Because of their low electrical conductivity,sluggish ion diffusion,and poor stability,conventional electrode materials are not able to meet the growing demands of energy storage and portable devices.Graphene assemble...Because of their low electrical conductivity,sluggish ion diffusion,and poor stability,conventional electrode materials are not able to meet the growing demands of energy storage and portable devices.Graphene assembled films(GAFs)formed from graphene nanosheets have an ultrahigh conductivity,a unique 2D network structure,and exceptional mechanical strength,which give them the potential to solve these problems.However,a systematic understanding of GAFs as an advanced electrode material is lacking.This review focuses on the use of GAFs in electrochemistry,providing a comprehensive analysis of their synthesis methods,surface/structural characteristics,and physical properties,and thus understand their structure-property relationships.Their advantages in batteries,supercapacitors,and electrochemical sensors are systematically evaluated,with an emphasis on their excellent electrical conductivity,ion transport kinetics,and interfacial stability.The existing problems in these devices,such as chemical inertness and mechanical brittleness,are discussed and potential solutions are proposed,including defect engineering and hybrid structures.This review should deepen our mechanistic understanding of the use of GAFs in electrochemical systems and provide actionable strategies for developing stable,high-performance electrode materials.展开更多
A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefo...A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefore,this study aimed to compare the performance outcomes of MEA using electrodes with single and three catalyst layers.This study measured Electrochemical Surface Area(ECSA),Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS),X-ray Diffraction analysis(XRD),and X-ray Fluorescence(XRF).Furthermore,the round-trip efficiency(RTE)of the MEA,as w ell as the performance in FC and WE mode,was measured.In comparison,The ECSA values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers were higher than the single catalyst layer.This result was supported by electrode characterization data for XRD and XRF.The respective electrical conductivity values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers are also higher than the single cata-lyst layer,and the performance of URFC using MEA with three catalyst layers has the highest value of RTE among the MEA performances of URFC,which is 100%at a current density of 4 mA·cm-2.展开更多
Gear assembly errors can lead to the increase of vibration and noise of the system,which affect the stability of system.The influence can be compensated by tooth modification.Firstly,an improved three-dimensional load...Gear assembly errors can lead to the increase of vibration and noise of the system,which affect the stability of system.The influence can be compensated by tooth modification.Firstly,an improved three-dimensional loaded tooth contact analysis(3D-LTCA)method which can consider tooth modification and coupling assembly errors is proposed,and mesh stiffness calculated by proposed method is verified by MASTA software.Secondly,based on neural network,the surrogate model(SM)that maps the relationship between modification parameters and mesh mechanical parameters is established,and its accuracy is verified.Finally,SM is introduced to establish an optimization model with the target of minimizing mesh stiffness variations and obtaining more even load distribution on mesh surface.The results show that even considering training time,the efficiency of gear pair optimization by surrogate model is still much higher than that by LTCA method.After optimization,the mesh stiffness fluctuation of gear pair with coupling assembly error is reduced by 34.10%,and difference in average contact stresses between left and right regions of the mesh surface is reduced by 62.84%.展开更多
As the proton transport channel and binder within the catalytic layer(CL),the physicochemical properties of the ionomer can affect the CL microstructure and performance of the membrane electrode assembly.In this paper...As the proton transport channel and binder within the catalytic layer(CL),the physicochemical properties of the ionomer can affect the CL microstructure and performance of the membrane electrode assembly.In this paper,we select ionomers with different side-chain lengths and investigate the effects of the side-chain structure and content of the ionomers on the performance of membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Electrochemical tests show that at a mass ratio of 10 wt.%of ionomer/Ir(I/Ir),long-side-chain(LSC)ionomer exhibits the best performance(2.141 V@2.00 A/cm^(2),while short-side-chain(SSC)ionomer is 2.208 V@2.00 A/cm^(2)).The MEA containing LSC ionomer shows better electrochemical performance than the SSC at the same I/Ir mass ratio,especially at high current density.The MEA containing LSC ionomer has a larger average pore size and porosity,which indicates that it may have better mass-transfer properties.From the analysis of voltage loss,it can be seen that LSC ionomers have a smaller ohmic impedance and mass transfer resistance than SSC ionomers.In conclusion,LSC ionomers are more conducive to water-gas transport,which can provide excellent water electrolysis performance.This article focuses on the optimization of ionomer side chains and content,which can enhance PEM water electrolysis performance at lower cost.展开更多
