The aerobic granular sludge was cultivated in a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor （SBR）, and some of the granules were stored at 8 ℃ for 150 d. Extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） of sludge samples were e...The aerobic granular sludge was cultivated in a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor （SBR）, and some of the granules were stored at 8 ℃ for 150 d. Extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） of sludge samples were extracted and analyzed during the granulation and storage process. The results show that the contents of protein and EPS increase along with the granulation process, while polysaccharides remain almost unchanged. The content of protein in EPS is almost two-fold larger than that of polysaccharides in granular sludge cultivated with municipal wastewater. Moreover, some of the granules disintegrate during storage, corresponding to the decrease of protein contents in EPS. Three peaks are identified in three-dimensional excitation emission matrix （EEM） fluorescence spectra of the EPS in the aerobic granules. Two peaks （A and B） are attributed to the protein-like fluorophores, and the third （peak C） is related to visible fulvic-like substances. Peak A gradually disappears during storage, while a new peak related to ultraviolet fulvic acid （peak D） is formed. The formation and the stability of aerobic granules are closely dependent on the quantity and composition of EPS proteins. Peak C has no obvious changes during granulation, while the fulvic-like substances present an increase in fluorescence intensities during storage, accompanied with an increase in structural complexity. The fulvie-like substances are also associated with the disintegration of the aerobic granules.展开更多
Combined technology of SDS-CuO/TiO2 photocatalysis and sequencing batch reactor （SBR） were applied to treating dyestuff wastewater. Photocatalysis was carried out in a spiral up-flow type reactor as pre-treatment. S...Combined technology of SDS-CuO/TiO2 photocatalysis and sequencing batch reactor （SBR） were applied to treating dyestuff wastewater. Photocatalysis was carried out in a spiral up-flow type reactor as pre-treatment. SDS-CuO/TiO2 photocatalyst was prepared by modification of nano-TiO2 using CuO and sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS）. Results show that the SDS-CuO/TiO2 photocatalyst contains two kinds of crystals, including TiO2 and CuO. The band gap of this photocatalyst is 1.56 eV, indicating that it can be excited by visible light （2〈794.87 nm）. And characterization also shows that there are alkyl groups on its surface. It takes 40 rain to improve the biodegradability of dyestuff wastewater. Five-day biochemical oxygen demand （BODs） and dehydrogenase activity （DHA） of wastewater reach the maximum value when dissolved oxygen is higher than 2.97 mg/L. SBR reactor was used to treat this biodegradability improved wastewater. Chemical oxygen demand （COD） and colority decline to 72 mg/L and 20 times, respectively, when the sludge loading is 0.179 kg（COD）/[kg（MLSS）＇d], dissolved oxygen is 4.09 mg/L and aeration time is 10 h.展开更多
Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the transformation and performance of a granular sequence batch reactor(SBR) under the conventional organic loading rate(OLR) condition.Aerobic granules were succes...Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the transformation and performance of a granular sequence batch reactor(SBR) under the conventional organic loading rate(OLR) condition.Aerobic granules were successfully cultivated in a SBR by means of alternative feeding load combined with reducing settling time after 60 d operational period.Subsequently,the black fungal granules were presented in reactor because of the filamentous overgrowth on the surface of aerobic granules.A small amount of fungal granules had no effect on the performance of granular SBR.Aerobic granules completely vanished and fungal granules eventually became the dominant species in subsequent 90 d operation after granulation.The three-dimensional excitation emission matrix(EEM) spectra result shows that the extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) component in both granules has no much difference,whereas the content of EPS in fungal granules is higher than that in bacterial granules.Due to their low bioactivity,the chemical oxidation demand(COD) and NH4-N removal efficiencies gradually decrease from 90.4%–96.5% and 99.5% to 71.8% and 32.9% respectively while the fungal granules become dominant in the SBR.展开更多
