and flax shives) using different catalysts (commercial HZSM-5 and H-Y,a...This study presents a detailed analysis of the catalytic de-oxygenation of the liquid and gaseous pyrolytic products of two biomasses (beech wood and flax shives) using different catalysts (commercial HZSM-5 and H-Y,and lab-synthesised Fe-HZSM-5,Fe-H-Y,Pt/Al2O3 and CoMo/Al2O3). The experiments were all conducted in a semi-batch reactor under the same operating conditions for all feed materials. BET specific surface area,BJH pore size distribution and FT-IR technologies have been used to characterise the catalysts,while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) and thermal conductivity detection (GC-TCD) were used to examine the liquid and gaseous pyrolytic products. It was firstly seen that at higher catalyst-to-biomass ratios of 4∶1,de-oxygenation efficiency did not experience any further significant improvement. FeHZSM-5 was deemed to be the most efficient of the catalysts utilised as it helped reach the lowest oxygen contents in the bio-oils samples and the second best was HZSM-5. It was also found that HZSM-5 and H-Y tended to privilege the decarbonylation route(production of CO),whilst their iron-modified counterparts favoured the decarboxylation one (production of CO2) for both biomasses studied. It was then seen that the major bio-oil components (carboxylic acids) underwent almost complete conversion under catalytic treatment to produce mostly unoxygenated aromatic compounds,phenols and gases like CO and CO2. Finally,phenols were seen to be the family most significantly formed from the actions of all catalysts.展开更多
Hydrogen rich gas was produced using rice husk as biomass material on the continuous biomass pyrolysis apparatus which consisted of continuous pyrolysis reactor and secondary catalytic cracking reactor. Ni based catal...Hydrogen rich gas was produced using rice husk as biomass material on the continuous biomass pyrolysis apparatus which consisted of continuous pyrolysis reactor and secondary catalytic cracking reactor. Ni based catalysts of different Ni/Al mass ratio and calcined temperature were prepared by impregnating method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scan electron microscope （SEM） and FT-IR Spectrometer （FT-IR）. Ni based catalyst showed good selectivity for H2 production from biomass. Catalysts prepared under different conditions had little influence on the yields of three states products when used at the same cracking temperature. Ni/Al mass ratio played an important role in products selectivity. However, the content of NiO increased further when Ni/Al mass ratio values reached 0.7 ： 10, and the yield of H2 slightly increased. Hydrogen yield was greatly impacted by calcined temperature. Catalyst calcined at 550℃performed best. When the catalyst was calcined at high temperature, NiO in the catalyst transformed into NiAl2O4, and the acid site also changed, which caused the deactivation of the catalyst. The hydrogen yield increased with the cracking temperature. The highest stable yield of hydrogen was about 30% without increasing with the cracking temperature.展开更多
Catalytic pyrolysis of Chinese Daqing atmospheric residue on a commercial fluid catalytic cracking(FCC) catalyst was investigated in a confined fluidized bed reactor.The results show that the commercial FCC catalyst h...Catalytic pyrolysis of Chinese Daqing atmospheric residue on a commercial fluid catalytic cracking(FCC) catalyst was investigated in a confined fluidized bed reactor.The results show that the commercial FCC catalyst has good capability of cracking atmospheric residue to light olefins.The analysis of gas samples shows that the content of total light olefins in cracked gas is above 80%.The analysis of liquid samples shows that the content of aromatics in liquid samples ranges from 60% to 80%,and it increases with the enhancement of reaction temperature.The yield of total light olefins shows a maximum with the increase of reaction temperature,the weight ratios of catalyst-to-oil and steam-to-oil,respectively.The optimal reaction temperature,the weight ratios of catalyst-to-oil and steam-to-oil are about 650℃,15 and 0.75,respectively.展开更多
The online upgrading process that combined the fast pyrolysis of biomass and catalytic cracking of bio-oil was developed to produce a high quality liquid product from the biomass.The installation consisted of a fluidi...The online upgrading process that combined the fast pyrolysis of biomass and catalytic cracking of bio-oil was developed to produce a high quality liquid product from the biomass.The installation consisted of a fluidized bed reactor for pyrolysis and a packed bed reactor for upgrading.The proper pyrolysis processing conditions with a temperature of 500℃ and a flow rate of 4m3·h-1 were determined in advance.Under such conditions,the effects of temperature and weight hourly space velocity(WHSV) on both the liquid yields and the oil qualities of the online catalytic cracking process were investigated.The results showed that such a combined process had the superiority of increasing the liquid yield and improving the product quality over the separate processes.Furthermore,when the temperature was 500℃,with a WHSV of 3h-1,the liquid yield reached the maximum and the oxygenic compounds also decreased obviously.展开更多
