Cognitive bias,stemming from electronic measurement error and variability in human perception,exists in cognitive electronic warfare and affects the outcomes of conflicts.In this paper,the dynamic game approach is emp...Cognitive bias,stemming from electronic measurement error and variability in human perception,exists in cognitive electronic warfare and affects the outcomes of conflicts.In this paper,the dynamic game approach is employed to develop a model for cognitive bias induced by incomplete information and measurement errors in cognitive radar countermeasures.The payoffs for both parties are calculated using the radar's anti-jamming strategy matrix A and the jammer's jamming strategy matrix B.With perfect Bayesian equilibrium,a dynamic radar countermeasure model is established,and the impact of cognitive bias is analyzed.Drawing inspiration from the cognitive bias analysis method used in stock market trading,a cognitive bias model for cognitive radar countermeasures is introduced,and its correctness is mathematically proved.A gaming scenario involving the AN/SPY-1 radar and a smart jammer is set up to analyze the influence of cognitive bias on game outcomes.Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
High-quality antiferromagnetic(AFM)θ-phase manganese nitride(MnN)films were successfully grown on MgO(001)substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy.Structural analysis confirms the high-quality MnN film ha...High-quality antiferromagnetic(AFM)θ-phase manganese nitride(MnN)films were successfully grown on MgO(001)substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy.Structural analysis confirms the high-quality MnN film has a tetragonal distortion with a c/a ratio of~0.98.The film exhibits exceptional stability in both aqueous and ambient conditions,which is a crucial factor for practical applications.Electrical transport reveals its metallic behavior with an upturn at low temperatures,which could be attributed to the Kondo effect originated from nitrogen vacancy-induced magnetic impurities.Room temperature exchange bias has been demonstrated in a MnN/CoFeB heterostructure,verifying the AFM ordering of MnN.Considering its high Néel temperature~650 K,superior stability,and low-cost,this work highlights the epitaxial MnN films as a promising candidate for AFM spintronic applications.展开更多
The tracking, telemetry and command （TT＆C） mission is extremely reliable for its characters of small time horizon and high redundancy. The combined forcing and failure biasing （CFFB） method that is usually used f...The tracking, telemetry and command （TT＆C） mission is extremely reliable for its characters of small time horizon and high redundancy. The combined forcing and failure biasing （CFFB） method that is usually used for simulating the unreliability of the highly dependable mission system seems not so efficient for the TT＆C mission. The concept about the importance of failure transition is proposed based on the logical relationship between TT＆C mission and its involved resources. Then, the importance is used for readjusting the transition rate of the failure transition when using the forcing and failure biasing during the simulation. Examples show that the improved CFFB method can evidently increase the occurrence of the TT＆C mission failure event and decrease the sample variance. More redundancy of the TT＆C mission leads to the improved CFFB method more efficient.展开更多
为了提升便携式近红外仪器中单一水果模型应用的广泛性,创新性的将不同仪器间模型传递的思想应用在不同种类水果间可溶性固形物(soluble solid content,SSC)的模型传递。基于苹果、梨、桃三种水果在SSC含量范围、果型大小以及果皮厚度...为了提升便携式近红外仪器中单一水果模型应用的广泛性,创新性的将不同仪器间模型传递的思想应用在不同种类水果间可溶性固形物(soluble solid content,SSC)的模型传递。基于苹果、梨、桃三种水果在SSC含量范围、果型大小以及果皮厚度等的相近物理化学特性,提出利用简单的斜率/截距(Slope/Bias)算法对苹果SSC的偏最小二乘(partial least square,PLS)模型进行传递,仅用少量的梨和桃样品即可将苹果SSC模型应用于其SSC值的预测,更快捷方便且节约成本。对于梨样品,用35个标准样品,预测集均方根误差(root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)值由直接预测的1.009°Brix降为0.565°Brix;对于桃样品,用40个标准样品,RMSEP由直接预测的1.726°Brix降为0.677°Brix。为了验证该模型传递方法的可行性,通过斜率/截距算法,采用梨和桃模型对其他两种水果的SSC进行预测,其中利用建立的梨SSC模型,经斜率/截距算法模型传递后,对于苹果样品,用30个标准样品,RMSEP值达到0.597°Brix,对于桃样品,用40个标准样品,RMSEP值达到0.689°Brix;利用建立的桃SSC模型,经斜率/截距算法模型传递后,对于苹果样品,用35个标准样品,RMSEP值达到0.654°Brix,对于梨样品,用30个标准样品,RMSEP值达到0.439°Brix。研究结果表明:斜率/截距(Slope/Bias)方法可用于苹果、梨、桃等相近种类水果间的模型传递,为近红外光谱仪在相似种类物质间的预测提供了新思路。展开更多