Batch to batch temperature control of a semi-batch chemical reactor with heating/cooling system was discussed in this study. Without extensive modeling investigations, a two-dimensional(2D) general predictive iterativ...Batch to batch temperature control of a semi-batch chemical reactor with heating/cooling system was discussed in this study. Without extensive modeling investigations, a two-dimensional(2D) general predictive iterative learning control(2D-MGPILC) strategy based on the multi-model with time-varying weights was introduced for optimizing the tracking performance of desired temperature profile. This strategy was modeled based on an iterative learning control(ILC) algorithm for a 2D system and designed in the generalized predictive control(GPC) framework. Firstly, a multi-model structure with time-varying weights was developed to describe the complex operation of a general semi-batch reactor. Secondly, the 2 D-MGPILC algorithm was proposed to optimize simultaneously the dynamic performance along the time and batch axes. Finally, simulation for the controller design of a semi-batch reactor with multiple reactions was involved to demonstrate that the satisfactory performance could be achieved despite of the repetitive or non-repetitive disturbances.展开更多
High salinity industrial wastewater is difficult to treat using biological treatment system because of the high concentrations of salt.The potential of a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)process in treating synth...High salinity industrial wastewater is difficult to treat using biological treatment system because of the high concentrations of salt.The potential of a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)process in treating synthetic high salinity wastewater was evaluated at laboratory scale during a 110-day operation.The reactor was operated in a 12 h cycle,and each cycle consisted of 0.25 h influent addition,8 h aeration,3 h anoxic reaction,0.5 h sedimentation and 0.25 h effluent withdrawal.Gradual increase in salinity gradient was applied during the acclimatization period.The acclimated SBBR system was demonstrated to be an effective process to remove organic compounds and ammonia nitrogen under high salinity conditions with chemical oxygen demand(COD)and ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)removal efficiencies of 88% and 80%,respectively.The microscopic examination indicated that rather than rotifers or vorticella,the zoogloea,filamentous fungus mingled with a small quantity of swimming infusorians were dominant bacteria in SBBR system.The removal efficiencies close to 80% in COD and 75% in NH3-N were achieved at an organic loading rate(OLR)of 0.96 kg COD/(m3·d),pH of 7.0,salinity of 14 g/L and NH3-N of 30 mg/L.展开更多
本文研究了好氧阶段溶解氧(DO)浓度对序批式反应器(SBR)脱氮性能、生物酶活性、微生物群落和氮代谢功能基因的影响。随着好氧阶段DO浓度从5~6 mg/L降低至2~3 mg/L,SBR活性污泥系统的硝化速率和硝化酶活性逐渐降低,而反硝化速率和反硝化...本文研究了好氧阶段溶解氧(DO)浓度对序批式反应器(SBR)脱氮性能、生物酶活性、微生物群落和氮代谢功能基因的影响。随着好氧阶段DO浓度从5~6 mg/L降低至2~3 mg/L,SBR活性污泥系统的硝化速率和硝化酶活性逐渐降低,而反硝化速率和反硝化酶活性逐渐升高。宏基因组学分析表明,SBR活性污泥系统的微生物群落随好氧阶段DO浓度的下降发生明显变化,典型硝化菌属的相对丰度逐渐减少,而多种反硝化菌属的相对丰度逐渐增加。氮代谢过程中,好氧阶段DO浓度的降低抑制了与硝化过程相关的功能基因和关键酶的相对丰度,而促进了与反硝化过程相关的功能基因和关键酶的相对丰度,从基因角度解释了SBR硝化性能降低和反硝化性能提升的原因。通过京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)数据库分析可知,好氧阶段DO浓度的降低对活性污泥系统的碳代谢过程产生明显的抑制作用,而对能量产生和电子转移过程有一定的促进作用。本研究深入探讨了好氧阶段DO浓度对SBR生物脱氮过程的影响,为SBR好氧阶段DO参数设置提供了理论依据。展开更多
构建光序批式反应器(PSBR)处理模拟生活污水,考察光合细菌投加量、pH值、光照强度和溶解氧(DO)对反应器污染物去除性能影响,通过16S r RNA测序技术揭示光合细菌对活性污泥微生物群落结构、功能和氮代谢通路的影响.结果表明:10%光合细菌...构建光序批式反应器(PSBR)处理模拟生活污水,考察光合细菌投加量、pH值、光照强度和溶解氧(DO)对反应器污染物去除性能影响,通过16S r RNA测序技术揭示光合细菌对活性污泥微生物群落结构、功能和氮代谢通路的影响.结果表明:10%光合细菌投加通过促进微生物种间协调功能使PSBR系统CODCr、NH_(4)^(+)-N和TN去除率提高,pH值、光照强度和DO分别为7、5000lux和3mg/L时,PSBR脱氮性能最好.光合细菌提高了活性污泥微生物多样性和丰富度,Proteobacteria菌门和norank_f__Saprospiraceae菌属相对丰度增多.光合细菌促进部分参与硝化过程和反硝化过程的功能基因(amo、hao和nap)和酶(AMO、HAO和NAP)丰度增加,活性污泥的整体氮代谢潜力得到提升.展开更多
