Here,we aimed to study the changes in proteome of golden pompano fillets during post-mortem storage.Tandem mass tags(TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomic strategy was applied to investigate the relationships between pr...Here,we aimed to study the changes in proteome of golden pompano fillets during post-mortem storage.Tandem mass tags(TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomic strategy was applied to investigate the relationships between protein changes and quality characteristics of modified atmosphere packaging(MAP)fillets during superchilling(-3°C)storage.Scanning electron microscopy was used to show that the muscle histology microstructure of fillets was damaged to varying degrees,and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance was used to find that the immobilized water and free water in the muscle of fillets changed significantly.Total sulfhydryl content,TCA-soluble peptides and Ca2+-ATPase activity also showed that the fillet protein had a deterioration by oxidation and denaturation.The Fresh(FS),MAP,and air packaging(AP)groups were set.Total of 150 proteins were identified as differential abundant proteins(DAPs)in MAP/FS,while 209 DAPs were in AP/FS group.The KEGG pathway analysis indicated that most DAPs were involved in binding proteins and protein turnover.Correlation analysis found that 52 DAPs were correlated with quality traits.Among them,8 highly correlated DAPs are expected to be used as potential quality markers for protein oxidation and water-holding capacity.These results provide a further understanding of the muscle deterioration mechanism of packaging golden pompano fillets during superchilling.展开更多
The samples of brazed diamond grits with NiCr brazing alloy are prepared in vacuum and argon gas. The microstructures are analyzed with scanning electron microscope （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS...The samples of brazed diamond grits with NiCr brazing alloy are prepared in vacuum and argon gas. The microstructures are analyzed with scanning electron microscope （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）. The effects of brazing atmospheres on the as-brazed NiCr brazing alloy composite structures and interracial microstructure are studied between diamond grits and brazing alloy. Results show that： （1） There are different composite structures of as-brazed NiCr brazing alloy under different oxygen partial pressures in vacuum and argon gas. B203 exists on the surface of the brazed samples under argon gas furnace brazing. It indicates that oxygen plays an important role in the resultants of as-brazed NiCr brazing alloy during the brazing process. （2） There are different interfacial microstructures in different brazing atmospheres, but the main reaction product is chromium carbides. The chromium carbides in argon gas furnace brazing grow in a disordered form, but those in vacuum furnace brazing grow radiated. And the scale of grains in argon gas is smaller than those in vacuum.展开更多
This article summarizes the researches on the middle and upper atmosphere by Chinese scientists in 2010-2012.The focuses are placed on the advances in construction of ground-based remote sensing facilities,the mean st...This article summarizes the researches on the middle and upper atmosphere by Chinese scientists in 2010-2012.The focuses are placed on the advances in construction of ground-based remote sensing facilities,the mean state and long-term changes in the middle atmosphere circulation, the prevailing dynamical processes,and the coupling of the middle atmospheric layers.展开更多
Higher vocational college students are suffering more foreign language anxiety in their English learning.Based on this status quo,the writer poses some pedagogical implication from the perspectives of how to create de...Higher vocational college students are suffering more foreign language anxiety in their English learning.Based on this status quo,the writer poses some pedagogical implication from the perspectives of how to create delightful class atmosphere and reduce students' foreign language anxiety.It is hoped that the findings will help students more effectively learn foreign language.展开更多
The galvanic corrosion behaviour of aluminium 3004 and copper with different area ratios were studied in the tropical marine atmosphere at Tuticorin harbour over a period of 426 days. The area ratios OfAAI： Acu, stud...The galvanic corrosion behaviour of aluminium 3004 and copper with different area ratios were studied in the tropical marine atmosphere at Tuticorin harbour over a period of 426 days. The area ratios OfAAI： Acu, studied were l：l, 1：2, l：4, 1：8, 2：1, 4：1 ＆ 8：1. The galvanic corrosion behaviour of metals was studied in terms of relative increase in the corrosion rate of aluminium due to galvanic coupling with copper, relative decrease in the corrosion rate of copper due to galvanic coupling with aluminium, and the susceptibility of aluminium to pitting owing to galvanic coupling with copper, The galvanic potential and galvanic current of the system were monitored. Pits of different dimensions ranging from mild etchings to perforations were experienced on the borders and the surfaces of the interface of aluminium in contact with copper. The weathering parameters and the environmental pollutants which have a major role in influencing the galvanic corrosion of metals were also monitored. The corrosion products resulting from galvanic corrosion were analysed using XRD and the pitting on aluminium resulting from galvanic corrosion has been highlighted in terms of pit depth, size and density of pit, using a high resolution microscope.展开更多