According to the infrared guidance ammunition(GA)attacking non-maneuvering targets on the ground or sea level,an improved bias proportional navigation(IBPN) is put forward,which can meet the constraints of the impact ...According to the infrared guidance ammunition(GA)attacking non-maneuvering targets on the ground or sea level,an improved bias proportional navigation(IBPN) is put forward,which can meet the constraints of the impact angle and the angle of attack(AOA). The motion equations and the collision triangle for the GA and the target are established in the two-dimensional plane. In accordance with the collision triangle, the integral value of the bias term is solved and BPN is designed on the basis of the relative velocity. To ensure the new method can be solved, closedloop equation of the IBPN is deduced. Considering the limitation of the AOA and the seeker angle, a four-phase IBPN is improved by setting different phases of the bias term. At the same time, the guidance law will make the impact angle achieve the desired angle and the normal acceleration also converges to zero. The simulation results show that the improved guidance law can be applied to various flight tasks and has great potential for engineering applications.展开更多
Because the signals of global positioning system （GPS） satellites are susceptible to obstructions in urban environment with many high buildings around, the number of GPS useful satellites is usually less than six. I...Because the signals of global positioning system （GPS） satellites are susceptible to obstructions in urban environment with many high buildings around, the number of GPS useful satellites is usually less than six. In this case, the receiver autonomous integrity monitoring （RAIM） method earmot exclude faulty satellite. In order to improve the performance of RAIM method and obtain the reliable positioning results with five satellites, the series of receiver clock bias （RCB） is regarded as one useful satellite and used to aid RAIM method. From the point of nonlinear series, a grey-Markov model for predicting the RCB series based on grey theory and Markov chain is presented. And then the model is used for aiding RAIM method in order to exclude faulty satellite. Experimental results demonstrate that the prediction model is fit for predicting the RCB series, and with the clock-based RAIM method the faulty satellite can be correctly excluded and the positioning precision of GPS receiver can be improved for the case where there are only five useful satellites.展开更多
The track association problem of radar and electronic support measure （ESM） has been considered in the literature for several years. This problem is crucial for radar-to-ESM track fusion and is complicated by the pr...The track association problem of radar and electronic support measure （ESM） has been considered in the literature for several years. This problem is crucial for radar-to-ESM track fusion and is complicated by the presence of individual systematic errors and measurement errors. In order to improve the track association of radar and ESM sensors, a pseudo-linear filtering algorithm is proposed to estimate the target states and improve the stability of the filter. It is found that, however, the correct probability of radar- to-ESM track association decreases as the radar measurement error decreases, when the pseudo-linear filter is used for ESM sensor filtering. In view of the strange phenomenon, this paper analyzes the reason for it by using the statistic theory and further performs Monte Carlo simulation to verify the analysis.展开更多
This paper presents a fault diagnosis method for process faults and sensor faults in a class of nonlinear uncertain systems.The fault detection and isolation architecture consists of a fault detection estimator and a ...This paper presents a fault diagnosis method for process faults and sensor faults in a class of nonlinear uncertain systems.The fault detection and isolation architecture consists of a fault detection estimator and a bank of adaptive isolation estimators,each corresponding to a particular fault type.Adaptive thresholds for fault detection and isolation are presented.Fault detectability conditions characterizing the class of process faults and sensor faults that are detectable by the presented method are derived.A simulation example of robotic arm is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the fault diagnosis method.展开更多