基金Project(2006AA06Z318) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘The aerobic granular sludge was cultivated in a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor （SBR）, and some of the granules were stored at 8 ℃ for 150 d. Extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） of sludge samples were extracted and analyzed during the granulation and storage process. The results show that the contents of protein and EPS increase along with the granulation process, while polysaccharides remain almost unchanged. The content of protein in EPS is almost two-fold larger than that of polysaccharides in granular sludge cultivated with municipal wastewater. Moreover, some of the granules disintegrate during storage, corresponding to the decrease of protein contents in EPS. Three peaks are identified in three-dimensional excitation emission matrix （EEM） fluorescence spectra of the EPS in the aerobic granules. Two peaks （A and B） are attributed to the protein-like fluorophores, and the third （peak C） is related to visible fulvic-like substances. Peak A gradually disappears during storage, while a new peak related to ultraviolet fulvic acid （peak D） is formed. The formation and the stability of aerobic granules are closely dependent on the quantity and composition of EPS proteins. Peak C has no obvious changes during granulation, while the fulvic-like substances present an increase in fluorescence intensities during storage, accompanied with an increase in structural complexity. The fulvie-like substances are also associated with the disintegration of the aerobic granules.
基金Project(CDJZR11210009) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
文摘Combined technology of SDS-CuO/TiO2 photocatalysis and sequencing batch reactor （SBR） were applied to treating dyestuff wastewater. Photocatalysis was carried out in a spiral up-flow type reactor as pre-treatment. SDS-CuO/TiO2 photocatalyst was prepared by modification of nano-TiO2 using CuO and sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS）. Results show that the SDS-CuO/TiO2 photocatalyst contains two kinds of crystals, including TiO2 and CuO. The band gap of this photocatalyst is 1.56 eV, indicating that it can be excited by visible light （2〈794.87 nm）. And characterization also shows that there are alkyl groups on its surface. It takes 40 rain to improve the biodegradability of dyestuff wastewater. Five-day biochemical oxygen demand （BODs） and dehydrogenase activity （DHA） of wastewater reach the maximum value when dissolved oxygen is higher than 2.97 mg/L. SBR reactor was used to treat this biodegradability improved wastewater. Chemical oxygen demand （COD） and colority decline to 72 mg/L and 20 times, respectively, when the sludge loading is 0.179 kg（COD）/[kg（MLSS）＇d], dissolved oxygen is 4.09 mg/L and aeration time is 10 h.
基金Project(51078036) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the transformation and performance of a granular sequence batch reactor(SBR) under the conventional organic loading rate(OLR) condition.Aerobic granules were successfully cultivated in a SBR by means of alternative feeding load combined with reducing settling time after 60 d operational period.Subsequently,the black fungal granules were presented in reactor because of the filamentous overgrowth on the surface of aerobic granules.A small amount of fungal granules had no effect on the performance of granular SBR.Aerobic granules completely vanished and fungal granules eventually became the dominant species in subsequent 90 d operation after granulation.The three-dimensional excitation emission matrix(EEM) spectra result shows that the extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) component in both granules has no much difference,whereas the content of EPS in fungal granules is higher than that in bacterial granules.Due to their low bioactivity,the chemical oxidation demand(COD) and NH4-N removal efficiencies gradually decrease from 90.4%–96.5% and 99.5% to 71.8% and 32.9% respectively while the fungal granules become dominant in the SBR.