The assembly of a protein complex is very important for its biological function,which can be investigated by determining the order of assembly/disassembly of its protein subunits.Although static structures of many pro...The assembly of a protein complex is very important for its biological function,which can be investigated by determining the order of assembly/disassembly of its protein subunits.Although static structures of many protein com-plexes are available in the protein data bank,their assembly/disassembly orders of subunits are largely unknown.In addition to experimental techniques for studying subcomplexes in the assembly/disassembly of a protein complex,computational methods can be used to predict the assembly/disassembly order.Since sampling is a nontrivial issue in simulating the assembly/disassembly process,coarse-grained simulations are more efficient than atomic simulations are.In this work,we developed computational protocols for predicting the assembly/disassembly orders of protein complexes via coarse-grained simulations.The protocols were illustrated via two protein complexes,and the predicted assembly/disassembly orders were consistent with the available experimental data.展开更多
In the process of thin-wall parts assembly for an antenna,the parts assembly deformation deviation is occurring due to the riveting assembly.In view of the riveting assembly deformation problems,it can be analyzed thr...In the process of thin-wall parts assembly for an antenna,the parts assembly deformation deviation is occurring due to the riveting assembly.In view of the riveting assembly deformation problems,it can be analyzed through transient and static simulation.In this work,the theoretical deformation model for riveting assembly is established with round head rivet.The simulation analysis for riveting deformation is carried out with the riveting assembly piece including four rivets,which comparing with the measuring points experiment results of riveting test piece through dealing with the experimental data using the point coordinate transform method and the space line fitting method.Simultaneously,the deformation deviation of the overall thin-wall parts assembly structure is analyzed through finite element simulation;and its results are verified by the measuring experiment for riveting assembly with the deformation deviation of some key points on the thin-wall parts.Through the comparison analysis,it is shown that the simulation results agree well with the experimental results,which proves the correctness and effectiveness of the theoretical analysis,simulation results and the given experiment data processing method.Through the study on the riveting assembly for thin-wall parts,it will provide a theoretical foundation for improving thin-wall parts assembly quality of large antenna in future.展开更多
In a manufacturing industry, mixed model assembly line(MMAL) is preferred in order to meet the variety in product demand. MMAL balancing helps in assembling products with similar characteristics in a random fashion. T...In a manufacturing industry, mixed model assembly line(MMAL) is preferred in order to meet the variety in product demand. MMAL balancing helps in assembling products with similar characteristics in a random fashion. The objective of this work aims in reducing the number of workstations, work load index between stations and within each station. As manual contribution of workers in final assembly line is more, ergonomics is taken as an additional objective function. Ergonomic risk level of a workstation is evaluated using a parameter called accumulated risk posture(ARP), which is calculated using rapid upper limb assessment(RULA) check sheet. This work is based on the case study of an MMAL problem in Rane(Madras) Ltd.(India), in which a problem based genetic algorithm(GA) has been proposed to minimize the mentioned objectives. The working of the genetic operators such as selection, crossover and mutation has been modified with respect to the addressed MMAL problem. The results show that there is a significant impact over productivity and the process time of the final assembled product, i.e., the rate of production is increased by 39.5% and the assembly time for one particular model is reduced to 13 min from existing 18 min. Also, the space required using the proposed assembly line is only 200 m2 against existing 350 m2. Further, the algorithm helps in reducing workers fatigue(i.e., ergonomic friendly).展开更多
