BACKGROUND:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) is a critical disease caused by sepsis.In addition to high mortality,SAE can also adversely aff ect life quality and lead to significant socioeconomic costs.This review...BACKGROUND:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) is a critical disease caused by sepsis.In addition to high mortality,SAE can also adversely aff ect life quality and lead to significant socioeconomic costs.This review aims to explore the development of evaluation animal models of SAE,giving insight into the direction of future research in terms of its pathophysiology and therapy.METHODS:We performed a literature search from January 1,2000,to December 31,2022,in MEDLINE,PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science using related keywords.Two independent researchers screened all the accessible articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and collected the relevant data of the studies.RESULTS:The animal models for sepsis are commonly induced through cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) injection.SAE can be evaluated using nervous reflex scores and sepsis evaluation during the acute phase,or through Morris water maze(MWM),openfield test,fear condition(FC) test,inhibitory avoidance,and other tests during the late phase.CONCLUSION:CLP and LPS injection are the most common methods for establishing SAE animal models.Nervous reflexs cores,MWM,FC test,and inhibitory avoidance are widely used in SAE model analysis.Future research should focus on establishing a standardized system for SAE development and analysis.展开更多
Objective To investigate the role of peffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in evaluation of cirrhotic fiver. Methods With a 4F catheter, 1% diluted carbon tetrachloride （ 1 ml/kg） was selectively in...Objective To investigate the role of peffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in evaluation of cirrhotic fiver. Methods With a 4F catheter, 1% diluted carbon tetrachloride （ 1 ml/kg） was selectively injected into fight or left hepatic artery of 12 dogs fortnightly. The half fiver into which carbon tetrachloride was injected was called as study side （SS）, while the other half fiver without carbon tetrachloride injection was called as study control side （SCS）. Conventional and peffusion-weighted MRI were performed in every 4 weeks. Via a 4F catheter, 5ml gadolinium diethylentriamine pentaaceti acid （Gd-DTPA） dilution was injected into superior mesenteric artery at the 5th scan. The signal intensity-thne curves of SS, SCS, and portal vein were completed in MR workstation. The maximal relative signal increase （ MRSI）, peak time （ tp）, and slope of the curves were measured. Results On conventional MR images, no abnormalities of externality and signal intensity were observed in both SS and SCS of fiver at each stage. The mean tp, MP, SI, and slope of intensity-time curves in normal fiver were 10. 56 seconds, 1.01, and 10. 23 arbitrary unit （au）/s, respectively. Three parameters of curves didn＇t show obvious change in SCS of fiver at every stage. Abnormal perfusion curves occurred in SS of fiver at the 12th week after the 1st injection. The abnormality of perfusion curve in SS was more and more serious as the times of injection increased. The mean tp, IVlRSI, and slope intensity-time curves in SS of fiver were 19.45 seconds, 0. 43, and 3. 60 au/s respectively at the 24th week. Conclusion Perfusion-weighted imaging can potentially provide information about portal peffusion of hepatic parenchyma, and to some degree, reflect the severity of cirrhosis.展开更多
Silkworm pupa is a nourishing food with high nutritional value,but its consumption has been greatly limited given its allergenicity.Enzyme hydrolytic technique is recognized as an effective method to reduce the allerg...Silkworm pupa is a nourishing food with high nutritional value,but its consumption has been greatly limited given its allergenicity.Enzyme hydrolytic technique is recognized as an effective method to reduce the allergenicity of protein.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of enzymolysis on the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.Crude silkworm pupa protein was extracted through alkali extraction and acid precipitation,which included 5 proteins with the molecular weights ranging from 34 kDa to 76 kDa,and silkworm pupa were then hydrolyzed by alkaline protease.The allergenicity of silkworm pupa protein and its enzymatic hydrolysates was evaluated by establishing BALB/c mice model,and the mice were immunized via intragastric gavage and intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The results indicated that the intraperitoneal inj ection immunization route induced more by detecting with antibodies,histamine and Th2-related cytokines.Moreover,mice treated with silkworm pupa protein peptide displayed no obvious allergic symptoms,indicating that enzyme hydrolytic technique could significantly reduce the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.展开更多
