A feasible method to improve the reliability and processing efficiency of large vibrating screen via the application of an elastic screen surface with multiple attached substructures （ESSMAS） was proposed. In the ES...A feasible method to improve the reliability and processing efficiency of large vibrating screen via the application of an elastic screen surface with multiple attached substructures （ESSMAS） was proposed. In the ESSMAS, every screen rod, with ends embedded into elastomer, is coupled to the main screen structure in a relatively flexible manner. The theoretical analysis was conducted, which consists of establishing dynamic model promoted from the fuzzy structure theory as well as calculating for the equivalent stiffness of each attached structure. According to the numerical simulation using the NEWMARK-fl integration method, this assembling pattern significantly leads to the screen surface/rod having larger vibration intensity than that of the corresponding position on screen structure, which specifically, with an averaged acceleration amplitude increasing ratio of 11.37% in theoretical analysis and 20.27% in experimental test. The experimental results, within a tolerant error, also confirm the established model and demonstrate the feasibility of ESSMAS.展开更多
Molasses wastewater was evaluated as substrate for biohydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation in a novel continuous mixed attached growth reactor ( CMAGR ) with aeration pretreated sludge attached onto granular ...Molasses wastewater was evaluated as substrate for biohydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation in a novel continuous mixed attached growth reactor ( CMAGR ) with aeration pretreated sludge attached onto granular activated carbon under continuous flow condition.It was indicated that the CMAGR system was operated at the conditions of influent COD of 2000～6000mg / L , hydraulic retention time ( HRT ) of 6hand temperature of 35 ℃ , when the pH value and oxidation-reduction potential ( ORP ) ranged from 4.16and-434 mV respectively , stable ethanol-type fermentation was formed with the sum of ethanol and acetate concentration ratio of 89.3%to the total liquid products after 40days operation.The H 2 content in biogas and chemical oxygen demand ( COD ) removal were estimated to be 46.6% and 13% , respectively.It was also investigated that the effects of organic loading rates ( OLRs ) on CMAGR hydrogen production system.It was found that hydrogen production yield increased from 3.72 mmol / hL to 12.51 mmol / hL as OLRs increased from 8 kg / m 3 d to 32 kg / m 3 d.The maximum hydrogen production rate of 12.51mmol / hL at a OLR of 32kg / m 3 d and the maximum hydrogen yield by substrate consumed was 130.57 mmol / mol happened at OLR of 16 kg / m 3 d.Greater pHs appeared to be favour to butyrate production and the maximum of 0.51mol / mol was obtained at pH of 4.14.However , ethanol / acetate ratio was greater than 1.1at pH fluctuated between 3.4 - 3.6and 4.1 - 4.4which indicated that these pHs were favour to ethanol type fermentation.Therefore , the continuous mixed attached growth reactor ( CMAGR ) could be a promising attached growth system for biohydrogen fermentation.展开更多
A novel scale-flee network model based on clique （complete subgraph of random size） growth and preferential attachment was proposed. The simulations of this model were carried out. And the necessity of two evolving ...A novel scale-flee network model based on clique （complete subgraph of random size） growth and preferential attachment was proposed. The simulations of this model were carried out. And the necessity of two evolving mechanisms of the model was verified. According to the mean-field theory, the degree distribution of this model was analyzed and computed. The degree distribution function of vertices of the generating network P（d） is 2m^2m1^-3（d-m1 ＋ 1）^-3, where m and m1 denote the number of the new adding edges and the vertex number of the cliques respectively, d is the degree of the vertex, while one of cliques P（k） is 2m^2Ek^-3, where k is the degree of the clique. The simulated and analytical results show that both the degree distributions of vertices and cliques follow the scale-flee power-law distribution. The scale-free property of this model disappears in the absence of any one of the evolving mechanisms. Moreover, the randomicity of this model increases with the increment of the vertex number of the cliques.展开更多