The structure and working principle of a two-cylinder four-stroke single-piston hydraulic free piston engine(HFPE) were introduced. The basic vibration equation of free piston assembly(FPA) was established based upon ...The structure and working principle of a two-cylinder four-stroke single-piston hydraulic free piston engine(HFPE) were introduced. The basic vibration equation of free piston assembly(FPA) was established based upon the energy conversion between the injected fuel and the friction together with the load. Both the theoretical and numerical results show that the vibration system of FPA is a nonlinear conservative autonomous system in one cycle. The FPA vibration is symmetric with constant amplitude when FPA is only driven by the compression pressure in the compression accumulator and that in the combustion chamber. When considering the friction and load, FPA could still achieve a stable vibration after a few cycles' adjustment whether the input energy is equal to the consumed energy or not. The vibration characteristics are different when FPA vibrates in the compression stroke and the expansion stroke, which is the unique feature of the single-piston HFPE.展开更多
This work aims to improve the thermal performance of a light emitting diode(LED) module by employing a novelly assembled heat pipe heat sink. The heat pipe was embedded into the heat sink by a phase change expansion a...This work aims to improve the thermal performance of a light emitting diode(LED) module by employing a novelly assembled heat pipe heat sink. The heat pipe was embedded into the heat sink by a phase change expansion assembly(PCEA) process, which was developed by both finite element(FE) analysis and experiments. Heat transfer performance and optical performance of the LED modules were experimentally investigated and discussed. Compared to the LED module with a traditionally assembled heat pipe heat sink, the LED module employing the PCEA process exhibits about 20% decrease in the thermal resistance from the MCPCB to the heat pipe. The junction temperature is 4% lower and the luminous flux is 2% higher. The improvement in the thermal and optical performance is important to the high power LED applications.展开更多
In order to improve the processing precision and shorten the hob manufacturing cycle of the face gear,a precision generating hobbing method for face gear with the assembly spherical hob is proposed.Firstly,the evoluti...In order to improve the processing precision and shorten the hob manufacturing cycle of the face gear,a precision generating hobbing method for face gear with the assembly spherical hob is proposed.Firstly,the evolution of the cylindrical gear to spherical hob basic worm is analyzed,then the spherical hob basic worm is designed,thus the basic worm and spiral angle equation of spherical hob are obtained.Secondly,based on the design method of the existing hob,the development method of the assembly spherical hob is analyzed,the cutter tooth and the cutter substrate of the assembly hob are designed,and the whole assembly is finished.Thirdly,based on the need of face gear hobbing,a numerical control machine for gear hobbing is developed,and the equation of the face gear is obtained.Fourth,for reducing the face gear processing errors induced by equivalent installation errors,the error analysis model is established and the impacts of each error on the gear tooth surface are analyzed.Finally,the assembly spherical hob is manufactured and the gear hobbing test is completed.According to the measurement results,the processing parameters of face gear hobbing are modified,and the deviation of tooth surface is significantly reduced.展开更多
The choice of the sequence in which parts or subass em blies are put together in the mechanical assembly of a product can drastical ly affect the efficiency of the assembly process. Unlike metal cutting operation s wh...The choice of the sequence in which parts or subass em blies are put together in the mechanical assembly of a product can drastical ly affect the efficiency of the assembly process. Unlike metal cutting operation s where computer aided system have been available for some 15 to 25 years to hel p manufacturing engineers in generating cutting sequences and NC programs, the m ajority of assembly planning tasks in automobile body design is still manually p erformed by assembly designers according to their past experiences. This has prolonged the production lead time and time to market. This paper describes a p rocedure to automatically derive all the feasible assembly sequences for automob ile body assembly. The procedure is based on a mathematical model of the automob ile body, obtained through the definitions of the connection matrix and contract ed matrix. These two matrices represent the precedence constraint knowledge amon g components and subassemblies. The possible subassemblies are automatically det ected by satisfying some mathematical conditions applicable to these matrices. F or each subassembly and the whole product, all the possible assembly sequences a re generated by rearranging the initial connection sub-matrix and the contracte d matrix. The procedure is applicable to compliant component assemblies, suc h as the automobile body assembly, aircraft frame assembly, and can solve the "combinatorial explosion" problem efficiently.展开更多