Objective: To establish a swine model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) which has high standardization, superior reproducibility and stability. Methods: The rate of success, reproducibility and stability were ...Objective: To establish a swine model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) which has high standardization, superior reproducibility and stability. Methods: The rate of success, reproducibility and stability were investigated on the modification of OLTs in closed miniature swine with series of improvements. Results: 20 OLTs were performed on the basis of improvements in experimental animals, surgical procedures and operative monitorings. The mean operation time and anhepatic phase was (181±25.8) and (28.4±3.2) min respectively, which were significantly shorter than those of the previous reports. Liver function of the animals recovered shortly after operation. One-week survival rate was 90%, and 15 animals survived more than 1 month. The incidence of vascular and biliary complications was lower in animals with long-term survival. Conclusion: The improved animal model of OLTs in swine is easy to operate with high standardization and rate of success, superior reproducibility and stability. It is an ideal model for series studies related to liver transplantation in big animals.展开更多
Food allergy is one of the most important food safety problems that has attracted increasing attention.The food allergy experimental models provide not only the accurate allergen detection and evaluation methods but a...Food allergy is one of the most important food safety problems that has attracted increasing attention.The food allergy experimental models provide not only the accurate allergen detection and evaluation methods but also the powerful approaches for mechanism investigations.In this paper,we reviewed the common food allergy cell models including mast cell,basophil granulocyte and basophil,as well as the animal models of BALB/c mouse,C3H/HeJ mouse,and BN rat.We also introduced zebrafish,a promising model organism for investigating immunity though lacking direct applications in food allergy to date,and focused on traumatic inflammation,bacterial infection and viral infection models.In addition,we also summarized the clinical diagnostic research methods for food allergy.The elucidation of these topics will help researchers to understand the characteristics and mechanisms of various models and thus select the proper models for particular study,so as to support further investigations of food allergy.展开更多
Objectives To establish a cost-effective and reproducible procedure for induction of chronic left ventricular aneurysm （LVA） in rabbits. Methods Acute myocardial infarction （AMI） was induced in 35 rabbits via conc...Objectives To establish a cost-effective and reproducible procedure for induction of chronic left ventricular aneurysm （LVA） in rabbits. Methods Acute myocardial infarction （AMI） was induced in 35 rabbits via concomitant ligation of the left anterior descending （LAD） coronary artery and the circumflex （Cx） branch at the middle portion. Development of AMI was co n-firmed by ST segment elevation and akinesis of the occluded area. Echocardiography, pathological evaluation, and agar i n-tra-chamber casting were utilized to validate the formation of LVA four weeks after the surgery. Left ventricular end systolic pressure （LVESP） and diastolic pressure （LVEDP） were measured before, immediately after and four weeks after ligation. D i-mensions of the ventricular chamber, thickness of the interventricular septum （IVS） and the left ventricular posterior wall （LVPW） left ventricular end diastolic volume （LVEDV） and systolic volume （LVESV）, and ejection fraction （EF） were recorded by echo-cardiography. Results Thirty one （88.6%） rabbits survived myocardial infarction and 26 of them developed aneurysm （83.9%）. The mean area of aneurysm was 33.4% ＆#177; 2.4% of the left ventricle. LVEF markedly decreased after LVA formation, whereas LVEDV, LVESV and the thickness of IVS as well as the dimension of ventricular chamber from apex to mitral valve annulus significantly increased. LVESP immediately dropped after ligation and recovered to a small extent after LVA formation. LVEDP progressively increased after ligation till LVA formation. Areas in the left ventricle （LV） that underwent fibrosis included the apex, anterior wall and lateral wall but not IVS. Agar intra-chamber cast showed that the bulging of LV wall was prominent in the area of aneurysm. Conclusions Ligation of LAD and Cx at the middle portion could induce develo pment of LVA at a mean area ratio of 33.4%＆#177;2.4%which involves the apex, anterior wall and lateral wall of the LV.展开更多