基金supported by the European Union with the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)the Regional Council of Normandie
文摘This study presents a detailed analysis of the catalytic de-oxygenation of the liquid and gaseous pyrolytic products of two biomasses (beech wood and flax shives) using different catalysts (commercial HZSM-5 and H-Y,and lab-synthesised Fe-HZSM-5,Fe-H-Y,Pt/Al2O3 and CoMo/Al2O3). The experiments were all conducted in a semi-batch reactor under the same operating conditions for all feed materials. BET specific surface area,BJH pore size distribution and FT-IR technologies have been used to characterise the catalysts,while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) and thermal conductivity detection (GC-TCD) were used to examine the liquid and gaseous pyrolytic products. It was firstly seen that at higher catalyst-to-biomass ratios of 4∶1,de-oxygenation efficiency did not experience any further significant improvement. FeHZSM-5 was deemed to be the most efficient of the catalysts utilised as it helped reach the lowest oxygen contents in the bio-oils samples and the second best was HZSM-5. It was also found that HZSM-5 and H-Y tended to privilege the decarbonylation route(production of CO),whilst their iron-modified counterparts favoured the decarboxylation one (production of CO2) for both biomasses studied. It was then seen that the major bio-oil components (carboxylic acids) underwent almost complete conversion under catalytic treatment to produce mostly unoxygenated aromatic compounds,phenols and gases like CO and CO2. Finally,phenols were seen to be the family most significantly formed from the actions of all catalysts.
基金Supported by Key Project of Natural Science in Guangdong Province (06Z004)Science and Technology Projects in Guangdong (2009B050600008)
文摘Hydrogen rich gas was produced using rice husk as biomass material on the continuous biomass pyrolysis apparatus which consisted of continuous pyrolysis reactor and secondary catalytic cracking reactor. Ni based catalysts of different Ni/Al mass ratio and calcined temperature were prepared by impregnating method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scan electron microscope （SEM） and FT-IR Spectrometer （FT-IR）. Ni based catalyst showed good selectivity for H2 production from biomass. Catalysts prepared under different conditions had little influence on the yields of three states products when used at the same cracking temperature. Ni/Al mass ratio played an important role in products selectivity. However, the content of NiO increased further when Ni/Al mass ratio values reached 0.7 ： 10, and the yield of H2 slightly increased. Hydrogen yield was greatly impacted by calcined temperature. Catalyst calcined at 550℃performed best. When the catalyst was calcined at high temperature, NiO in the catalyst transformed into NiAl2O4, and the acid site also changed, which caused the deactivation of the catalyst. The hydrogen yield increased with the cracking temperature. The highest stable yield of hydrogen was about 30% without increasing with the cracking temperature.
基金National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(20525621)Major Research Plan of the Ministry of Education of China(307008).
文摘Catalytic pyrolysis of Chinese Daqing atmospheric residue on a commercial fluid catalytic cracking(FCC) catalyst was investigated in a confined fluidized bed reactor.The results show that the commercial FCC catalyst has good capability of cracking atmospheric residue to light olefins.The analysis of gas samples shows that the content of total light olefins in cracked gas is above 80%.The analysis of liquid samples shows that the content of aromatics in liquid samples ranges from 60% to 80%,and it increases with the enhancement of reaction temperature.The yield of total light olefins shows a maximum with the increase of reaction temperature,the weight ratios of catalyst-to-oil and steam-to-oil,respectively.The optimal reaction temperature,the weight ratios of catalyst-to-oil and steam-to-oil are about 650℃,15 and 0.75,respectively.
基金Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program,2007cb210206)
文摘The online upgrading process that combined the fast pyrolysis of biomass and catalytic cracking of bio-oil was developed to produce a high quality liquid product from the biomass.The installation consisted of a fluidized bed reactor for pyrolysis and a packed bed reactor for upgrading.The proper pyrolysis processing conditions with a temperature of 500℃ and a flow rate of 4m3·h-1 were determined in advance.Under such conditions,the effects of temperature and weight hourly space velocity(WHSV) on both the liquid yields and the oil qualities of the online catalytic cracking process were investigated.The results showed that such a combined process had the superiority of increasing the liquid yield and improving the product quality over the separate processes.Furthermore,when the temperature was 500℃,with a WHSV of 3h-1,the liquid yield reached the maximum and the oxygenic compounds also decreased obviously.