The optimality of two-stage state estimation with ARMA model random bias is studiedin this paper. Firstly, the optimal augmented state Kalman filter is given; Secondly, the two-stageKalman estimator is designed. Final...The optimality of two-stage state estimation with ARMA model random bias is studiedin this paper. Firstly, the optimal augmented state Kalman filter is given; Secondly, the two-stageKalman estimator is designed. Finally, under an algebraic constraint condition, the equivalencebetween the two-stage Kalman estimator and the optimal augmented state Kalman filter is proved.Thereby, the algebraic constraint conditions of optimal two-stage state estimation in the presence ofARMA model random bias are given.展开更多
为探索残障人士在旅游景区就业的可能性,应用刻板印象研究中的BIAS Map(Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes Map)模型,基于对多个景区游客的问卷调查,运用方差分析和线性回归,剖析游客对旅游景区残障员工的态度及群际接...为探索残障人士在旅游景区就业的可能性,应用刻板印象研究中的BIAS Map(Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes Map)模型,基于对多个景区游客的问卷调查,运用方差分析和线性回归,剖析游客对旅游景区残障员工的态度及群际接触因素对游客态度的影响。研究表明,从游客态度角度看,残障人士在旅游景区工作有其可能性。其原因是:游客对旅游景区雇佣的残障员工总体上持高热情、低能力的刻板印象,会唤醒游客对残障员工的钦佩情绪及采取被动助长残障员工的行为;在排除人口统计特征的影响下,接受过残障人士的服务、与残障人士高频率接触会显著唤醒游客对残障员工的积极情绪。建议强化地方政府在促进残障人士就业过程中的主导作用,倡导景区雇佣残障人士,重视“全国助残日”等节日契机,促进公众与残障群体多方式、高频率的接触,从而减少社会偏见,构建和谐社会。展开更多
The horizontal block stripe,as an image quality defect,was analyzed by means of output signals and bias voltage stress(BVS)test.The results showed that the defect was correlated with discharging efficiency.Further,two...The horizontal block stripe,as an image quality defect,was analyzed by means of output signals and bias voltage stress(BVS)test.The results showed that the defect was correlated with discharging efficiency.Further,two approaches were proposed,one was to improve TFT characteristic,the other was to add reset function.The combined experiments indicated that discharging promotion can improve the defect.Especially the latter is most optimal to eliminate the phenomenon.展开更多
The noise of closed loop micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS) capacitive accelerometer is treated as one of the significant performance specifications.Traditional optimization of noise performance often focuses on de...The noise of closed loop micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS) capacitive accelerometer is treated as one of the significant performance specifications.Traditional optimization of noise performance often focuses on designing large capacitive sensitivity accelerometer and applying closed loop structure to shape total noise,but different noise sources in closed loop and their behaviors at low frequencies are seldom carefully studied,especially their behaviors with different electronic parameters.In this work,a thorough noise analysis is established focusing on the four noise sources transfer functions near 0 Hz with simplified electronic parameters in closed loop,and it is found that the total electronic noise equivalent acceleration varies differently at different frequency points,such that the noise spectrum shape at low frequencies can be altered from 1/f noise-like shape to flat spectrum shape.The bias instability changes as a consequence.With appropriate parameters settings,the 670 Hz resonant frequency accelerometer can reach resolution of 2.6 μg/(Hz)1/2 at 2 Hz and 6 μg bias instability,and 1300 Hz accelerometer can achieve 5μg/(Hz)1/2 at 2 Hz and 31 μg bias instability.Both accelerometers have flat spectrum profile from 2 Hz to 15 Hz.展开更多