Objective: To establish a stable model of VX2 breast carcinoma in rabbit and select the optimal way. Methods: Thirty female New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 in each. Tumor cell suspensio...Objective: To establish a stable model of VX2 breast carcinoma in rabbit and select the optimal way. Methods: Thirty female New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 in each. Tumor cell suspensions or tumor mass suspensions were injected into breast tissues of rabbits of group A and B, respectively. Tumor blocks were surgically implanted in rabbit breasts of group C. Tumor formation rate, tumor growth rate, and tumor-bearing survival time was compared, and the histological feature of tumor was observed. Results: Models were established conveniently and successfully in rabbits received injection of tumor mass suspensions. Tumor proliferated rapidly with the biological feature of squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: VX2 breast carcinoma model in rabbit was established successfully. Intramammary injection of tumor mass suspension is the best method.展开更多
Since azoxymethane(AOM)-dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)induced tumorigenesis was used to explore inflammation-associated carcinogenesis of sporadic colorectal cancer(CRC),different administration modes of AOM or DSS have ...Since azoxymethane(AOM)-dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)induced tumorigenesis was used to explore inflammation-associated carcinogenesis of sporadic colorectal cancer(CRC),different administration modes of AOM or DSS have been reported.In this article we optimized the protocol of the AOM-DSS modeling using C57BL/6 mice for study on sporadic CRC by intraperitoneal injecting AOM solution at a proper concentration with a 100μl sterile syringe once,feeding with DSS solution for 7 days in a roll and change DSS solution every day.More than 100 C57BL/6 mice had been treated with the optimized protocol,and all mice were demonstrated suffering from colorectal tumors when sacrificed in 8 to 20 weeks after AOM injection.These tumors mainly occurred in distal segment of colorectum with an increase in tumor density,which was similar to CRC in human beings.Tumor per mouse was high,and variation of tumor number per mouse was low.The histology of tumor developed through the defined stage ranged from precursor lesions,adenomatous lesions,adenomas to adenocarcinomas.The modified protocol of AOM-DSS model is easy,cheap,with high tumor formation rate of colorectal tumors.展开更多
Objective:To establish a sensitized canine model for kidney transplantation.Methods:12 male dogs were averagely grouped as donors and recipients. A small number of donor canine lymphocytes was infused into different a...Objective:To establish a sensitized canine model for kidney transplantation.Methods:12 male dogs were averagely grouped as donors and recipients. A small number of donor canine lymphocytes was infused into different anatomic locations of a paired canine recipient for each time and which was repeated weekly. Specific immune sensitization was monitored by means of Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC) and Mixed Lymphocyte Culture (MLC) test. When CDC test conversed to be positive and MLC test showed a significant proliferation of reactive lymphocytes of canine recipients, the right kidneys of the paired dogs were excised and transplanted to each other concurrently. Injury of renal allograft function was scheduled determined by ECT dynamic kidney photography and pathologic investigation. Results:CDC test usually conversed to be positive and reactive lymphocytes of canine recipients were also observed to be proliferated significantly in MLC test after 3 to 4 times of canine donor lymphocyte infusions. Renal allograft function deterioration occurred 4 d post-operatively in 4 of 6 canine recipients, in contrast to none in control dogs. Pathologic changes suggested antibody-mediated rejection (delayed) or acute rejection in 3 excised renal allograft of sensitized dogs. Seven days after operation, all sensitized dogs had lost graft function, pathologic changes of which showed that the renal allografts were seriously rejected. 2 of 3 dogs in control group were also acutely rejected.Conclusion:A convenient method by means of repeated stimulation of canine lymphocyte may induce specific immune sensitization in canine recipients. Renal allografts in sensitized dogs will be earlier rejected and result in a more deteriorated graft function.展开更多
Objective. The purpose of the study was to build up an animal model of mitochondrial myopathy in order to analyse the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods. The skeletal muscles from Wistar rats treated with germanium ...Objective. The purpose of the study was to build up an animal model of mitochondrial myopathy in order to analyse the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods. The skeletal muscles from Wistar rats treated with germanium dioxide for 24 weeks were analysed by histopathologic and electron- microscopic studies. A quantitative analysis was carried out in mitochondrial DNAs of these samples. The biological function of the model was determined. Results. An animal model of mitochondrial myopathy was built up, in which oxygen free radicals were increased and mitochondrial DNA copies were decreased contrasted with controls. Conclusion. It suggested that environmental toxin may play a role in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial myopathy. The increase of oxygen free radicals is an important link causing the disease.展开更多
