Qamdo block in the east Tibet lay in front of southwestern margin of the Yangtze landmass and was one of many micro\|blocks between the Gondwana and the Eurasia continents .It played an important role in the developme...Qamdo block in the east Tibet lay in front of southwestern margin of the Yangtze landmass and was one of many micro\|blocks between the Gondwana and the Eurasia continents .It played an important role in the development of the multi\|arc\|basin system of the north sector of the Jinsha\|lancang\|nujiang rivers . Space\|time texture of the block reflected the tectonic evolution of the east Tibet and neighbouring areas directly, providing important information for evolutionary history of the east Tethys.1\ Crustal structure of the Qamdo block\;Crustal structure of the Qamdo block is characterized by “double basement and double cover”.By double basement is meant the Middle—Upper Proterozoic crystalline basement and the Lower Paleozoic folded basement. The Middle—Upper Proterozoic crystalline basement is composed of medium\|high\|grade metamorphic biotite\|plagiogneiss, plagioclase\|amphibole schist, nacritid intercalated with (intermediate\|) basic metavolcanite. These rocks are characteristic of strong ductile deformed metamorphic core complex. The zircon of gneiss yields an U\|Pb age of 1680～2200Ma while the basic metavolcanite give a Sm\|Nd age of 1594Ma.The Lower Paleozoic folded basement consists of the Lower Ordovician and Silurian. Basement of the Qamdo block is similar to that of the Yangtze landmass. By double cover we mean two covers consisting of the Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic, respectively. The Upper Paleozoic is composed of carbonate and clastic rock which were formed from epicontinental to back\|arc basins. The Mesozoic consists of the Upper Triassic—Cretaceous concordant formations which were formed in a back\|arc foreland basin.Sequences of the formations are molasse, neritic carbonate, paralic coal\|bearing rock and terrigenous red clastic rock from the bottom to the top.展开更多
The simplified joint channel estimation and symbol detection based on the EM (expectation-maximization) algorithm for space-time block code (STBC) are proposed. By assuming channel to be invariant within only one STBC...The simplified joint channel estimation and symbol detection based on the EM (expectation-maximization) algorithm for space-time block code (STBC) are proposed. By assuming channel to be invariant within only one STBC word and utilizing the orthogonal structure of STBC, the computational complexity and cost of this algorithm are both very low, so it is very suitable to implementation in real systems.展开更多
A differential modulation scheme using space-time block codes is put forward. Compared with other schemes, our scheme has lower computational complexity and has a simpler decoder. In the case of three or four transmit...A differential modulation scheme using space-time block codes is put forward. Compared with other schemes, our scheme has lower computational complexity and has a simpler decoder. In the case of three or four transmitter antennas, our scheme has a higher rate a higher coding gain and a lower bit error rate for a given rate. Then we made simulations for space-time block codes as well as group codes in the case of two, three, four and five transmit antennas. The simulations prove that using two transmit antennas, one receive antenna and code rate of 4 bits/s/Hz, the differential STBC method outperform the differential group codes method by 4 dB. Useing three, four and five transmit antennas, one receive antenna, and code rate of 3 bits/s/Hz are adopted, the differential STBC method outperform the differential group codes method by 5 dB, 6. 5 dB and 7 dB, respectively. In other words, the differential modulation scheme based on space-time block code is better than the corresponding differential modulation scheme展开更多
Space-time coding is an important technique that can improve transmission performance at fading environments in mobile communication systems. In this paper, we propose a novel diversity scheme using spread spacetime b...Space-time coding is an important technique that can improve transmission performance at fading environments in mobile communication systems. In this paper, we propose a novel diversity scheme using spread spacetime block coding （SSTBC） in multiple antenna systems. At the transmitter, the primitive data are serial to parallel converted to multiple data streams, and each stream is rotated in constellation. Then Walsh codes are used to spread each symbol to all antenna space in a space-time block. The signals received from all receiver antennas are combined with the maximum ratio combining （MRC）, equalized with linear equalizer to eliminate the inter-code interference and finally demodulated to recover to transmit data by using the one-symbol maximum likelihood detector. The proposed scheme does not sacrifice the spectrum efficiency meanwhile maintains the transceiver with low complexity. Owing to the transmission symbols of different transmit antennas passing through all the spatial subchannels between transceiver antenna pairs, the system obtains the partial additional space diversity gain of all spatial paths. It is also shown that the diversity gain is better than the previous space-time block coding （STBC） schemes with full transmission rate.展开更多
An improved scheme with cooperative diversity based on distributed space-time block coding （WCD- DSTBC） is proposed, which effectively achieves diversity gains and improves the performance of the system by sharing s...An improved scheme with cooperative diversity based on distributed space-time block coding （WCD- DSTBC） is proposed, which effectively achieves diversity gains and improves the performance of the system by sharing some single-antenna users＇ antennas to form a virtual antenna array and combining with distributed spacetime block coding （DSTBC） mode. Then the relation between the system BER and the interuser BER for WCDDSTBC scheme is theoretically derived and the closed-form expression of BER for WCD-DSTBC system is obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed WCD-DSTBC scheme achieves distinct gains over the non-cooperative multi-carrier CDMA （MC-CDMA） system. When system BER is le-3 and interuser BER is le-3, about 2.5 dB gain can be gotten. When interuser channel state information （CSI） outgoes the users＇ individual CSI, about 3 dB gain is also achieved.展开更多
Two complex properties, varying time-delay and block-oriented nonlinearity, are very common in chemical engineering processes and not easy to be controlled by routine control methods. Aimed at these two complex proper...Two complex properties, varying time-delay and block-oriented nonlinearity, are very common in chemical engineering processes and not easy to be controlled by routine control methods. Aimed at these two complex properties, a novel adaptive control algorithm the basis of nonlinear OFS （orthonormal functional series） model is proposed. First, the hybrid model which combines OFS and Volterra series is introduced. Then, a stable state feedback strategy is used to construct a nonlinear adaptive control algorithm that can guarantee the closed-loop stability and can track the set point curve without steady-state errors. Finally, control simulations and experiments on a nonlinear process with varying time-delay are presented. A number of experimental results validate the efficiency and superiority of this algorithm.展开更多