Adaptive antenna arrays have been used to mitigate the interference on global navigation satellite system（GNSS） receivers. The performance of interference mitigation depends on the beamforming algorithms adopted by ...Adaptive antenna arrays have been used to mitigate the interference on global navigation satellite system（GNSS） receivers. The performance of interference mitigation depends on the beamforming algorithms adopted by the antenna array. However,the adaptive beamforming will change the array pattern in realtime, which has the potential to introduce phase center biases into the antenna array. For precise applications, these phase biases must be mitigated or compensated because they will bring errors in code phase and carrier phase measurements. A novel adaptive beamforming algorithm is proposed firstly, then the phase bias induced by the proposed algorithm is estimated, and finally a compensation strategy is addressed. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed beamforming algorithm suppresses effectively the strong interference and improves significantly the capturing performance of GNSS signals. Simultaneously, the bias compensation method avoids the loss of the carrier phase lock and reduces the phase measurement errors for GNSS receivers.展开更多
The character of Sn-Bi plating chips,such as the effect of whisker preventing, solder ability,temperature cycle(T/C) test and thermal humidity bias(THB) test result was introduced.The research result shows that the Sn...The character of Sn-Bi plating chips,such as the effect of whisker preventing, solder ability,temperature cycle(T/C) test and thermal humidity bias(THB) test result was introduced.The research result shows that the Sn-Bi plating chips have good effect of prevent whisker from growing,these chips can pass the T/C test and THB test.展开更多
A signal probability and activity probability (SPAP) model was proposed firstly, to estimate the impacts of the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) on power ga...A signal probability and activity probability (SPAP) model was proposed firstly, to estimate the impacts of the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) on power gated static random access memory (SRAM). The experiment results show that PBTI has significant influence on the read and write operations of SRAM with power gating, and it deteriorates the NBTI effects and results in a up to 39.38% static noise margin reduction and a 35.7% write margin degradation together with NBTI after 106 s working time. Then, a circuit level simulation was used to verify the assumption of the SPAP model, and finally the statistic data of CPU2000 benchmarks show that the proposed model has a reduction of 3.85% for estimation of the SNM degradation after 106 s working time compared with previous work.展开更多
Many safety-critical applications that utilize the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) demand highly accurate positioning information, as well as highly integrity and reliability. Due to GNSS signals are easily ...Many safety-critical applications that utilize the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) demand highly accurate positioning information, as well as highly integrity and reliability. Due to GNSS signals are easily distorted by the interferences or disturbances, the signal quality monitoring (SQM) is necessary to detect the presence of dangerous signal distortions. In this paper, we developed an SQM software for binary offset carrier (BOC) modulated navigation signals. Firstly, the models of BOC signal with ideal and distortion are presented respectively. Then the architecture of SQM software is proposed. Moreover, the effect of the white gaussian noise (WGN) and the front-end filter on the correlation peak of the receiver is analyzed. Finally, the biases induced by the signal distortion are evaluated. The experiments simulate the relationships between the code phase shift and the normalized correlation value in the case of the signal digital distortion and the analog distortion. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SQM method can effectively monitor the signal distortion and accurately estimate the correlation peak deviation caused by the distortion.展开更多