To make the dynamic assembly reliability analysis more effective for complex machinery of multi-object multi-discipline(MOMD),distributed collaborative extremum response surface method(DCERSM)was proposed based on ext...To make the dynamic assembly reliability analysis more effective for complex machinery of multi-object multi-discipline(MOMD),distributed collaborative extremum response surface method(DCERSM)was proposed based on extremum response surface method(ERSM).Firstly,the basic theories of the ERSM and DCERSM were investigated,and the strengths of DCERSM were proved theoretically.Secondly,the mathematical model of the DCERSM was established based upon extremum response surface function(ERSF).Finally,this model was applied to the reliability analysis of blade-tip radial running clearance(BTRRC)of an aeroengine high pressure turbine(HPT)to verify its advantages.The results show that the DCERSM can not only reshape the possibility of the reliability analysis for the complex turbo machinery,but also greatly improve the computational speed,save the computational time and improve the computational efficiency while keeping the accuracy.Thus,the DCERSM is verified to be feasible and effective in the dynamic assembly reliability(DAR)analysis of complex machinery.Moreover,this method offers an useful insight for designing and optimizing the dynamic reliability of complex machinery.展开更多
Multi-manned assembly line,which is broadly utilized to assemble high volume products such as automobiles and trucks,allows a group of workers to assemble different tasks simultaneously in a multi-manned workstation.T...Multi-manned assembly line,which is broadly utilized to assemble high volume products such as automobiles and trucks,allows a group of workers to assemble different tasks simultaneously in a multi-manned workstation.This additional characteristic of parallel operators increases the complexity of the traditional NP-hard assembly line balancing problem.Hence,this paper formulates the Type-I multi-manned assembly line balancing problem to minimize the total number of workstations and operators,and develops an efficient migrating birds optimization algorithm embedded into an idle time reduction method.In this algorithm,a new decoding mechanism is proposed which reduces the sequence-dependent idle time by some task assignment rules;three effective neighborhoods are developed to make refinement of existing solutions in the bird improvement phases;and temperature acceptance and competitive mechanism are employed to avoid being trapped in the local optimum.Comparison experiments suggest that the new decoding and improvements are effective and the proposed algorithm outperforms the compared algorithms.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279097)the Key R&D Program of Hubei Province(2023BAB103)the PhD Scientific Research and Innovation Foundation of The Education Department of Hainan Province Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(HSPHDSRF-2024-03-022)。
文摘Because of their low electrical conductivity,sluggish ion diffusion,and poor stability,conventional electrode materials are not able to meet the growing demands of energy storage and portable devices.Graphene assembled films(GAFs)formed from graphene nanosheets have an ultrahigh conductivity,a unique 2D network structure,and exceptional mechanical strength,which give them the potential to solve these problems.However,a systematic understanding of GAFs as an advanced electrode material is lacking.This review focuses on the use of GAFs in electrochemistry,providing a comprehensive analysis of their synthesis methods,surface/structural characteristics,and physical properties,and thus understand their structure-property relationships.Their advantages in batteries,supercapacitors,and electrochemical sensors are systematically evaluated,with an emphasis on their excellent electrical conductivity,ion transport kinetics,and interfacial stability.The existing problems in these devices,such as chemical inertness and mechanical brittleness,are discussed and potential solutions are proposed,including defect engineering and hybrid structures.This review should deepen our mechanistic understanding of the use of GAFs in electrochemical systems and provide actionable strategies for developing stable,high-performance electrode materials.
基金support from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under grant HICOE-2023-005.
