Background:The worldwide pest Aphis gossypii has three-winged morphs in its life cycle,namely,winged parthenogenetic female(WPF),winged gynopara(GP),and winged male,which are all produced by a wingless parthenogenetic...Background:The worldwide pest Aphis gossypii has three-winged morphs in its life cycle,namely,winged parthenogenetic female(WPF),winged gynopara(GP),and winged male,which are all produced by a wingless parthenogenetic female(WLPF).Most studies on A.gossypii have focused on WPF,while few have investigated GP and male.The shared molecular mechanism underlying the wing differentiation in the three wing morphs of A.gossypii remains unknown.The wing differentiation of WPF was explored in a previous study.Herein,GP and male were induced indoors.The characters of the body,internal genitals,wing veins,and fecundity of GP and male were compared with those of WPF or WLPF.Compared with WLPF,the shared and separate differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in these three-wing morphs.Results:Newly-born nymphs reared in short photoperiod condition(8 L:16D,18°C)exclusively produced gynoparae(GPe)and males in adulthood successively,in which the sex ratio was GP biased.A total of 14 GPe and 9 males were produced by one mother aphid.Compared with WLPF,the three-wing morphs exhibited similar morphology and wing vein patterns but were obviously discriminated in the length of fore-and underwings,reproductive system,and fecundity.A total of 37090 annotated unigenes were obtained from libraries constructed using the four morphs via RNA sequencing(RNA-Seq).In addition,10867 and 19334 DEGs were identified in the pairwise comparison of GP versus WLPF and male versus WLPF,respectively.Compared with WLPF,the winged morphs demonstrated 2335 shared DEGs(1658 upregulated and 677 downregulated).The 1658 shared upregulated DEGs were enriched in multiple signaling pathways,including insulin,FoxO,MAPK,starch and sucrose metabolism,fatty acid biosynthesis,and degradation,suggesting their key roles in the regulation of wing plasticity in the cotton aphid.Forty-four genes that spanned the range of differential expression were chosen to validate statistical analysis based on RNA-Seq through the reverse transcription quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).The comparison concurred with the expression pattern(either up-or downregulated)and supported the accuracy and reliability of RNA-Seq.Finally,the potential roles of DEGs related to the insulin signaling pathway in wing dimorphism were discussed in the cotton aphid.Conclusions:The present study established an efficiently standardized protocol for GP and male induction in cotton aphid by transferring newly-born nymphs to short photoperiod conditions(8 L:16D,18°C).The external morphological characters,especially wing vein patterns,were similar among WPFs,GPe,and males.However,their reproductive organs were strikingly different.Compared with WLPF,shared(2335)and exclusively(1470 in WLPF,2419 in GP,10774 male)expressed genes were identified in the three-wing morphs through RNA-Seq,and several signaling pathways that are potentially involved in their wing differentiation were obtained,including insulin signaling,starch and sucrose metabolism.展开更多