Objective: To study the cause and mechanism of transplantation vasculopathy which characterized by accelerated graft arteriosclerosis (AGA), we established a mouse aorta graft model. Methods: A segment of thoracic aor...Objective: To study the cause and mechanism of transplantation vasculopathy which characterized by accelerated graft arteriosclerosis (AGA), we established a mouse aorta graft model. Methods: A segment of thoracic aortas of B10.A (2R) mice were transplanted to C57BL/10 mice abdominal aorta by end to side anastomoses. The different time point collected grafts were analyzed by morphological, histochemical and electro microscopic methods. Results: Rejection was manifested as a concentric progressive destruction of the smooth muscle cells. In contrast, the endothelial inflammation and subsequent neointimal proliferation characteristic of AGA was localized to the regions of turbulent flow, i.e. the junction of the graft with the recipient aorta. Conclusion: This model separates the processes of rejection and neointimal formation which usually manifested together in the lesion of AGA, elucidate that different mechanisms control vascular rejection and neointimal formation in chronic rejection.展开更多
Objective： To establish an experimental model of urethral stricture in rabbits. Methods： A total of 21 adult male New Zealand rabbits were included into group. After intravenous anesthesia, urethroscopy was performe...Objective： To establish an experimental model of urethral stricture in rabbits. Methods： A total of 21 adult male New Zealand rabbits were included into group. After intravenous anesthesia, urethroscopy was performed with a pediatric resectoscope （F13）. Fifteen animals were randomly selected as the study group. A lcm-long circumferential electrocoagulation of the bulbar urethra was performed to these animals until ulceration of the mucosa. The remaining 6 animals underwent video urethroscopy without electrocoagulation, serving as controls. On the 30th day, retrograde urethrogram and urethroscopy were performed to evaluate urethral stricture formation, histological examinations （HE and Sirius Red staining） were done to assess urethral pathological change. Results： Two rabbits in study group died and no death occurred in controls. Based on urethrogram and urethroscopy, no rabbits in control group developed urethral stricture, while significant stricture formation was observed in every case of the study group. Histological examination showed a normal urethra in control cases, while at stricture site of the study group extensive fibrosis of muscle and submucous tis High collagen expression in fibrosis tissue was assayed sue by was observed with a large number of fibroblasts infiltration Sirius Red staining. Conclusion： A lcm-long endoscopic electrocoagulation can successfully induce urethral stricture formation in rabbit models. This method offers an ideal animal model for the fundamental and clinical study of urethral stricture展开更多
Heterotopic ossification(HO)is a consequence of traumatic bone and tissue damage,which occurs in 65%of military casualties with blast-associated amputations.However,the mechanisms behind blast-induced HO remain unclea...Heterotopic ossification(HO)is a consequence of traumatic bone and tissue damage,which occurs in 65%of military casualties with blast-associated amputations.However,the mechanisms behind blast-induced HO remain unclear.Animal models are used to study blast-induced HO,but developing such models is challenging,particularly in how to use a pure blast wave(primary blast)to induce limb fracture that then requires an amputation.Several studies,including our recent study,have developed platforms to induce limb fractures in rats with blast loading or a mixture of blast and impact loading.However,these models are limited by the survivability of the animal and repeatability of the model.In this study,we developed an improved platform,aiming to improve the animal's survivability and injury repeatability as well as focusing on primary blast only.The platform exposed only one limb of the rat to a blast wave while providing proper protection to the rest of the rat's body.We obtained very consistent fracture outcome in the tibia(location and pattern)in cadaveric rats with a large range of size and weight.Importantly,the rats did not obviously move during the test,where movement is a potential cause of uncontrolled injury.We further conducted parametric studies by varying the features of the design of the platform.These factors,such as how the limb is fixed and how the cavity through which the limb is placed is sealed,significantly affect the resulting injury.This platform and test setups enable well-controlled limb fracture induced directly by pure blast wave,which is the fundamental step towards a complete in vivo animal model for blast-induced HO induced by primary blast alone,excluding secondary and tertiary blast injury.In addition,the platform design and the findings presented here,particularly regarding the proper protection of the animal,have implications for future studies investigating localized blast injuries,such as blast induced brain and lung injuries.展开更多
