Rhizome atractylodes macrocephalae is the dry roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.It is one of commonly used Chinese medicine.In the "Shennong′s Herbal",it was listed as the top grade.It mainly contain...Rhizome atractylodes macrocephalae is the dry roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.It is one of commonly used Chinese medicine.In the "Shennong′s Herbal",it was listed as the top grade.It mainly contains volatile oil,atractylenolides,atractylodes polysaccharides,glycosides and amino acids.And it has the medical functions of good for spleen and intestine,diuretic and dehumidification,hidroschesis,miscarriage prevention and soon.In order to provide references for further development and utilization,this paper systematic arranged the Chinese medicine atractylodes chemical composition,pharmacological effects,processing technology and effect of processing technology on chemical composition and pharmacological action.展开更多
药用植物苍术(Atractylodes)为菊科苍术属多年生草本植物,分布于东亚,在中国的许多地区栽培,收获其根状茎干燥后作药用。苍术的繁殖方式有种子繁殖、分株繁殖、根茎繁殖。分类依据的形态特征主要是叶、花的不同,但其形态差别有限。报道...药用植物苍术(Atractylodes)为菊科苍术属多年生草本植物,分布于东亚,在中国的许多地区栽培,收获其根状茎干燥后作药用。苍术的繁殖方式有种子繁殖、分株繁殖、根茎繁殖。分类依据的形态特征主要是叶、花的不同,但其形态差别有限。报道的所有苍术属植物的染色体数均为2n=24,除罗田亚种外均包含2对随体染色体,且随体很小;在染色体类型(中部着丝粒、亚中部着丝粒、亚端部着丝粒染色体)及数目上有差异。在罗田苍术的染色体上检测到1对染色体带有5S r DNA位点,另外2对染色体带有45S r DNA位点,其中1对为随体染色体,故1对染色体上的45S r DNA位点没有表达而形成随体。在核型对称性方面,罗田苍术为原始的2A型,而其他苍术与白术的均为2B型。罗田苍术在染色体上的分化为其亚种的分类地位提供了细胞学证据。DNA序列及分子标记揭示了不同苍术类型间一定的遗传变异,为其分类及演化提供了分子证据。罗田苍术花粉母细胞的减数分裂过程中,染色体(2n=24)正常配对形成12个二价体,后期I均等分离,在两次分裂的后期和末期没有落后染色体及形成微核,最后产生较高比例的可育花粉,为其较高结实率及种子的高成活率提供了细胞学解释。其正常的减数分裂也保证了进行有性与无性繁殖苍术染色体数目的稳定性。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473549)National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund Project(31402237)+1 种基金National "Major New Drug Creation" Major Science and Technology Projects(2014ZX09304-306-04)Ministry of Education of the Central University Basic Scientific Research Business Fee(XDJK2015D016)
文摘Rhizome atractylodes macrocephalae is the dry roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.It is one of commonly used Chinese medicine.In the "Shennong′s Herbal",it was listed as the top grade.It mainly contains volatile oil,atractylenolides,atractylodes polysaccharides,glycosides and amino acids.And it has the medical functions of good for spleen and intestine,diuretic and dehumidification,hidroschesis,miscarriage prevention and soon.In order to provide references for further development and utilization,this paper systematic arranged the Chinese medicine atractylodes chemical composition,pharmacological effects,processing technology and effect of processing technology on chemical composition and pharmacological action.
文摘药用植物苍术(Atractylodes)为菊科苍术属多年生草本植物,分布于东亚,在中国的许多地区栽培,收获其根状茎干燥后作药用。苍术的繁殖方式有种子繁殖、分株繁殖、根茎繁殖。分类依据的形态特征主要是叶、花的不同,但其形态差别有限。报道的所有苍术属植物的染色体数均为2n=24,除罗田亚种外均包含2对随体染色体,且随体很小;在染色体类型(中部着丝粒、亚中部着丝粒、亚端部着丝粒染色体)及数目上有差异。在罗田苍术的染色体上检测到1对染色体带有5S r DNA位点,另外2对染色体带有45S r DNA位点,其中1对为随体染色体,故1对染色体上的45S r DNA位点没有表达而形成随体。在核型对称性方面,罗田苍术为原始的2A型,而其他苍术与白术的均为2B型。罗田苍术在染色体上的分化为其亚种的分类地位提供了细胞学证据。DNA序列及分子标记揭示了不同苍术类型间一定的遗传变异,为其分类及演化提供了分子证据。罗田苍术花粉母细胞的减数分裂过程中,染色体(2n=24)正常配对形成12个二价体,后期I均等分离,在两次分裂的后期和末期没有落后染色体及形成微核,最后产生较高比例的可育花粉,为其较高结实率及种子的高成活率提供了细胞学解释。其正常的减数分裂也保证了进行有性与无性繁殖苍术染色体数目的稳定性。
