Several typical ash samples from a 0.25 MW test furnace fired black liquor coal slurry were selected for investigation. The phases and compounds containing sodium in ash samples were acquired from X-ray diffraction an...Several typical ash samples from a 0.25 MW test furnace fired black liquor coal slurry were selected for investigation. The phases and compounds containing sodium in ash samples were acquired from X-ray diffraction analyses. As well, detailed analyses of the amounts of major mineral elements along thickness gradients of representative ash samples were carried out. The elements, including Na, Si, A1, S and C1 were analyzed by the advanced electron probe microanalyzer equipment, which provid evidence and interpretation for the analytical results of XRD. The findings indicate that the occurrence form of sodium has experi- enced important changes during the combustion of black liquor coal slurry, which translated into nepheline, thenardite, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium silicoaluminate, hanyne and other phases containing sodium, from NaOH, Na2CO3 and Na2S in raw fuel. Of all the sodium compounds, nepheline, thenardite and sodium sulfate are the most important forms of Na in solid com- bustion residues. Such a transformation of Na during the combustion of black liquor coal slurry resulted in a considerable impact on ash deposition and is not only different from the raw coal and papermaldng black liquors, but is also affected by local circum- stances in the combustion furnace. Amounts of Na, S and C1 in ash deposits from low temperature zones were larger than those from high temperature zones. Our findings should provide important theoretical instructions for industrial applications of black liquor coal slurry.展开更多
Combining the characteristics of the black pulping liquor that contains a lot of lignin and other biomass resources, the technology of comprehensive waste utilization is employed. The reconstructive preparation of mod...Combining the characteristics of the black pulping liquor that contains a lot of lignin and other biomass resources, the technology of comprehensive waste utilization is employed. The reconstructive preparation of modified urea-formaldehyde glue by adding black pulping liquor and the application in extruding the medium density fibre board using this modified urea-formaldehyde glue is researched. Results show that when applying the preparation technology that alkaline reaction and then weak acid reaction, the appropriate preparation process is as follows： the adding urea process is divided into three stages （proportion 2 ： 1 ： 1） ; the pH value is 8.0, and the reaction time is 40 min in the addition reaction stage; the pH value will be naturally reduced to 3.5 -5.0, and the reaction time is 45 min in the aggregation reaction stage; the pH value is 8.0 in the urea complement stage. And the optimal condition of the reconstructive preparation the modified ureaformaldehyde glue is adding the condensed black pulping liquor after hydroxymethylation in the beginning of polycondensation reaction by 5% proportion. The application in extruding medium density fibre board with this modified urea-fosmaldehyde glue is proved feasible.展开更多
Environmentally friendly and energy saving treatment of black liquor(BL),a massively produced waste in Kraft papermaking process,still remains a big challenge.Here,by adopting a NieCaOeCa_(12)Al_(14)O_(33) bifunctiona...Environmentally friendly and energy saving treatment of black liquor(BL),a massively produced waste in Kraft papermaking process,still remains a big challenge.Here,by adopting a NieCaOeCa_(12)Al_(14)O_(33) bifunctional catalyst derived from hydrotalcite-like materials,we demonstrate the feasibility of producing high-purity H_(2)(~96%)with 0.9 mol H_(2) mol^(-1) C yield via the sorption enhanced steam reforming(SESR)of BL.The SESRBL performance in terms of H_(2) production maintained stable for 5 cycles,but declined from the 6th cycle.XRD,Raman spectroscopy,elemental analysis and energy dispersive techniques were employed to rationalize the deactivation of the catalyst.It was revealed that gradual sintering and agglomeration of Ni and CaO and associated coking played important roles in catalyst deactivation and performance degradation of SESRBL,while deposition of Na and K from the BL might also be responsible for the declined performance.On the other hand,it was demonstrated that the SESRBL process could effectively reduce the emission of sulfur species by storing it as CaSO_(3).Our results highlight a promising alternative for BL treatment and H_(2) production,thereby being beneficial for pollution control and environment governance in the context of mitigation of climate change.展开更多
基于相同的核算边界,分别构建采用A-D-E-RC法制浆联合生物质热电联产与常规碱法制浆联合燃煤热电联产的能量与碳排放模型。通过物流平衡及排放因子法联合实测数据测算出2种制浆联合厂的能耗及碳排放。结果表明,采用A-D-E-RC法制浆联合...基于相同的核算边界,分别构建采用A-D-E-RC法制浆联合生物质热电联产与常规碱法制浆联合燃煤热电联产的能量与碳排放模型。通过物流平衡及排放因子法联合实测数据测算出2种制浆联合厂的能耗及碳排放。结果表明,采用A-D-E-RC法制浆联合生物质热电联产工厂的单位产品能耗比常规碱法制浆联合工厂降低了26.8%。其中,碱回收单元降低了51.2%的能耗。采用A-D-E-RC法制浆联合生物质热电联产的单位产品碳排放量为1.72 t CO_(2)/Adt,且93.6%为生物质碳,总碳排放下降了31.6%,表明采用A-D-E-RC法制浆联合生物质热电联产具有显著的节能减排效应,为促进制浆联合企业的绿色可持续发展提供新的策略。展开更多