To explore the influence and significance of the ischemia reperfusion on the hepatic neoplasm, the hepatic VX2 neoplasm model of rabbits was established under the guide of ultrasonography; and ischemia was caused by u...To explore the influence and significance of the ischemia reperfusion on the hepatic neoplasm, the hepatic VX2 neoplasm model of rabbits was established under the guide of ultrasonography; and ischemia was caused by using a non-traumatic vascular clamp to block the branches distributing in the left-middle lobe of the hepatic artery for 60 min, and subsequently the clamp was removed and the reperfusion injury of hepatic neoplasm occurred. At different time-points, the normal and hepatic neoplasm tissues of the animal models were taken out to detect the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) respectively.The results show that the products and injurious effects of oxygen free radical (OFR) of the neoplasm tissues are more serious than those of the normal hepatic tissues.展开更多
近年来,随着以变应性鼻炎（AR）和变应性哮喘为代表的呼吸道变应性疾病在全球范围内发病率的升高,与之发病机制密切相关的CD4＋CD25＋T细胞及其特异性标志物Foxp3成为近年来的研究热点。在此前的实验中,我们对AR小鼠外周调节性T细胞（re...近年来,随着以变应性鼻炎（AR）和变应性哮喘为代表的呼吸道变应性疾病在全球范围内发病率的升高,与之发病机制密切相关的CD4＋CD25＋T细胞及其特异性标志物Foxp3成为近年来的研究热点。在此前的实验中,我们对AR小鼠外周调节性T细胞（regulatory T cell,Treg）的表达特征进行了研究,发现实验组与正常对照组外周血表达有显著性差异,而脾脏表达两组间无显著性差异[1]。展开更多
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Fund (2022-PUMCH-B-109)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2021-1-I2M-020)。
文摘BACKGROUND:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) is a critical disease caused by sepsis.In addition to high mortality,SAE can also adversely aff ect life quality and lead to significant socioeconomic costs.This review aims to explore the development of evaluation animal models of SAE,giving insight into the direction of future research in terms of its pathophysiology and therapy.METHODS:We performed a literature search from January 1,2000,to December 31,2022,in MEDLINE,PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science using related keywords.Two independent researchers screened all the accessible articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and collected the relevant data of the studies.RESULTS:The animal models for sepsis are commonly induced through cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) injection.SAE can be evaluated using nervous reflex scores and sepsis evaluation during the acute phase,or through Morris water maze(MWM),openfield test,fear condition(FC) test,inhibitory avoidance,and other tests during the late phase.CONCLUSION:CLP and LPS injection are the most common methods for establishing SAE animal models.Nervous reflexs cores,MWM,FC test,and inhibitory avoidance are widely used in SAE model analysis.Future research should focus on establishing a standardized system for SAE development and analysis.
文摘Objective To investigate the role of peffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in evaluation of cirrhotic fiver. Methods With a 4F catheter, 1% diluted carbon tetrachloride （ 1 ml/kg） was selectively injected into fight or left hepatic artery of 12 dogs fortnightly. The half fiver into which carbon tetrachloride was injected was called as study side （SS）, while the other half fiver without carbon tetrachloride injection was called as study control side （SCS）. Conventional and peffusion-weighted MRI were performed in every 4 weeks. Via a 4F catheter, 5ml gadolinium diethylentriamine pentaaceti acid （Gd-DTPA） dilution was injected into superior mesenteric artery at the 5th scan. The signal intensity-thne curves of SS, SCS, and portal vein were completed in MR workstation. The maximal relative signal increase （ MRSI）, peak time （ tp）, and slope of the curves were measured. Results On conventional MR images, no abnormalities of externality and signal intensity were observed in both SS and SCS of fiver at each stage. The mean tp, MP, SI, and slope of intensity-time curves in normal fiver were 10. 56 seconds, 1.01, and 10. 23 arbitrary unit （au）/s, respectively. Three parameters of curves didn＇t show obvious change in SCS of fiver at every stage. Abnormal perfusion curves occurred in SS of fiver at the 12th week after the 1st injection. The abnormality of perfusion curve in SS was more and more serious as the times of injection increased. The mean tp, IVlRSI, and slope intensity-time curves in SS of fiver were 19.45 seconds, 0. 43, and 3. 60 au/s respectively at the 24th week. Conclusion Perfusion-weighted imaging can potentially provide information about portal peffusion of hepatic parenchyma, and to some degree, reflect the severity of cirrhosis.