文摘Qamdo block in the east Tibet lay in front of southwestern margin of the Yangtze landmass and was one of many micro\|blocks between the Gondwana and the Eurasia continents .It played an important role in the development of the multi\|arc\|basin system of the north sector of the Jinsha\|lancang\|nujiang rivers . Space\|time texture of the block reflected the tectonic evolution of the east Tibet and neighbouring areas directly, providing important information for evolutionary history of the east Tethys.1\ Crustal structure of the Qamdo block\;Crustal structure of the Qamdo block is characterized by “double basement and double cover”.By double basement is meant the Middle—Upper Proterozoic crystalline basement and the Lower Paleozoic folded basement. The Middle—Upper Proterozoic crystalline basement is composed of medium\|high\|grade metamorphic biotite\|plagiogneiss, plagioclase\|amphibole schist, nacritid intercalated with (intermediate\|) basic metavolcanite. These rocks are characteristic of strong ductile deformed metamorphic core complex. The zircon of gneiss yields an U\|Pb age of 1680～2200Ma while the basic metavolcanite give a Sm\|Nd age of 1594Ma.The Lower Paleozoic folded basement consists of the Lower Ordovician and Silurian. Basement of the Qamdo block is similar to that of the Yangtze landmass. By double cover we mean two covers consisting of the Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic, respectively. The Upper Paleozoic is composed of carbonate and clastic rock which were formed from epicontinental to back\|arc basins. The Mesozoic consists of the Upper Triassic—Cretaceous concordant formations which were formed in a back\|arc foreland basin.Sequences of the formations are molasse, neritic carbonate, paralic coal\|bearing rock and terrigenous red clastic rock from the bottom to the top.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60272079).
文摘The simplified joint channel estimation and symbol detection based on the EM (expectation-maximization) algorithm for space-time block code (STBC) are proposed. By assuming channel to be invariant within only one STBC word and utilizing the orthogonal structure of STBC, the computational complexity and cost of this algorithm are both very low, so it is very suitable to implementation in real systems.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60172018) .
文摘A differential modulation scheme using space-time block codes is put forward. Compared with other schemes, our scheme has lower computational complexity and has a simpler decoder. In the case of three or four transmitter antennas, our scheme has a higher rate a higher coding gain and a lower bit error rate for a given rate. Then we made simulations for space-time block codes as well as group codes in the case of two, three, four and five transmit antennas. The simulations prove that using two transmit antennas, one receive antenna and code rate of 4 bits/s/Hz, the differential STBC method outperform the differential group codes method by 4 dB. Useing three, four and five transmit antennas, one receive antenna, and code rate of 3 bits/s/Hz are adopted, the differential STBC method outperform the differential group codes method by 5 dB, 6. 5 dB and 7 dB, respectively. In other words, the differential modulation scheme based on space-time block code is better than the corresponding differential modulation scheme
基金This project was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (60496314)
文摘Space-time coding is an important technique that can improve transmission performance at fading environments in mobile communication systems. In this paper, we propose a novel diversity scheme using spread spacetime block coding （SSTBC） in multiple antenna systems. At the transmitter, the primitive data are serial to parallel converted to multiple data streams, and each stream is rotated in constellation. Then Walsh codes are used to spread each symbol to all antenna space in a space-time block. The signals received from all receiver antennas are combined with the maximum ratio combining （MRC）, equalized with linear equalizer to eliminate the inter-code interference and finally demodulated to recover to transmit data by using the one-symbol maximum likelihood detector. The proposed scheme does not sacrifice the spectrum efficiency meanwhile maintains the transceiver with low complexity. Owing to the transmission symbols of different transmit antennas passing through all the spatial subchannels between transceiver antenna pairs, the system obtains the partial additional space diversity gain of all spatial paths. It is also shown that the diversity gain is better than the previous space-time block coding （STBC） schemes with full transmission rate.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory for Mobile Communication Open Foundation(N200502)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2007192).
文摘An improved scheme with cooperative diversity based on distributed space-time block coding （WCD- DSTBC） is proposed, which effectively achieves diversity gains and improves the performance of the system by sharing some single-antenna users＇ antennas to form a virtual antenna array and combining with distributed spacetime block coding （DSTBC） mode. Then the relation between the system BER and the interuser BER for WCDDSTBC scheme is theoretically derived and the closed-form expression of BER for WCD-DSTBC system is obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed WCD-DSTBC scheme achieves distinct gains over the non-cooperative multi-carrier CDMA （MC-CDMA） system. When system BER is le-3 and interuser BER is le-3, about 2.5 dB gain can be gotten. When interuser channel state information （CSI） outgoes the users＇ individual CSI, about 3 dB gain is also achieved.
文摘Two complex properties, varying time-delay and block-oriented nonlinearity, are very common in chemical engineering processes and not easy to be controlled by routine control methods. Aimed at these two complex properties, a novel adaptive control algorithm the basis of nonlinear OFS （orthonormal functional series） model is proposed. First, the hybrid model which combines OFS and Volterra series is introduced. Then, a stable state feedback strategy is used to construct a nonlinear adaptive control algorithm that can guarantee the closed-loop stability and can track the set point curve without steady-state errors. Finally, control simulations and experiments on a nonlinear process with varying time-delay are presented. A number of experimental results validate the efficiency and superiority of this algorithm.