文摘Cognitive bias,stemming from electronic measurement error and variability in human perception,exists in cognitive electronic warfare and affects the outcomes of conflicts.In this paper,the dynamic game approach is employed to develop a model for cognitive bias induced by incomplete information and measurement errors in cognitive radar countermeasures.The payoffs for both parties are calculated using the radar's anti-jamming strategy matrix A and the jammer's jamming strategy matrix B.With perfect Bayesian equilibrium,a dynamic radar countermeasure model is established,and the impact of cognitive bias is analyzed.Drawing inspiration from the cognitive bias analysis method used in stock market trading,a cognitive bias model for cognitive radar countermeasures is introduced,and its correctness is mathematically proved.A gaming scenario involving the AN/SPY-1 radar and a smart jammer is set up to analyze the influence of cognitive bias on game outcomes.Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘High-quality antiferromagnetic(AFM)θ-phase manganese nitride(MnN)films were successfully grown on MgO(001)substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy.Structural analysis confirms the high-quality MnN film has a tetragonal distortion with a c/a ratio of~0.98.The film exhibits exceptional stability in both aqueous and ambient conditions,which is a crucial factor for practical applications.Electrical transport reveals its metallic behavior with an upturn at low temperatures,which could be attributed to the Kondo effect originated from nitrogen vacancy-induced magnetic impurities.Room temperature exchange bias has been demonstrated in a MnN/CoFeB heterostructure,verifying the AFM ordering of MnN.Considering its high Néel temperature~650 K,superior stability,and low-cost,this work highlights the epitaxial MnN films as a promising candidate for AFM spintronic applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71071159)
文摘The tracking, telemetry and command （TT＆C） mission is extremely reliable for its characters of small time horizon and high redundancy. The combined forcing and failure biasing （CFFB） method that is usually used for simulating the unreliability of the highly dependable mission system seems not so efficient for the TT＆C mission. The concept about the importance of failure transition is proposed based on the logical relationship between TT＆C mission and its involved resources. Then, the importance is used for readjusting the transition rate of the failure transition when using the forcing and failure biasing during the simulation. Examples show that the improved CFFB method can evidently increase the occurrence of the TT＆C mission failure event and decrease the sample variance. More redundancy of the TT＆C mission leads to the improved CFFB method more efficient.
文摘为了提升便携式近红外仪器中单一水果模型应用的广泛性,创新性的将不同仪器间模型传递的思想应用在不同种类水果间可溶性固形物(soluble solid content,SSC)的模型传递。基于苹果、梨、桃三种水果在SSC含量范围、果型大小以及果皮厚度等的相近物理化学特性,提出利用简单的斜率/截距(Slope/Bias)算法对苹果SSC的偏最小二乘(partial least square,PLS)模型进行传递,仅用少量的梨和桃样品即可将苹果SSC模型应用于其SSC值的预测,更快捷方便且节约成本。对于梨样品,用35个标准样品,预测集均方根误差(root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)值由直接预测的1.009°Brix降为0.565°Brix;对于桃样品,用40个标准样品,RMSEP由直接预测的1.726°Brix降为0.677°Brix。为了验证该模型传递方法的可行性,通过斜率/截距算法,采用梨和桃模型对其他两种水果的SSC进行预测,其中利用建立的梨SSC模型,经斜率/截距算法模型传递后,对于苹果样品,用30个标准样品,RMSEP值达到0.597°Brix,对于桃样品,用40个标准样品,RMSEP值达到0.689°Brix;利用建立的桃SSC模型,经斜率/截距算法模型传递后,对于苹果样品,用35个标准样品,RMSEP值达到0.654°Brix,对于梨样品,用30个标准样品,RMSEP值达到0.439°Brix。研究结果表明:斜率/截距(Slope/Bias)方法可用于苹果、梨、桃等相近种类水果间的模型传递,为近红外光谱仪在相似种类物质间的预测提供了新思路。
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2013T60923)
文摘According to the infrared guidance ammunition(GA)attacking non-maneuvering targets on the ground or sea level,an improved bias proportional navigation(IBPN) is put forward,which can meet the constraints of the impact angle and the angle of attack(AOA). The motion equations and the collision triangle for the GA and the target are established in the two-dimensional plane. In accordance with the collision triangle, the integral value of the bias term is solved and BPN is designed on the basis of the relative velocity. To ensure the new method can be solved, closedloop equation of the IBPN is deduced. Considering the limitation of the AOA and the seeker angle, a four-phase IBPN is improved by setting different phases of the bias term. At the same time, the guidance law will make the impact angle achieve the desired angle and the normal acceleration also converges to zero. The simulation results show that the improved guidance law can be applied to various flight tasks and has great potential for engineering applications.