基金supported by Special Project on the Integration of Industry,Education and Research of Guangdong Provine(2013B090600060)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1604205)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760431)。
文摘Silkworm pupa is a nourishing food with high nutritional value,but its consumption has been greatly limited given its allergenicity.Enzyme hydrolytic technique is recognized as an effective method to reduce the allergenicity of protein.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of enzymolysis on the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.Crude silkworm pupa protein was extracted through alkali extraction and acid precipitation,which included 5 proteins with the molecular weights ranging from 34 kDa to 76 kDa,and silkworm pupa were then hydrolyzed by alkaline protease.The allergenicity of silkworm pupa protein and its enzymatic hydrolysates was evaluated by establishing BALB/c mice model,and the mice were immunized via intragastric gavage and intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The results indicated that the intraperitoneal inj ection immunization route induced more by detecting with antibodies,histamine and Th2-related cytokines.Moreover,mice treated with silkworm pupa protein peptide displayed no obvious allergic symptoms,indicating that enzyme hydrolytic technique could significantly reduce the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.
文摘Objective: To establish a swine model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) which has high standardization, superior reproducibility and stability. Methods: The rate of success, reproducibility and stability were investigated on the modification of OLTs in closed miniature swine with series of improvements. Results: 20 OLTs were performed on the basis of improvements in experimental animals, surgical procedures and operative monitorings. The mean operation time and anhepatic phase was (181±25.8) and (28.4±3.2) min respectively, which were significantly shorter than those of the previous reports. Liver function of the animals recovered shortly after operation. One-week survival rate was 90%, and 15 animals survived more than 1 month. The incidence of vascular and biliary complications was lower in animals with long-term survival. Conclusion: The improved animal model of OLTs in swine is easy to operate with high standardization and rate of success, superior reproducibility and stability. It is an ideal model for series studies related to liver transplantation in big animals.
基金the State key research and development plan(2017YFD0400203).
文摘Food allergy is one of the most important food safety problems that has attracted increasing attention.The food allergy experimental models provide not only the accurate allergen detection and evaluation methods but also the powerful approaches for mechanism investigations.In this paper,we reviewed the common food allergy cell models including mast cell,basophil granulocyte and basophil,as well as the animal models of BALB/c mouse,C3H/HeJ mouse,and BN rat.We also introduced zebrafish,a promising model organism for investigating immunity though lacking direct applications in food allergy to date,and focused on traumatic inflammation,bacterial infection and viral infection models.In addition,we also summarized the clinical diagnostic research methods for food allergy.The elucidation of these topics will help researchers to understand the characteristics and mechanisms of various models and thus select the proper models for particular study,so as to support further investigations of food allergy.
文摘Objectives To establish a cost-effective and reproducible procedure for induction of chronic left ventricular aneurysm （LVA） in rabbits. Methods Acute myocardial infarction （AMI） was induced in 35 rabbits via concomitant ligation of the left anterior descending （LAD） coronary artery and the circumflex （Cx） branch at the middle portion. Development of AMI was co n-firmed by ST segment elevation and akinesis of the occluded area. Echocardiography, pathological evaluation, and agar i n-tra-chamber casting were utilized to validate the formation of LVA four weeks after the surgery. Left ventricular end systolic pressure （LVESP） and diastolic pressure （LVEDP） were measured before, immediately after and four weeks after ligation. D i-mensions of the ventricular chamber, thickness of the interventricular septum （IVS） and the left ventricular posterior wall （LVPW） left ventricular end diastolic volume （LVEDV） and systolic volume （LVESV）, and ejection fraction （EF） were recorded by echo-cardiography. Results Thirty one （88.6%） rabbits survived myocardial infarction and 26 of them developed aneurysm （83.9%）. The mean area of aneurysm was 33.4% ＆#177; 2.4% of the left ventricle. LVEF markedly decreased after LVA formation, whereas LVEDV, LVESV and the thickness of IVS as well as the dimension of ventricular chamber from apex to mitral valve annulus significantly increased. LVESP immediately dropped after ligation and recovered to a small extent after LVA formation. LVEDP progressively increased after ligation till LVA formation. Areas in the left ventricle （LV） that underwent fibrosis included the apex, anterior wall and lateral wall but not IVS. Agar intra-chamber cast showed that the bulging of LV wall was prominent in the area of aneurysm. Conclusions Ligation of LAD and Cx at the middle portion could induce develo pment of LVA at a mean area ratio of 33.4%＆#177;2.4%which involves the apex, anterior wall and lateral wall of the LV.