基金Projects(61673205,21727818,61503180)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2017YFB0307304)supported by National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(BK20141461)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China
文摘Batch to batch temperature control of a semi-batch chemical reactor with heating/cooling system was discussed in this study. Without extensive modeling investigations, a two-dimensional(2D) general predictive iterative learning control(2D-MGPILC) strategy based on the multi-model with time-varying weights was introduced for optimizing the tracking performance of desired temperature profile. This strategy was modeled based on an iterative learning control(ILC) algorithm for a 2D system and designed in the generalized predictive control(GPC) framework. Firstly, a multi-model structure with time-varying weights was developed to describe the complex operation of a general semi-batch reactor. Secondly, the 2 D-MGPILC algorithm was proposed to optimize simultaneously the dynamic performance along the time and batch axes. Finally, simulation for the controller design of a semi-batch reactor with multiple reactions was involved to demonstrate that the satisfactory performance could be achieved despite of the repetitive or non-repetitive disturbances.
基金Projects(ZR2013BL010,ZR2012DL05)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,ChinaProject(4041412016)supported by the Research Excellence Award of Shandong University of Technology,ChinaProjects(2013GG03116,2011GG02115)supported by the Science and Technology Development Planning Project of Zibo,China
文摘High salinity industrial wastewater is difficult to treat using biological treatment system because of the high concentrations of salt.The potential of a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)process in treating synthetic high salinity wastewater was evaluated at laboratory scale during a 110-day operation.The reactor was operated in a 12 h cycle,and each cycle consisted of 0.25 h influent addition,8 h aeration,3 h anoxic reaction,0.5 h sedimentation and 0.25 h effluent withdrawal.Gradual increase in salinity gradient was applied during the acclimatization period.The acclimated SBBR system was demonstrated to be an effective process to remove organic compounds and ammonia nitrogen under high salinity conditions with chemical oxygen demand(COD)and ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)removal efficiencies of 88% and 80%,respectively.The microscopic examination indicated that rather than rotifers or vorticella,the zoogloea,filamentous fungus mingled with a small quantity of swimming infusorians were dominant bacteria in SBBR system.The removal efficiencies close to 80% in COD and 75% in NH3-N were achieved at an organic loading rate(OLR)of 0.96 kg COD/(m3·d),pH of 7.0,salinity of 14 g/L and NH3-N of 30 mg/L.
文摘本文研究了好氧阶段溶解氧(DO)浓度对序批式反应器(SBR)脱氮性能、生物酶活性、微生物群落和氮代谢功能基因的影响。随着好氧阶段DO浓度从5~6 mg/L降低至2~3 mg/L,SBR活性污泥系统的硝化速率和硝化酶活性逐渐降低,而反硝化速率和反硝化酶活性逐渐升高。宏基因组学分析表明,SBR活性污泥系统的微生物群落随好氧阶段DO浓度的下降发生明显变化,典型硝化菌属的相对丰度逐渐减少,而多种反硝化菌属的相对丰度逐渐增加。氮代谢过程中,好氧阶段DO浓度的降低抑制了与硝化过程相关的功能基因和关键酶的相对丰度,而促进了与反硝化过程相关的功能基因和关键酶的相对丰度,从基因角度解释了SBR硝化性能降低和反硝化性能提升的原因。通过京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)数据库分析可知,好氧阶段DO浓度的降低对活性污泥系统的碳代谢过程产生明显的抑制作用,而对能量产生和电子转移过程有一定的促进作用。本研究深入探讨了好氧阶段DO浓度对SBR生物脱氮过程的影响,为SBR好氧阶段DO参数设置提供了理论依据。
文摘构建光序批式反应器(PSBR)处理模拟生活污水,考察光合细菌投加量、pH值、光照强度和溶解氧(DO)对反应器污染物去除性能影响,通过16S r RNA测序技术揭示光合细菌对活性污泥微生物群落结构、功能和氮代谢通路的影响.结果表明:10%光合细菌投加通过促进微生物种间协调功能使PSBR系统CODCr、NH_(4)^(+)-N和TN去除率提高,pH值、光照强度和DO分别为7、5000lux和3mg/L时,PSBR脱氮性能最好.光合细菌提高了活性污泥微生物多样性和丰富度,Proteobacteria菌门和norank_f__Saprospiraceae菌属相对丰度增多.光合细菌促进部分参与硝化过程和反硝化过程的功能基因(amo、hao和nap)和酶(AMO、HAO和NAP)丰度增加,活性污泥的整体氮代谢潜力得到提升.