基金Project(20090580013) supported by the Aeronautic Science Foundation of ChinaProject(ZYGX2010J119) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Because the signals of global positioning system （GPS） satellites are susceptible to obstructions in urban environment with many high buildings around, the number of GPS useful satellites is usually less than six. In this case, the receiver autonomous integrity monitoring （RAIM） method earmot exclude faulty satellite. In order to improve the performance of RAIM method and obtain the reliable positioning results with five satellites, the series of receiver clock bias （RCB） is regarded as one useful satellite and used to aid RAIM method. From the point of nonlinear series, a grey-Markov model for predicting the RCB series based on grey theory and Markov chain is presented. And then the model is used for aiding RAIM method in order to exclude faulty satellite. Experimental results demonstrate that the prediction model is fit for predicting the RCB series, and with the clock-based RAIM method the faulty satellite can be correctly excluded and the positioning precision of GPS receiver can be improved for the case where there are only five useful satellites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (609721596103200161002006)
文摘The track association problem of radar and electronic support measure （ESM） has been considered in the literature for several years. This problem is crucial for radar-to-ESM track fusion and is complicated by the presence of individual systematic errors and measurement errors. In order to improve the track association of radar and ESM sensors, a pseudo-linear filtering algorithm is proposed to estimate the target states and improve the stability of the filter. It is found that, however, the correct probability of radar- to-ESM track association decreases as the radar measurement error decreases, when the pseudo-linear filter is used for ESM sensor filtering. In view of the strange phenomenon, this paper analyzes the reason for it by using the statistic theory and further performs Monte Carlo simulation to verify the analysis.
文摘This paper presents a fault diagnosis method for process faults and sensor faults in a class of nonlinear uncertain systems.The fault detection and isolation architecture consists of a fault detection estimator and a bank of adaptive isolation estimators,each corresponding to a particular fault type.Adaptive thresholds for fault detection and isolation are presented.Fault detectability conditions characterizing the class of process faults and sensor faults that are detectable by the presented method are derived.A simulation example of robotic arm is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the fault diagnosis method.
文摘The optimality of two-stage state estimation with ARMA model random bias is studiedin this paper. Firstly, the optimal augmented state Kalman filter is given; Secondly, the two-stageKalman estimator is designed. Finally, under an algebraic constraint condition, the equivalencebetween the two-stage Kalman estimator and the optimal augmented state Kalman filter is proved.Thereby, the algebraic constraint conditions of optimal two-stage state estimation in the presence ofARMA model random bias are given.
文摘为探索残障人士在旅游景区就业的可能性,应用刻板印象研究中的BIAS Map(Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes Map)模型,基于对多个景区游客的问卷调查,运用方差分析和线性回归,剖析游客对旅游景区残障员工的态度及群际接触因素对游客态度的影响。研究表明,从游客态度角度看,残障人士在旅游景区工作有其可能性。其原因是:游客对旅游景区雇佣的残障员工总体上持高热情、低能力的刻板印象,会唤醒游客对残障员工的钦佩情绪及采取被动助长残障员工的行为;在排除人口统计特征的影响下,接受过残障人士的服务、与残障人士高频率接触会显著唤醒游客对残障员工的积极情绪。建议强化地方政府在促进残障人士就业过程中的主导作用,倡导景区雇佣残障人士,重视“全国助残日”等节日契机,促进公众与残障群体多方式、高频率的接触,从而减少社会偏见,构建和谐社会。
文摘The horizontal block stripe,as an image quality defect,was analyzed by means of output signals and bias voltage stress(BVS)test.The results showed that the defect was correlated with discharging efficiency.Further,two approaches were proposed,one was to improve TFT characteristic,the other was to add reset function.The combined experiments indicated that discharging promotion can improve the defect.Especially the latter is most optimal to eliminate the phenomenon.