Cu-Zn-Al slurry catalysts were prepared using a complete liquid-phase preparation technology under different heat treatment atmospheres.The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spec...Cu-Zn-Al slurry catalysts were prepared using a complete liquid-phase preparation technology under different heat treatment atmospheres.The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscope,and N2 adsorption-desorption.Their application in the single-step synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas was also investigated.The results indicate that the type of heat treatment atmosphere has an influence on the Cu species and the Cu0/Cu＋ ratio on the catalyst surface.Moreover,the final Cu/Zn ratio on the catalyst surface is mainly dependent on the composition and reaction environment of the catalyst and less on the type of heat treatment atmosphere.The prepared catalysts can suppress sintering of active sites at high temperatures,and the type of heat treatment atmosphere mainly affects the capability of the catalyst for methanol synthesis.The catalysts perform best using N2 as the heat treatment atmosphere.展开更多
The research activities of the middle and upper atmosphere in China paced abig stride in the recent years. This paper provides an brief overview of theadvances in main aspects of the study in China during the past fou...The research activities of the middle and upper atmosphere in China paced abig stride in the recent years. This paper provides an brief overview of theadvances in main aspects of the study in China during the past four years.展开更多
This paper studies the propagation properties of Gauss-Bessel beams in a turbulent atmosphere. Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, it derives the intensity distribution expression for such beams propagati...This paper studies the propagation properties of Gauss-Bessel beams in a turbulent atmosphere. Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, it derives the intensity distribution expression for such beams propagating in a turbulent atmosphere. Then the influence of turbulence and source beam parameters on the beam propagation is studied in great detail. It finds that the intensity distribution of Gauss-Bessel beams will change into Gaussian profile in a turbulent atmosphere, and that stronger turbulence and smaller topological charges will lead to a faster changing.展开更多
Powder mixtures of Zn, NiO, and Fe2O3 are mechanically alloyed by high energy ball milling to produce Ni-Zn ferrite with a nominal composition of Ni0.36Zn0.64Fe2O4. The effects of milling atmospheres （argon, air, and...Powder mixtures of Zn, NiO, and Fe2O3 are mechanically alloyed by high energy ball milling to produce Ni-Zn ferrite with a nominal composition of Ni0.36Zn0.64Fe2O4. The effects of milling atmospheres （argon, air, and oxygen）, milling time （from 0 to 30 h） and heat treatment are studied. The products are characterized using x-ray diffractometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and transmitted electron microscopy. The results indicate that the desired ferrite is not produced during the milling in the samples milled under either air or oxygen atmospheres. In those samples milled under argon, however, Zn/NiO/Fe2O3 reacts with a solid-state diffusion mode to produce Ni-Zn ferrite nanocrystalline in a size of 8 nm after 30-h-milling. The average crystallite sizes decrease to 9 nm and 10 nm in 30-h-milling samples under air and oxygen atmospheres, respectively. Annealing the 30-h-milling samples at 600℃ for 2 h leads to the formation of a single phase of Ni-Zn ferrite, an increase of crystallite size, and a reduction of internal lattice strain. Finally, the effects of the milling atmosphere and heating temperature on the magnetic properties of the 30-h-milling samples are investigated.展开更多
By using the extended Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral and the method of expanding the aperture function into a finite sum of complex Caussian functions, an approximate analytical formula of the double-distance pr...By using the extended Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral and the method of expanding the aperture function into a finite sum of complex Caussian functions, an approximate analytical formula of the double-distance propagation for Caussian beam passing through a tilted cat-eye optical lens and going back along the entrance way in a turbulent atmosphere has been derived. Through numerical calculation, the effects of incidence angle, propagation distance, and structure constant on the propagation properties of a Gaussian beam in a turbulent atmosphere are studied. It is found that the incidence angle creates an unsymmetrical average intensity distribution pattern, while the propagation distance and the structure constant can each create a smooth and symmetrical average intensity distribution pattern. The average intensity peak gradually deviates from the centre, and the central average intensity value decreases quickly with the increase in incidence angle, while a larger structure constant can bring the average intensity peak back to the centre.展开更多
This study mainly monitored the dominant bacterial populations and identified the spoilage-related microorganisms of braised chicken meat stored under different CO_(2)-modified atmosphere packaging(MAP)during refriger...This study mainly monitored the dominant bacterial populations and identified the spoilage-related microorganisms of braised chicken meat stored under different CO_(2)-modified atmosphere packaging(MAP)during refrigerated storage using a culture-dependent method and 16S rDNA identification.The quality changes and shelf life of the meat were also measured.The growth rate of total viable count(TVC)in braised chicken was slower with an increase of CO_(2) content in MAP,which also occurred in the remaining bacterial species monitored(lactic acid bacteria,Pseudomonas spp.,Brochothrix thermosphacta).The MAP exerted beneficial effects on the quality of braised chicken,as demonstrated by retarding the production of total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N)and delaying lipid oxidation(TBARS test).A total of 14 isolates were identified from braised chickens with different packaging at the end of storage,these included P.fragi(6 isolates),P.psychrophila(2 isolates),Enterococcus faecalis(3 isolates),B.thermosphacta(2 isolates),Staphylococcus equorum(1 isolate).展开更多