文摘Objective: To establish a stable model of VX2 breast carcinoma in rabbit and select the optimal way. Methods: Thirty female New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 in each. Tumor cell suspensions or tumor mass suspensions were injected into breast tissues of rabbits of group A and B, respectively. Tumor blocks were surgically implanted in rabbit breasts of group C. Tumor formation rate, tumor growth rate, and tumor-bearing survival time was compared, and the histological feature of tumor was observed. Results: Models were established conveniently and successfully in rabbits received injection of tumor mass suspensions. Tumor proliferated rapidly with the biological feature of squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: VX2 breast carcinoma model in rabbit was established successfully. Intramammary injection of tumor mass suspension is the best method.
基金Supported by the Hebei Provincial Research Foundation of Health and Family Planning Commission(No.20180688)~~
文摘Since azoxymethane(AOM)-dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)induced tumorigenesis was used to explore inflammation-associated carcinogenesis of sporadic colorectal cancer(CRC),different administration modes of AOM or DSS have been reported.In this article we optimized the protocol of the AOM-DSS modeling using C57BL/6 mice for study on sporadic CRC by intraperitoneal injecting AOM solution at a proper concentration with a 100μl sterile syringe once,feeding with DSS solution for 7 days in a roll and change DSS solution every day.More than 100 C57BL/6 mice had been treated with the optimized protocol,and all mice were demonstrated suffering from colorectal tumors when sacrificed in 8 to 20 weeks after AOM injection.These tumors mainly occurred in distal segment of colorectum with an increase in tumor density,which was similar to CRC in human beings.Tumor per mouse was high,and variation of tumor number per mouse was low.The histology of tumor developed through the defined stage ranged from precursor lesions,adenomatous lesions,adenomas to adenocarcinomas.The modified protocol of AOM-DSS model is easy,cheap,with high tumor formation rate of colorectal tumors.
文摘Objective:To establish a sensitized canine model for kidney transplantation.Methods:12 male dogs were averagely grouped as donors and recipients. A small number of donor canine lymphocytes was infused into different anatomic locations of a paired canine recipient for each time and which was repeated weekly. Specific immune sensitization was monitored by means of Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC) and Mixed Lymphocyte Culture (MLC) test. When CDC test conversed to be positive and MLC test showed a significant proliferation of reactive lymphocytes of canine recipients, the right kidneys of the paired dogs were excised and transplanted to each other concurrently. Injury of renal allograft function was scheduled determined by ECT dynamic kidney photography and pathologic investigation. Results:CDC test usually conversed to be positive and reactive lymphocytes of canine recipients were also observed to be proliferated significantly in MLC test after 3 to 4 times of canine donor lymphocyte infusions. Renal allograft function deterioration occurred 4 d post-operatively in 4 of 6 canine recipients, in contrast to none in control dogs. Pathologic changes suggested antibody-mediated rejection (delayed) or acute rejection in 3 excised renal allograft of sensitized dogs. Seven days after operation, all sensitized dogs had lost graft function, pathologic changes of which showed that the renal allografts were seriously rejected. 2 of 3 dogs in control group were also acutely rejected.Conclusion:A convenient method by means of repeated stimulation of canine lymphocyte may induce specific immune sensitization in canine recipients. Renal allografts in sensitized dogs will be earlier rejected and result in a more deteriorated graft function.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 39470260)
文摘Objective. The purpose of the study was to build up an animal model of mitochondrial myopathy in order to analyse the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods. The skeletal muscles from Wistar rats treated with germanium dioxide for 24 weeks were analysed by histopathologic and electron- microscopic studies. A quantitative analysis was carried out in mitochondrial DNAs of these samples. The biological function of the model was determined. Results. An animal model of mitochondrial myopathy was built up, in which oxygen free radicals were increased and mitochondrial DNA copies were decreased contrasted with controls. Conclusion. It suggested that environmental toxin may play a role in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial myopathy. The increase of oxygen free radicals is an important link causing the disease.
文摘Objective: To study the cause and mechanism of transplantation vasculopathy which characterized by accelerated graft arteriosclerosis (AGA), we established a mouse aorta graft model. Methods: A segment of thoracic aortas of B10.A (2R) mice were transplanted to C57BL/10 mice abdominal aorta by end to side anastomoses. The different time point collected grafts were analyzed by morphological, histochemical and electro microscopic methods. Results: Rejection was manifested as a concentric progressive destruction of the smooth muscle cells. In contrast, the endothelial inflammation and subsequent neointimal proliferation characteristic of AGA was localized to the regions of turbulent flow, i.e. the junction of the graft with the recipient aorta. Conclusion: This model separates the processes of rejection and neointimal formation which usually manifested together in the lesion of AGA, elucidate that different mechanisms control vascular rejection and neointimal formation in chronic rejection.