基金Project(61404122)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The noise of closed loop micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS) capacitive accelerometer is treated as one of the significant performance specifications.Traditional optimization of noise performance often focuses on designing large capacitive sensitivity accelerometer and applying closed loop structure to shape total noise,but different noise sources in closed loop and their behaviors at low frequencies are seldom carefully studied,especially their behaviors with different electronic parameters.In this work,a thorough noise analysis is established focusing on the four noise sources transfer functions near 0 Hz with simplified electronic parameters in closed loop,and it is found that the total electronic noise equivalent acceleration varies differently at different frequency points,such that the noise spectrum shape at low frequencies can be altered from 1/f noise-like shape to flat spectrum shape.The bias instability changes as a consequence.With appropriate parameters settings,the 670 Hz resonant frequency accelerometer can reach resolution of 2.6 μg/(Hz)1/2 at 2 Hz and 6 μg bias instability,and 1300 Hz accelerometer can achieve 5μg/(Hz)1/2 at 2 Hz and 31 μg bias instability.Both accelerometers have flat spectrum profile from 2 Hz to 15 Hz.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61301094)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2014M552490)
文摘Adaptive antenna arrays have been used to mitigate the interference on global navigation satellite system（GNSS） receivers. The performance of interference mitigation depends on the beamforming algorithms adopted by the antenna array. However,the adaptive beamforming will change the array pattern in realtime, which has the potential to introduce phase center biases into the antenna array. For precise applications, these phase biases must be mitigated or compensated because they will bring errors in code phase and carrier phase measurements. A novel adaptive beamforming algorithm is proposed firstly, then the phase bias induced by the proposed algorithm is estimated, and finally a compensation strategy is addressed. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed beamforming algorithm suppresses effectively the strong interference and improves significantly the capturing performance of GNSS signals. Simultaneously, the bias compensation method avoids the loss of the carrier phase lock and reduces the phase measurement errors for GNSS receivers.
文摘The character of Sn-Bi plating chips,such as the effect of whisker preventing, solder ability,temperature cycle(T/C) test and thermal humidity bias(THB) test result was introduced.The research result shows that the Sn-Bi plating chips have good effect of prevent whisker from growing,these chips can pass the T/C test and THB test.
基金Projects(60873016, 61170083) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20114307110001) supported by the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China
文摘A signal probability and activity probability (SPAP) model was proposed firstly, to estimate the impacts of the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) on power gated static random access memory (SRAM). The experiment results show that PBTI has significant influence on the read and write operations of SRAM with power gating, and it deteriorates the NBTI effects and results in a up to 39.38% static noise margin reduction and a 35.7% write margin degradation together with NBTI after 106 s working time. Then, a circuit level simulation was used to verify the assumption of the SPAP model, and finally the statistic data of CPU2000 benchmarks show that the proposed model has a reduction of 3.85% for estimation of the SNM degradation after 106 s working time compared with previous work.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61771393 61571368)
文摘Many safety-critical applications that utilize the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) demand highly accurate positioning information, as well as highly integrity and reliability. Due to GNSS signals are easily distorted by the interferences or disturbances, the signal quality monitoring (SQM) is necessary to detect the presence of dangerous signal distortions. In this paper, we developed an SQM software for binary offset carrier (BOC) modulated navigation signals. Firstly, the models of BOC signal with ideal and distortion are presented respectively. Then the architecture of SQM software is proposed. Moreover, the effect of the white gaussian noise (WGN) and the front-end filter on the correlation peak of the receiver is analyzed. Finally, the biases induced by the signal distortion are evaluated. The experiments simulate the relationships between the code phase shift and the normalized correlation value in the case of the signal digital distortion and the analog distortion. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SQM method can effectively monitor the signal distortion and accurately estimate the correlation peak deviation caused by the distortion.