This paper summarizes the research results obtained by Chinese scientists and/or through international collaborations during 2004 to 2006.Within the context of COSPAR,the progresses in the studies of the middle and up...This paper summarizes the research results obtained by Chinese scientists and/or through international collaborations during 2004 to 2006.Within the context of COSPAR,the progresses in the studies of the middle and upper atmosphere in China in the past two years are introduced with focusing the developments in facilities and instruments,and the advancements in scientific issues,e.g.,dynamics related processes,atmospheric constituents,and the coupling with the lower atmosphere.展开更多
We investigate the decoy state quantum key distribution via the atmosphere channels. We consider the efficient decoy state method with one-signal state and two-decoy states. Our results show that the decoy state metho...We investigate the decoy state quantum key distribution via the atmosphere channels. We consider the efficient decoy state method with one-signal state and two-decoy states. Our results show that the decoy state method works even in the channels with fluctuating transmittance. Nevertheless, the key generation rate will be dra-matically decreased by atmosphere turbulence, which sheds more light on the characterization of atmosphere turbulence in realistic free-space based quantum key distributions.展开更多
In this report we summarize the research results by Chinese scientists in 2012–2014. The focuses are placed on the researches of the middle and upper atmosphere, specifically the researches related to ground-based ob...In this report we summarize the research results by Chinese scientists in 2012–2014. The focuses are placed on the researches of the middle and upper atmosphere, specifically the researches related to ground-based observation capability development, dynamical processes, the property of circulation and chemistry-climate coupling of the middle atmospheric layers.展开更多
Ru-based catalysts modified in different atmospheres by plasma technology were prepared to catalyze the acetylene hydrochlorination reaction.The(Ru/AC)-N2(AC = activated carbon)catalyst yielded by the plasma modificat...Ru-based catalysts modified in different atmospheres by plasma technology were prepared to catalyze the acetylene hydrochlorination reaction.The(Ru/AC)-N2(AC = activated carbon)catalyst yielded by the plasma modification of Ru/AC catalyst in N2 atmosphere exhibits the best catalytic performance with a stable C2H2 conversion of 87.2%;a relative increase of 27.1%in C2H2 conversion was achieved compared with that of the untreated Ru/AC catalyst.The results of the analysis revealed that the modification produced a mutual effect between the generated function groups on carrier AC and the active components, which can disperse and yield more active species in the fresh catalysts.These are benefits of enhancing the activity of the catalysts.Moreover, the modification can restrain coke formation and inhibit the loss of active species in the reaction, as well as strengthen the adsorption ability of reactants on the catalysts.These are benefits of improving the catalysts’ performance.展开更多
In this paper advances on study of middle and upper atmosphere and their cou pling with lower atmosphere in China in recent two years are briefly reviewed.This review emphasized three aspects, ie. (1) analysis and obs...In this paper advances on study of middle and upper atmosphere and their cou pling with lower atmosphere in China in recent two years are briefly reviewed.This review emphasized three aspects, ie. (1) analysis and observation of mid and upper atmosphere over China; (2) theoretical and modelling study of grav ity wave activities in middle atmosphere and their relation to lower atmospheric processes; (3) coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere.展开更多
The propagation characteristics of the Pearcey–Gaussian（PG） beam in turbulent atmosphere are investigated in this paper.The Pearcey beam is a new kind of paraxial beam,based on the Pearcey function of catastrophe t...The propagation characteristics of the Pearcey–Gaussian（PG） beam in turbulent atmosphere are investigated in this paper.The Pearcey beam is a new kind of paraxial beam,based on the Pearcey function of catastrophe theory,which describes diffraction about a cusp caustic.By using the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral formula in the paraxial approximation and the Rytov theory,an analytical expression of axial intensity for the considered beam family is derived.Some numerical results for PG beam propagating in atmospheric turbulence are given by studying the influences of some factors,including incident beam parameters and turbulence strengths.展开更多
Non-classical polarization properties of dark hollow beams propagating through non-Kolmogorov turbulence are studied. The analytic equation for the polarization degree of the quantization partially coherent dark hollo...Non-classical polarization properties of dark hollow beams propagating through non-Kolmogorov turbulence are studied. The analytic equation for the polarization degree of the quantization partially coherent dark hollow beams is obtained.It is found that the polarization fluctuations of the quantization partially coherent dark hollow beams are dependent on the turbulence factors and beam parameters with the detection photon numbers. Furthermore, an investigation of the changes in the on-axis propagation point and off-axis propagation point shows that the polarization degree of the quantization partially coherent dark hollow beams presents oscillation for a short propagation distance and gradually returns to zero for a sufficiently long distance.展开更多