【目的】通过对桃蚜发生情况的表型评价,利用已开发的抗桃蚜分子标记筛选抗桃蚜桃树单株,并鉴定其抗桃蚜基因型,为桃育种工作中抗桃蚜亲本的选择提供帮助。【方法】以山桃(Prunus daviadina)、寿星桃(P. persica var. densa)和普通栽培...【目的】通过对桃蚜发生情况的表型评价,利用已开发的抗桃蚜分子标记筛选抗桃蚜桃树单株,并鉴定其抗桃蚜基因型,为桃育种工作中抗桃蚜亲本的选择提供帮助。【方法】以山桃(Prunus daviadina)、寿星桃(P. persica var. densa)和普通栽培桃(P. persia)抗性来源的杂交群体后代及其亲本以及育成抗桃蚜观赏桃品种为材料,选用与桃抗桃蚜相关的4个分子标记,分别为InDel24、InDel23、P62和QMR,结合桃蚜高发时期表型鉴定的结果,对以上4种分子标记进行有效性验证,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术检测PCR产物,分析确定各个样品的基因型,与农艺性状结合,筛选抗桃蚜优质单株。【结果】(1)InDel24分子标记在具有山桃抗桃蚜来源的杂交群体中通用性较强,在以帚形山桃为亲本的杂交后代中,分子标记的准确率均≥99.21%;(2)P62分子标记的准确率在具有寿星桃抗桃蚜来源的杂交群体中,达到了99.21%;(3)InDel23、InDel24和P62均无法在具有抗桃蚜性的普通桃杂交后代中扩增出多态性片段,不能对抗桃蚜性状进行区分,QMR分子标记则有明显的条带可以区分是否抗桃蚜,准确率为62.61%;(4)在帚形山桃F3群体中,筛选出12个抗桃蚜且具有优异农艺性状的单株;(5)明确了8个育成抗蚜观赏桃品种抗桃蚜性来源并确定其基因型。【结论】在所用的群体中,InDel24和P62分别对山桃和寿星桃来源的抗桃蚜植株具有高准确率,且InDel24在帚形山桃后代中通用性强,而在普通桃抗性来源的抗桃蚜后代中,仅有QMR分子标记可以对抗桃蚜性状进行区分。展开更多
基金Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.1610162019020604).
文摘Background:The worldwide pest Aphis gossypii has three-winged morphs in its life cycle,namely,winged parthenogenetic female(WPF),winged gynopara(GP),and winged male,which are all produced by a wingless parthenogenetic female(WLPF).Most studies on A.gossypii have focused on WPF,while few have investigated GP and male.The shared molecular mechanism underlying the wing differentiation in the three wing morphs of A.gossypii remains unknown.The wing differentiation of WPF was explored in a previous study.Herein,GP and male were induced indoors.The characters of the body,internal genitals,wing veins,and fecundity of GP and male were compared with those of WPF or WLPF.Compared with WLPF,the shared and separate differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in these three-wing morphs.Results:Newly-born nymphs reared in short photoperiod condition(8 L:16D,18°C)exclusively produced gynoparae(GPe)and males in adulthood successively,in which the sex ratio was GP biased.A total of 14 GPe and 9 males were produced by one mother aphid.Compared with WLPF,the three-wing morphs exhibited similar morphology and wing vein patterns but were obviously discriminated in the length of fore-and underwings,reproductive system,and fecundity.A total of 37090 annotated unigenes were obtained from libraries constructed using the four morphs via RNA sequencing(RNA-Seq).In addition,10867 and 19334 DEGs were identified in the pairwise comparison of GP versus WLPF and male versus WLPF,respectively.Compared with WLPF,the winged morphs demonstrated 2335 shared DEGs(1658 upregulated and 677 downregulated).The 1658 shared upregulated DEGs were enriched in multiple signaling pathways,including insulin,FoxO,MAPK,starch and sucrose metabolism,fatty acid biosynthesis,and degradation,suggesting their key roles in the regulation of wing plasticity in the cotton aphid.Forty-four genes that spanned the range of differential expression were chosen to validate statistical analysis based on RNA-Seq through the reverse transcription quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).The comparison concurred with the expression pattern(either up-or downregulated)and supported the accuracy and reliability of RNA-Seq.Finally,the potential roles of DEGs related to the insulin signaling pathway in wing dimorphism were discussed in the cotton aphid.Conclusions:The present study established an efficiently standardized protocol for GP and male induction in cotton aphid by transferring newly-born nymphs to short photoperiod conditions(8 L:16D,18°C).The external morphological characters,especially wing vein patterns,were similar among WPFs,GPe,and males.However,their reproductive organs were strikingly different.Compared with WLPF,shared(2335)and exclusively(1470 in WLPF,2419 in GP,10774 male)expressed genes were identified in the three-wing morphs through RNA-Seq,and several signaling pathways that are potentially involved in their wing differentiation were obtained,including insulin signaling,starch and sucrose metabolism.