文摘A unitized regenerative fuel cell(URFC)is a device that may function reversibly as either a fuel cell(FC)or water elec-trolysis(WE).An important component of this device is the Membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Therefore,this study aimed to compare the performance outcomes of MEA using electrodes with single and three catalyst layers.This study measured Electrochemical Surface Area(ECSA),Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS),X-ray Diffraction analysis(XRD),and X-ray Fluorescence(XRF).Furthermore,the round-trip efficiency(RTE)of the MEA,as w ell as the performance in FC and WE mode,was measured.In comparison,The ECSA values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers were higher than the single catalyst layer.This result was supported by electrode characterization data for XRD and XRF.The respective electrical conductivity values of Pt-Ru/C and Pt/C with three catalyst layers are also higher than the single cata-lyst layer,and the performance of URFC using MEA with three catalyst layers has the highest value of RTE among the MEA performances of URFC,which is 100%at a current density of 4 mA·cm-2.
基金Project(11972112)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(N2103024)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProject(J2019-IV-0018-0086)supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project,China。
文摘Gear assembly errors can lead to the increase of vibration and noise of the system,which affect the stability of system.The influence can be compensated by tooth modification.Firstly,an improved three-dimensional loaded tooth contact analysis(3D-LTCA)method which can consider tooth modification and coupling assembly errors is proposed,and mesh stiffness calculated by proposed method is verified by MASTA software.Secondly,based on neural network,the surrogate model(SM)that maps the relationship between modification parameters and mesh mechanical parameters is established,and its accuracy is verified.Finally,SM is introduced to establish an optimization model with the target of minimizing mesh stiffness variations and obtaining more even load distribution on mesh surface.The results show that even considering training time,the efficiency of gear pair optimization by surrogate model is still much higher than that by LTCA method.After optimization,the mesh stiffness fluctuation of gear pair with coupling assembly error is reduced by 34.10%,and difference in average contact stresses between left and right regions of the mesh surface is reduced by 62.84%.
基金Project(52271013)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(23DZ1200600)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai,China。
文摘As the proton transport channel and binder within the catalytic layer(CL),the physicochemical properties of the ionomer can affect the CL microstructure and performance of the membrane electrode assembly.In this paper,we select ionomers with different side-chain lengths and investigate the effects of the side-chain structure and content of the ionomers on the performance of membrane electrode assembly(MEA).Electrochemical tests show that at a mass ratio of 10 wt.%of ionomer/Ir(I/Ir),long-side-chain(LSC)ionomer exhibits the best performance(2.141 V@2.00 A/cm^(2),while short-side-chain(SSC)ionomer is 2.208 V@2.00 A/cm^(2)).The MEA containing LSC ionomer shows better electrochemical performance than the SSC at the same I/Ir mass ratio,especially at high current density.The MEA containing LSC ionomer has a larger average pore size and porosity,which indicates that it may have better mass-transfer properties.From the analysis of voltage loss,it can be seen that LSC ionomers have a smaller ohmic impedance and mass transfer resistance than SSC ionomers.In conclusion,LSC ionomers are more conducive to water-gas transport,which can provide excellent water electrolysis performance.This article focuses on the optimization of ionomer side chains and content,which can enhance PEM water electrolysis performance at lower cost.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1301504)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program(XDB37040202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91953101).
文摘The assembly of a protein complex is very important for its biological function,which can be investigated by determining the order of assembly/disassembly of its protein subunits.Although static structures of many protein com-plexes are available in the protein data bank,their assembly/disassembly orders of subunits are largely unknown.In addition to experimental techniques for studying subcomplexes in the assembly/disassembly of a protein complex,computational methods can be used to predict the assembly/disassembly order.Since sampling is a nontrivial issue in simulating the assembly/disassembly process,coarse-grained simulations are more efficient than atomic simulations are.In this work,we developed computational protocols for predicting the assembly/disassembly orders of protein complexes via coarse-grained simulations.The protocols were illustrated via two protein complexes,and the predicted assembly/disassembly orders were consistent with the available experimental data.