The domesticated chicken has important roles in basic and applied research. The vector based on scaffold matrix attachment region （S/MAR） appears to be sufficient to maintain long-term expression in an episomal stat...The domesticated chicken has important roles in basic and applied research. The vector based on scaffold matrix attachment region （S/MAR） appears to be sufficient to maintain long-term expression in an episomal state in various mammalian cells. To explore the practical use of episomal vector in transgene technology of agricultural chickens, we fused the S/MAR of the human r-interferon gene into the pEGFP vector and transduced it into chickens by sperm-mediated gene transfer （SMGT）. PCR detection indicated the positive rate of transgene chickens was 60%. The RT-PCR detection and fluorescence observation confirmed the expression of the GFP and indicated the existence of the GFP during the chicken embryogenesis and fetal development. The PCR detection and rescue experiments confirmed the episomal state of the pEPI-EGFP in chick embryos and chicks. These results showed that the S/MAR-based vector could function properly in chicken embryos and was a practicable tool combined with the SMGT to study the development of chickens.展开更多
Based on the theoretical analyses, the adhesion process of fine gold particles to oil-carbon agglomerates in a dynamic system was quantitatively investigated in terms of the relationship between the attachment probabi...Based on the theoretical analyses, the adhesion process of fine gold particles to oil-carbon agglomerates in a dynamic system was quantitatively investigated in terms of the relationship between the attachment probability and the surface energy. The proposed way to establish this relationship is to firstly theoretically derive the formula to （evaluate） the surface energy change of the system by analyzing the adhesion process of a gold particle on an oil-carbon agglomerate in a mathematic and thermodynamic way. The obtained formula of the maximum energy change of unit surface area is, (Δw′max=12σhw（cos θ-1）,) which involves two measurable elements: interfacial tension and contact angle. In a well-quantified system, based on the related model it is also possible to calculate the complicated concept, namely, the attachment probability by transferring other measurable indices. In this way, after some adhesion experiments and measurements of relevant parameters, the empirical relationship between the attachment probability and the surface energy change was established in an exponential function, Pa=Aexp(-ΔGsurf/k).展开更多
基金Projects(50574091,50774084) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A feasible method to improve the reliability and processing efficiency of large vibrating screen via the application of an elastic screen surface with multiple attached substructures （ESSMAS） was proposed. In the ESSMAS, every screen rod, with ends embedded into elastomer, is coupled to the main screen structure in a relatively flexible manner. The theoretical analysis was conducted, which consists of establishing dynamic model promoted from the fuzzy structure theory as well as calculating for the equivalent stiffness of each attached structure. According to the numerical simulation using the NEWMARK-fl integration method, this assembling pattern significantly leads to the screen surface/rod having larger vibration intensity than that of the corresponding position on screen structure, which specifically, with an averaged acceleration amplitude increasing ratio of 11.37% in theoretical analysis and 20.27% in experimental test. The experimental results, within a tolerant error, also confirm the established model and demonstrate the feasibility of ESSMAS.