This paper addresses the problem of estimating the lower atmospheric refractivity （M profile） under nonstandard propagation conditions frequently encountered in low altitude maritime radar applications. The vertical...This paper addresses the problem of estimating the lower atmospheric refractivity （M profile） under nonstandard propagation conditions frequently encountered in low altitude maritime radar applications. The vertical structure of the refractive environment is modeled using five parameters and the horizontal structure is modeled using five parameters. The refractivity model is implemented with and without a priori constraint on the duct strength as might be derived from soundings or numerical weather-prediction models. An electromagnetic propagation model maps the refractivity structure into a replica field. Replica fields are compared with the observed clutter using a squared-error objective function. A global search for the 10 environmental parameters is performed using genetic algorithms. The inversion algorithm is implemented on the basis of S-band radar sea-clutter data from Wallops Island, Virginia （SPANDAR）. Reference data are from range-dependent refractivity profiles obtained with a helicopter. The inversion is assessed （i） by comparing the propagation predicted from the radar-inferred refractivity profiles with that from the helicopter profiles, （ii） by comparing the refractivity parameters from the helicopter soundings with those estimated. This technique could provide near-real-time estimation of ducting effects.展开更多
Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, the propagation of cylindrical vector beams in a turbulent atmosphere is investigated. The intensity distribution and the polarization degree of beams on propagation ar...Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, the propagation of cylindrical vector beams in a turbulent atmosphere is investigated. The intensity distribution and the polarization degree of beams on propagation are studied. It is found that the beam profile has a Gaussian shape under the influence of the atmospheric turbulence, and the polarization distribution shows a dip in the cross section as the beam propagates in the turbulent atmosphere. It is also found that the beam profile and the polarization distribution are closely related to beam parameter and atmospheric turbulence.展开更多
基金supported by Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(2023TD74,2023TD78)the Earmarked Fund for CARS-47(CARS-47)+2 种基金Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(2023B0202010015)Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(SKJC-2020-02-013))Special Funds for Promoting Economic Development in Guangdong Province(For Modern Fishery)(YueNong 2019B14).
文摘Here,we aimed to study the changes in proteome of golden pompano fillets during post-mortem storage.Tandem mass tags(TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomic strategy was applied to investigate the relationships between protein changes and quality characteristics of modified atmosphere packaging(MAP)fillets during superchilling(-3°C)storage.Scanning electron microscopy was used to show that the muscle histology microstructure of fillets was damaged to varying degrees,and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance was used to find that the immobilized water and free water in the muscle of fillets changed significantly.Total sulfhydryl content,TCA-soluble peptides and Ca2+-ATPase activity also showed that the fillet protein had a deterioration by oxidation and denaturation.The Fresh(FS),MAP,and air packaging(AP)groups were set.Total of 150 proteins were identified as differential abundant proteins(DAPs)in MAP/FS,while 209 DAPs were in AP/FS group.The KEGG pathway analysis indicated that most DAPs were involved in binding proteins and protein turnover.Correlation analysis found that 52 DAPs were correlated with quality traits.Among them,8 highly correlated DAPs are expected to be used as potential quality markers for protein oxidation and water-holding capacity.These results provide a further understanding of the muscle deterioration mechanism of packaging golden pompano fillets during superchilling.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50475040)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(2005ZH52060)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2006723)~~
文摘The samples of brazed diamond grits with NiCr brazing alloy are prepared in vacuum and argon gas. The microstructures are analyzed with scanning electron microscope （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）. The effects of brazing atmospheres on the as-brazed NiCr brazing alloy composite structures and interracial microstructure are studied between diamond grits and brazing alloy. Results show that： （1） There are different composite structures of as-brazed NiCr brazing alloy under different oxygen partial pressures in vacuum and argon gas. B203 exists on the surface of the brazed samples under argon gas furnace brazing. It indicates that oxygen plays an important role in the resultants of as-brazed NiCr brazing alloy during the brazing process. （2） There are different interfacial microstructures in different brazing atmospheres, but the main reaction product is chromium carbides. The chromium carbides in argon gas furnace brazing grow in a disordered form, but those in vacuum furnace brazing grow radiated. And the scale of grains in argon gas is smaller than those in vacuum.