基金Project(51675100)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2016ZX04004008)supported by the National Numerical Control Equipment Major Project of ChinaProject(6902002116)supported by the Foundation of Certain Ministry of China
文摘In the process of thin-wall parts assembly for an antenna,the parts assembly deformation deviation is occurring due to the riveting assembly.In view of the riveting assembly deformation problems,it can be analyzed through transient and static simulation.In this work,the theoretical deformation model for riveting assembly is established with round head rivet.The simulation analysis for riveting deformation is carried out with the riveting assembly piece including four rivets,which comparing with the measuring points experiment results of riveting test piece through dealing with the experimental data using the point coordinate transform method and the space line fitting method.Simultaneously,the deformation deviation of the overall thin-wall parts assembly structure is analyzed through finite element simulation;and its results are verified by the measuring experiment for riveting assembly with the deformation deviation of some key points on the thin-wall parts.Through the comparison analysis,it is shown that the simulation results agree well with the experimental results,which proves the correctness and effectiveness of the theoretical analysis,simulation results and the given experiment data processing method.Through the study on the riveting assembly for thin-wall parts,it will provide a theoretical foundation for improving thin-wall parts assembly quality of large antenna in future.
基金support and help of many individuals in the SASTRA University
文摘In a manufacturing industry, mixed model assembly line(MMAL) is preferred in order to meet the variety in product demand. MMAL balancing helps in assembling products with similar characteristics in a random fashion. The objective of this work aims in reducing the number of workstations, work load index between stations and within each station. As manual contribution of workers in final assembly line is more, ergonomics is taken as an additional objective function. Ergonomic risk level of a workstation is evaluated using a parameter called accumulated risk posture(ARP), which is calculated using rapid upper limb assessment(RULA) check sheet. This work is based on the case study of an MMAL problem in Rane(Madras) Ltd.(India), in which a problem based genetic algorithm(GA) has been proposed to minimize the mentioned objectives. The working of the genetic operators such as selection, crossover and mutation has been modified with respect to the addressed MMAL problem. The results show that there is a significant impact over productivity and the process time of the final assembled product, i.e., the rate of production is increased by 39.5% and the assembly time for one particular model is reduced to 13 min from existing 18 min. Also, the space required using the proposed assembly line is only 200 m2 against existing 350 m2. Further, the algorithm helps in reducing workers fatigue(i.e., ergonomic friendly).
基金Project(51275451)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(51221004)supported by the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2013CB035400)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2011BAK03B09)supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China
文摘The structure and working principle of a two-cylinder four-stroke single-piston hydraulic free piston engine(HFPE) were introduced. The basic vibration equation of free piston assembly(FPA) was established based upon the energy conversion between the injected fuel and the friction together with the load. Both the theoretical and numerical results show that the vibration system of FPA is a nonlinear conservative autonomous system in one cycle. The FPA vibration is symmetric with constant amplitude when FPA is only driven by the compression pressure in the compression accumulator and that in the combustion chamber. When considering the friction and load, FPA could still achieve a stable vibration after a few cycles' adjustment whether the input energy is equal to the consumed energy or not. The vibration characteristics are different when FPA vibrates in the compression stroke and the expansion stroke, which is the unique feature of the single-piston HFPE.
基金Projects(51375177,U1401249,51405161)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014M560659)supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014B090901065)supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project for Industry-University-Research Cooperation in Guangdong Province,China
文摘This work aims to improve the thermal performance of a light emitting diode(LED) module by employing a novelly assembled heat pipe heat sink. The heat pipe was embedded into the heat sink by a phase change expansion assembly(PCEA) process, which was developed by both finite element(FE) analysis and experiments. Heat transfer performance and optical performance of the LED modules were experimentally investigated and discussed. Compared to the LED module with a traditionally assembled heat pipe heat sink, the LED module employing the PCEA process exhibits about 20% decrease in the thermal resistance from the MCPCB to the heat pipe. The junction temperature is 4% lower and the luminous flux is 2% higher. The improvement in the thermal and optical performance is important to the high power LED applications.