基金support from the National Hi-Tech R&D Program(863 Program)Ministry of Science & Technology,China(2006AA05Z109)+2 种基金Shanghai Science and Technology Bureau(071605122)Shanghai Education Committee(07ZZ156)GRAP09,Northeast Forestry University are gratefully acknowledged
文摘Molasses wastewater was evaluated as substrate for biohydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation in a novel continuous mixed attached growth reactor ( CMAGR ) with aeration pretreated sludge attached onto granular activated carbon under continuous flow condition.It was indicated that the CMAGR system was operated at the conditions of influent COD of 2000～6000mg / L , hydraulic retention time ( HRT ) of 6hand temperature of 35 ℃ , when the pH value and oxidation-reduction potential ( ORP ) ranged from 4.16and-434 mV respectively , stable ethanol-type fermentation was formed with the sum of ethanol and acetate concentration ratio of 89.3%to the total liquid products after 40days operation.The H 2 content in biogas and chemical oxygen demand ( COD ) removal were estimated to be 46.6% and 13% , respectively.It was also investigated that the effects of organic loading rates ( OLRs ) on CMAGR hydrogen production system.It was found that hydrogen production yield increased from 3.72 mmol / hL to 12.51 mmol / hL as OLRs increased from 8 kg / m 3 d to 32 kg / m 3 d.The maximum hydrogen production rate of 12.51mmol / hL at a OLR of 32kg / m 3 d and the maximum hydrogen yield by substrate consumed was 130.57 mmol / mol happened at OLR of 16 kg / m 3 d.Greater pHs appeared to be favour to butyrate production and the maximum of 0.51mol / mol was obtained at pH of 4.14.However , ethanol / acetate ratio was greater than 1.1at pH fluctuated between 3.4 - 3.6and 4.1 - 4.4which indicated that these pHs were favour to ethanol type fermentation.Therefore , the continuous mixed attached growth reactor ( CMAGR ) could be a promising attached growth system for biohydrogen fermentation.
基金Projects(60504027,60573123) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20060401037) supported by the National Postdoctor Science Foundation of ChinaProject(X106866) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China
文摘A novel scale-flee network model based on clique （complete subgraph of random size） growth and preferential attachment was proposed. The simulations of this model were carried out. And the necessity of two evolving mechanisms of the model was verified. According to the mean-field theory, the degree distribution of this model was analyzed and computed. The degree distribution function of vertices of the generating network P（d） is 2m^2m1^-3（d-m1 ＋ 1）^-3, where m and m1 denote the number of the new adding edges and the vertex number of the cliques respectively, d is the degree of the vertex, while one of cliques P（k） is 2m^2Ek^-3, where k is the degree of the clique. The simulated and analytical results show that both the degree distributions of vertices and cliques follow the scale-flee power-law distribution. The scale-free property of this model disappears in the absence of any one of the evolving mechanisms. Moreover, the randomicity of this model increases with the increment of the vertex number of the cliques.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101033)the Doctoral Research Foundation of Northeast Agricultural University(2009RC56)the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department(11551039)
文摘The domesticated chicken has important roles in basic and applied research. The vector based on scaffold matrix attachment region （S/MAR） appears to be sufficient to maintain long-term expression in an episomal state in various mammalian cells. To explore the practical use of episomal vector in transgene technology of agricultural chickens, we fused the S/MAR of the human r-interferon gene into the pEGFP vector and transduced it into chickens by sperm-mediated gene transfer （SMGT）. PCR detection indicated the positive rate of transgene chickens was 60%. The RT-PCR detection and fluorescence observation confirmed the expression of the GFP and indicated the existence of the GFP during the chicken embryogenesis and fetal development. The PCR detection and rescue experiments confirmed the episomal state of the pEPI-EGFP in chick embryos and chicks. These results showed that the S/MAR-based vector could function properly in chicken embryos and was a practicable tool combined with the SMGT to study the development of chickens.
文摘Based on the theoretical analyses, the adhesion process of fine gold particles to oil-carbon agglomerates in a dynamic system was quantitatively investigated in terms of the relationship between the attachment probability and the surface energy. The proposed way to establish this relationship is to firstly theoretically derive the formula to （evaluate） the surface energy change of the system by analyzing the adhesion process of a gold particle on an oil-carbon agglomerate in a mathematic and thermodynamic way. The obtained formula of the maximum energy change of unit surface area is, (Δw′max=12σhw（cos θ-1）,) which involves two measurable elements: interfacial tension and contact angle. In a well-quantified system, based on the related model it is also possible to calculate the complicated concept, namely, the attachment probability by transferring other measurable indices. In this way, after some adhesion experiments and measurements of relevant parameters, the empirical relationship between the attachment probability and the surface energy change was established in an exponential function, Pa=Aexp(-ΔGsurf/k).