文摘This article summarizes the researches on the middle and upper atmosphere by Chinese scientists in 2010-2012.The focuses are placed on the advances in construction of ground-based remote sensing facilities,the mean state and long-term changes in the middle atmosphere circulation, the prevailing dynamical processes,and the coupling of the middle atmospheric layers.
文摘Higher vocational college students are suffering more foreign language anxiety in their English learning.Based on this status quo,the writer poses some pedagogical implication from the perspectives of how to create delightful class atmosphere and reduce students' foreign language anxiety.It is hoped that the findings will help students more effectively learn foreign language.
基金the CSIR-CECRI for the financial support (Project No. MLP 0008)
文摘The galvanic corrosion behaviour of aluminium 3004 and copper with different area ratios were studied in the tropical marine atmosphere at Tuticorin harbour over a period of 426 days. The area ratios OfAAI： Acu, studied were l：l, 1：2, l：4, 1：8, 2：1, 4：1 ＆ 8：1. The galvanic corrosion behaviour of metals was studied in terms of relative increase in the corrosion rate of aluminium due to galvanic coupling with copper, relative decrease in the corrosion rate of copper due to galvanic coupling with aluminium, and the susceptibility of aluminium to pitting owing to galvanic coupling with copper, The galvanic potential and galvanic current of the system were monitored. Pits of different dimensions ranging from mild etchings to perforations were experienced on the borders and the surfaces of the interface of aluminium in contact with copper. The weathering parameters and the environmental pollutants which have a major role in influencing the galvanic corrosion of metals were also monitored. The corrosion products resulting from galvanic corrosion were analysed using XRD and the pitting on aluminium resulting from galvanic corrosion has been highlighted in terms of pit depth, size and density of pit, using a high resolution microscope.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20706039)the National Basic Research Program(973 Program) of China (No.2005CB221204)+1 种基金the Program for the Top Young Academic Leaders of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi of China in 2010the Young Scientific and the Technical Fund of Shanxi of China (No.2006021010)
文摘Cu-Zn-Al slurry catalysts were prepared using a complete liquid-phase preparation technology under different heat treatment atmospheres.The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscope,and N2 adsorption-desorption.Their application in the single-step synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas was also investigated.The results indicate that the type of heat treatment atmosphere has an influence on the Cu species and the Cu0/Cu＋ ratio on the catalyst surface.Moreover,the final Cu/Zn ratio on the catalyst surface is mainly dependent on the composition and reaction environment of the catalyst and less on the type of heat treatment atmosphere.The prepared catalysts can suppress sintering of active sites at high temperatures,and the type of heat treatment atmosphere mainly affects the capability of the catalyst for methanol synthesis.The catalysts perform best using N2 as the heat treatment atmosphere.
文摘The research activities of the middle and upper atmosphere in China paced abig stride in the recent years. This paper provides an brief overview of theadvances in main aspects of the study in China during the past four years.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 60477041)Key Project of Science and Technology of Fujian Province of China (Grant No 2007H0027)
文摘This paper studies the propagation properties of Gauss-Bessel beams in a turbulent atmosphere. Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, it derives the intensity distribution expression for such beams propagating in a turbulent atmosphere. Then the influence of turbulence and source beam parameters on the beam propagation is studied in great detail. It finds that the intensity distribution of Gauss-Bessel beams will change into Gaussian profile in a turbulent atmosphere, and that stronger turbulence and smaller topological charges will lead to a faster changing.