基金Project(9140xx8020212xx)supported by the Advanced Research Foundation,ChinaProject(GZ2018KF003)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing for Special Vehicles and Transmission System,China
文摘In order to improve the processing precision and shorten the hob manufacturing cycle of the face gear,a precision generating hobbing method for face gear with the assembly spherical hob is proposed.Firstly,the evolution of the cylindrical gear to spherical hob basic worm is analyzed,then the spherical hob basic worm is designed,thus the basic worm and spiral angle equation of spherical hob are obtained.Secondly,based on the design method of the existing hob,the development method of the assembly spherical hob is analyzed,the cutter tooth and the cutter substrate of the assembly hob are designed,and the whole assembly is finished.Thirdly,based on the need of face gear hobbing,a numerical control machine for gear hobbing is developed,and the equation of the face gear is obtained.Fourth,for reducing the face gear processing errors induced by equivalent installation errors,the error analysis model is established and the impacts of each error on the gear tooth surface are analyzed.Finally,the assembly spherical hob is manufactured and the gear hobbing test is completed.According to the measurement results,the processing parameters of face gear hobbing are modified,and the deviation of tooth surface is significantly reduced.
文摘The choice of the sequence in which parts or subass em blies are put together in the mechanical assembly of a product can drastical ly affect the efficiency of the assembly process. Unlike metal cutting operation s where computer aided system have been available for some 15 to 25 years to hel p manufacturing engineers in generating cutting sequences and NC programs, the m ajority of assembly planning tasks in automobile body design is still manually p erformed by assembly designers according to their past experiences. This has prolonged the production lead time and time to market. This paper describes a p rocedure to automatically derive all the feasible assembly sequences for automob ile body assembly. The procedure is based on a mathematical model of the automob ile body, obtained through the definitions of the connection matrix and contract ed matrix. These two matrices represent the precedence constraint knowledge amon g components and subassemblies. The possible subassemblies are automatically det ected by satisfying some mathematical conditions applicable to these matrices. F or each subassembly and the whole product, all the possible assembly sequences a re generated by rearranging the initial connection sub-matrix and the contracte d matrix. The procedure is applicable to compliant component assemblies, suc h as the automobile body assembly, aircraft frame assembly, and can solve the "combinatorial explosion" problem efficiently.
基金Project(51175017)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(YWF-12-RBYJ-008)supported by the Innovation Foundation of Beihang University for PhD Graduates,ChinaProject(20111102110011)supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘To make the dynamic assembly reliability analysis more effective for complex machinery of multi-object multi-discipline(MOMD),distributed collaborative extremum response surface method(DCERSM)was proposed based on extremum response surface method(ERSM).Firstly,the basic theories of the ERSM and DCERSM were investigated,and the strengths of DCERSM were proved theoretically.Secondly,the mathematical model of the DCERSM was established based upon extremum response surface function(ERSF).Finally,this model was applied to the reliability analysis of blade-tip radial running clearance(BTRRC)of an aeroengine high pressure turbine(HPT)to verify its advantages.The results show that the DCERSM can not only reshape the possibility of the reliability analysis for the complex turbo machinery,but also greatly improve the computational speed,save the computational time and improve the computational efficiency while keeping the accuracy.Thus,the DCERSM is verified to be feasible and effective in the dynamic assembly reliability(DAR)analysis of complex machinery.Moreover,this method offers an useful insight for designing and optimizing the dynamic reliability of complex machinery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51875421,61803287).
文摘Multi-manned assembly line,which is broadly utilized to assemble high volume products such as automobiles and trucks,allows a group of workers to assemble different tasks simultaneously in a multi-manned workstation.This additional characteristic of parallel operators increases the complexity of the traditional NP-hard assembly line balancing problem.Hence,this paper formulates the Type-I multi-manned assembly line balancing problem to minimize the total number of workstations and operators,and develops an efficient migrating birds optimization algorithm embedded into an idle time reduction method.In this algorithm,a new decoding mechanism is proposed which reduces the sequence-dependent idle time by some task assignment rules;three effective neighborhoods are developed to make refinement of existing solutions in the bird improvement phases;and temperature acceptance and competitive mechanism are employed to avoid being trapped in the local optimum.Comparison experiments suggest that the new decoding and improvements are effective and the proposed algorithm outperforms the compared algorithms.