基金Supported by the Key Sci-Tech Research Project of Shaanxi Province(2006K12-G3)
文摘Objective： To establish an experimental model of urethral stricture in rabbits. Methods： A total of 21 adult male New Zealand rabbits were included into group. After intravenous anesthesia, urethroscopy was performed with a pediatric resectoscope （F13）. Fifteen animals were randomly selected as the study group. A lcm-long circumferential electrocoagulation of the bulbar urethra was performed to these animals until ulceration of the mucosa. The remaining 6 animals underwent video urethroscopy without electrocoagulation, serving as controls. On the 30th day, retrograde urethrogram and urethroscopy were performed to evaluate urethral stricture formation, histological examinations （HE and Sirius Red staining） were done to assess urethral pathological change. Results： Two rabbits in study group died and no death occurred in controls. Based on urethrogram and urethroscopy, no rabbits in control group developed urethral stricture, while significant stricture formation was observed in every case of the study group. Histological examination showed a normal urethra in control cases, while at stricture site of the study group extensive fibrosis of muscle and submucous tis High collagen expression in fibrosis tissue was assayed sue by was observed with a large number of fibroblasts infiltration Sirius Red staining. Conclusion： A lcm-long endoscopic electrocoagulation can successfully induce urethral stricture formation in rabbit models. This method offers an ideal animal model for the fundamental and clinical study of urethral stricture
基金the auspices of the Royal British Legion Centre for Blast Injury Studies at Imperial College Londonthe financial support of the Royal British Legion。
文摘Heterotopic ossification(HO)is a consequence of traumatic bone and tissue damage,which occurs in 65%of military casualties with blast-associated amputations.However,the mechanisms behind blast-induced HO remain unclear.Animal models are used to study blast-induced HO,but developing such models is challenging,particularly in how to use a pure blast wave(primary blast)to induce limb fracture that then requires an amputation.Several studies,including our recent study,have developed platforms to induce limb fractures in rats with blast loading or a mixture of blast and impact loading.However,these models are limited by the survivability of the animal and repeatability of the model.In this study,we developed an improved platform,aiming to improve the animal's survivability and injury repeatability as well as focusing on primary blast only.The platform exposed only one limb of the rat to a blast wave while providing proper protection to the rest of the rat's body.We obtained very consistent fracture outcome in the tibia(location and pattern)in cadaveric rats with a large range of size and weight.Importantly,the rats did not obviously move during the test,where movement is a potential cause of uncontrolled injury.We further conducted parametric studies by varying the features of the design of the platform.These factors,such as how the limb is fixed and how the cavity through which the limb is placed is sealed,significantly affect the resulting injury.This platform and test setups enable well-controlled limb fracture induced directly by pure blast wave,which is the fundamental step towards a complete in vivo animal model for blast-induced HO induced by primary blast alone,excluding secondary and tertiary blast injury.In addition,the platform design and the findings presented here,particularly regarding the proper protection of the animal,have implications for future studies investigating localized blast injuries,such as blast induced brain and lung injuries.
文摘To explore the influence and significance of the ischemia reperfusion on the hepatic neoplasm, the hepatic VX2 neoplasm model of rabbits was established under the guide of ultrasonography; and ischemia was caused by using a non-traumatic vascular clamp to block the branches distributing in the left-middle lobe of the hepatic artery for 60 min, and subsequently the clamp was removed and the reperfusion injury of hepatic neoplasm occurred. At different time-points, the normal and hepatic neoplasm tissues of the animal models were taken out to detect the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) respectively.The results show that the products and injurious effects of oxygen free radical (OFR) of the neoplasm tissues are more serious than those of the normal hepatic tissues.
文摘近年来,随着以变应性鼻炎（AR）和变应性哮喘为代表的呼吸道变应性疾病在全球范围内发病率的升高,与之发病机制密切相关的CD4＋CD25＋T细胞及其特异性标志物Foxp3成为近年来的研究热点。在此前的实验中,我们对AR小鼠外周调节性T细胞（regulatory T cell,Treg）的表达特征进行了研究,发现实验组与正常对照组外周血表达有显著性差异,而脾脏表达两组间无显著性差异[1]。