基金Project supported by the University Putra Malaysia Graduate Research Fellowship Section
文摘Powder mixtures of Zn, NiO, and Fe2O3 are mechanically alloyed by high energy ball milling to produce Ni-Zn ferrite with a nominal composition of Ni0.36Zn0.64Fe2O4. The effects of milling atmospheres （argon, air, and oxygen）, milling time （from 0 to 30 h） and heat treatment are studied. The products are characterized using x-ray diffractometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and transmitted electron microscopy. The results indicate that the desired ferrite is not produced during the milling in the samples milled under either air or oxygen atmospheres. In those samples milled under argon, however, Zn/NiO/Fe2O3 reacts with a solid-state diffusion mode to produce Ni-Zn ferrite nanocrystalline in a size of 8 nm after 30-h-milling. The average crystallite sizes decrease to 9 nm and 10 nm in 30-h-milling samples under air and oxygen atmospheres, respectively. Annealing the 30-h-milling samples at 600℃ for 2 h leads to the formation of a single phase of Ni-Zn ferrite, an increase of crystallite size, and a reduction of internal lattice strain. Finally, the effects of the milling atmosphere and heating temperature on the magnetic properties of the 30-h-milling samples are investigated.
基金supported by the National Defense Pre-research Foundation of China (Grant No. TY7131008)
文摘By using the extended Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral and the method of expanding the aperture function into a finite sum of complex Caussian functions, an approximate analytical formula of the double-distance propagation for Caussian beam passing through a tilted cat-eye optical lens and going back along the entrance way in a turbulent atmosphere has been derived. Through numerical calculation, the effects of incidence angle, propagation distance, and structure constant on the propagation properties of a Gaussian beam in a turbulent atmosphere are studied. It is found that the incidence angle creates an unsymmetrical average intensity distribution pattern, while the propagation distance and the structure constant can each create a smooth and symmetrical average intensity distribution pattern. The average intensity peak gradually deviates from the centre, and the central average intensity value decreases quickly with the increase in incidence angle, while a larger structure constant can bring the average intensity peak back to the centre.
基金financially supported by China Agriculture Research System (Beijing, China, CARS-41-Z06)Nanjing Professor Huang Food Technology Co., Ltd.
文摘This study mainly monitored the dominant bacterial populations and identified the spoilage-related microorganisms of braised chicken meat stored under different CO_(2)-modified atmosphere packaging(MAP)during refrigerated storage using a culture-dependent method and 16S rDNA identification.The quality changes and shelf life of the meat were also measured.The growth rate of total viable count(TVC)in braised chicken was slower with an increase of CO_(2) content in MAP,which also occurred in the remaining bacterial species monitored(lactic acid bacteria,Pseudomonas spp.,Brochothrix thermosphacta).The MAP exerted beneficial effects on the quality of braised chicken,as demonstrated by retarding the production of total volatile basic nitrogen(TVB-N)and delaying lipid oxidation(TBARS test).A total of 14 isolates were identified from braised chickens with different packaging at the end of storage,these included P.fragi(6 isolates),P.psychrophila(2 isolates),Enterococcus faecalis(3 isolates),B.thermosphacta(2 isolates),Staphylococcus equorum(1 isolate).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40374056,40333034)Chinese Academy of Science KZCX3-SW-217,KGCX2-SW-408,KGCX3-SYW-403
文摘This paper summarizes the research results obtained by Chinese scientists and/or through international collaborations during 2004 to 2006.Within the context of COSPAR,the progresses in the studies of the middle and upper atmosphere in China in the past two years are introduced with focusing the developments in facilities and instruments,and the advancements in scientific issues,e.g.,dynamics related processes,atmospheric constituents,and the coupling with the lower atmosphere.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11574400,U1304613,11204197,11204379 and 11074244the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2011CBA00200the Doctor Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China under Grant No 20113402110059
文摘We investigate the decoy state quantum key distribution via the atmosphere channels. We consider the efficient decoy state method with one-signal state and two-decoy states. Our results show that the decoy state method works even in the channels with fluctuating transmittance. Nevertheless, the key generation rate will be dra-matically decreased by atmosphere turbulence, which sheds more light on the characterization of atmosphere turbulence in realistic free-space based quantum key distributions.