基金Projects 2004CB217701 supported by the National Basic Research Program of China 2005-1 by the Scientific Research Foundation of the Ministry ofEducation of Hebei Province
文摘Several typical ash samples from a 0.25 MW test furnace fired black liquor coal slurry were selected for investigation. The phases and compounds containing sodium in ash samples were acquired from X-ray diffraction analyses. As well, detailed analyses of the amounts of major mineral elements along thickness gradients of representative ash samples were carried out. The elements, including Na, Si, A1, S and C1 were analyzed by the advanced electron probe microanalyzer equipment, which provid evidence and interpretation for the analytical results of XRD. The findings indicate that the occurrence form of sodium has experi- enced important changes during the combustion of black liquor coal slurry, which translated into nepheline, thenardite, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium silicoaluminate, hanyne and other phases containing sodium, from NaOH, Na2CO3 and Na2S in raw fuel. Of all the sodium compounds, nepheline, thenardite and sodium sulfate are the most important forms of Na in solid com- bustion residues. Such a transformation of Na during the combustion of black liquor coal slurry resulted in a considerable impact on ash deposition and is not only different from the raw coal and papermaldng black liquors, but is also affected by local circum- stances in the combustion furnace. Amounts of Na, S and C1 in ash deposits from low temperature zones were larger than those from high temperature zones. Our findings should provide important theoretical instructions for industrial applications of black liquor coal slurry.
基金Sponsored by the Ministerial Level Advanced Research Foundation(20060013)
文摘Combining the characteristics of the black pulping liquor that contains a lot of lignin and other biomass resources, the technology of comprehensive waste utilization is employed. The reconstructive preparation of modified urea-formaldehyde glue by adding black pulping liquor and the application in extruding the medium density fibre board using this modified urea-formaldehyde glue is researched. Results show that when applying the preparation technology that alkaline reaction and then weak acid reaction, the appropriate preparation process is as follows： the adding urea process is divided into three stages （proportion 2 ： 1 ： 1） ; the pH value is 8.0, and the reaction time is 40 min in the addition reaction stage; the pH value will be naturally reduced to 3.5 -5.0, and the reaction time is 45 min in the aggregation reaction stage; the pH value is 8.0 in the urea complement stage. And the optimal condition of the reconstructive preparation the modified ureaformaldehyde glue is adding the condensed black pulping liquor after hydroxymethylation in the beginning of polycondensation reaction by 5% proportion. The application in extruding medium density fibre board with this modified urea-fosmaldehyde glue is proved feasible.
基金This work was supported by the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2017A030312005)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou City(201707010058).
文摘Environmentally friendly and energy saving treatment of black liquor(BL),a massively produced waste in Kraft papermaking process,still remains a big challenge.Here,by adopting a NieCaOeCa_(12)Al_(14)O_(33) bifunctional catalyst derived from hydrotalcite-like materials,we demonstrate the feasibility of producing high-purity H_(2)(~96%)with 0.9 mol H_(2) mol^(-1) C yield via the sorption enhanced steam reforming(SESR)of BL.The SESRBL performance in terms of H_(2) production maintained stable for 5 cycles,but declined from the 6th cycle.XRD,Raman spectroscopy,elemental analysis and energy dispersive techniques were employed to rationalize the deactivation of the catalyst.It was revealed that gradual sintering and agglomeration of Ni and CaO and associated coking played important roles in catalyst deactivation and performance degradation of SESRBL,while deposition of Na and K from the BL might also be responsible for the declined performance.On the other hand,it was demonstrated that the SESRBL process could effectively reduce the emission of sulfur species by storing it as CaSO_(3).Our results highlight a promising alternative for BL treatment and H_(2) production,thereby being beneficial for pollution control and environment governance in the context of mitigation of climate change.
文摘基于相同的核算边界,分别构建采用A-D-E-RC法制浆联合生物质热电联产与常规碱法制浆联合燃煤热电联产的能量与碳排放模型。通过物流平衡及排放因子法联合实测数据测算出2种制浆联合厂的能耗及碳排放。结果表明,采用A-D-E-RC法制浆联合生物质热电联产工厂的单位产品能耗比常规碱法制浆联合工厂降低了26.8%。其中,碱回收单元降低了51.2%的能耗。采用A-D-E-RC法制浆联合生物质热电联产的单位产品碳排放量为1.72 t CO_(2)/Adt,且93.6%为生物质碳,总碳排放下降了31.6%,表明采用A-D-E-RC法制浆联合生物质热电联产具有显著的节能减排效应,为促进制浆联合企业的绿色可持续发展提供新的策略。