文摘In this report we summarize the research results by Chinese scientists in 2012–2014. The focuses are placed on the researches of the middle and upper atmosphere, specifically the researches related to ground-based observation capability development, dynamical processes, the property of circulation and chemistry-climate coupling of the middle atmospheric layers.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21706167 and 21776179)Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation (161108)+2 种基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No.IRT_15R46)Yangtze River Scholar Research Project of Shihezi University (No.CJXZ201601)the Start-Up Foundation for Young Scientists of Shihezi University (RCZX201507)
文摘Ru-based catalysts modified in different atmospheres by plasma technology were prepared to catalyze the acetylene hydrochlorination reaction.The(Ru/AC)-N2(AC = activated carbon)catalyst yielded by the plasma modification of Ru/AC catalyst in N2 atmosphere exhibits the best catalytic performance with a stable C2H2 conversion of 87.2%;a relative increase of 27.1%in C2H2 conversion was achieved compared with that of the untreated Ru/AC catalyst.The results of the analysis revealed that the modification produced a mutual effect between the generated function groups on carrier AC and the active components, which can disperse and yield more active species in the fresh catalysts.These are benefits of enhancing the activity of the catalysts.Moreover, the modification can restrain coke formation and inhibit the loss of active species in the reaction, as well as strengthen the adsorption ability of reactants on the catalysts.These are benefits of improving the catalysts’ performance.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 40175002, 40075007) and The Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘In this paper advances on study of middle and upper atmosphere and their cou pling with lower atmosphere in China in recent two years are briefly reviewed.This review emphasized three aspects, ie. (1) analysis and observation of mid and upper atmosphere over China; (2) theoretical and modelling study of grav ity wave activities in middle atmosphere and their relation to lower atmospheric processes; (3) coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere.
文摘The propagation characteristics of the Pearcey–Gaussian（PG） beam in turbulent atmosphere are investigated in this paper.The Pearcey beam is a new kind of paraxial beam,based on the Pearcey function of catastrophe theory,which describes diffraction about a cusp caustic.By using the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral formula in the paraxial approximation and the Rytov theory,an analytical expression of axial intensity for the considered beam family is derived.Some numerical results for PG beam propagating in atmospheric turbulence are given by studying the influences of some factors,including incident beam parameters and turbulence strengths.
基金supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61405205)
文摘Non-classical polarization properties of dark hollow beams propagating through non-Kolmogorov turbulence are studied. The analytic equation for the polarization degree of the quantization partially coherent dark hollow beams is obtained.It is found that the polarization fluctuations of the quantization partially coherent dark hollow beams are dependent on the turbulence factors and beam parameters with the detection photon numbers. Furthermore, an investigation of the changes in the on-axis propagation point and off-axis propagation point shows that the polarization degree of the quantization partially coherent dark hollow beams presents oscillation for a short propagation distance and gradually returns to zero for a sufficiently long distance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41105013)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China (Grant No.BK2011122)the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories,China (Grant No.201120FSIC-03)
文摘This paper addresses the problem of estimating the lower atmospheric refractivity （M profile） under nonstandard propagation conditions frequently encountered in low altitude maritime radar applications. The vertical structure of the refractive environment is modeled using five parameters and the horizontal structure is modeled using five parameters. The refractivity model is implemented with and without a priori constraint on the duct strength as might be derived from soundings or numerical weather-prediction models. An electromagnetic propagation model maps the refractivity structure into a replica field. Replica fields are compared with the observed clutter using a squared-error objective function. A global search for the 10 environmental parameters is performed using genetic algorithms. The inversion algorithm is implemented on the basis of S-band radar sea-clutter data from Wallops Island, Virginia （SPANDAR）. Reference data are from range-dependent refractivity profiles obtained with a helicopter. The inversion is assessed （i） by comparing the propagation predicted from the radar-inferred refractivity profiles with that from the helicopter profiles, （ii） by comparing the refractivity parameters from the helicopter soundings with those estimated. This technique could provide near-real-time estimation of ducting effects.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60977068)the Key Project of Science and Technology of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.2007H0027)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China (Grant No.A0810012)
文摘Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, the propagation of cylindrical vector beams in a turbulent atmosphere is investigated. The intensity distribution and the polarization degree of beams on propagation are studied. It is found that the beam profile has a Gaussian shape under the influence of the atmospheric turbulence, and the polarization distribution shows a dip in the cross section as the beam propagates in the turbulent atmosphere. It is also found that the beam profile and the polarization distribution are closely related to beam parameter and atmospheric turbulence.
