Taking the saline lake bischofite and NH4Cl that was removed with the ammonia method and continuously followed by filtration as raw materials with a molar ratio of 1∶1 of MgCl2 to NH4Cl, ammonium carnallite was synth...Taking the saline lake bischofite and NH4Cl that was removed with the ammonia method and continuously followed by filtration as raw materials with a molar ratio of 1∶1 of MgCl2 to NH4Cl, ammonium carnallite was synthesized. And then the ammonium carnallite was dehydrated to some extent at 160℃ for 4 h. Ammonium carnallite reacted with ammonia at 240℃ for 150 min and the ammonation ammonium carnallite was produced. Finally, the ammonation ammonium carnallite was calcined at 750℃ into anhydrous magnesium chloride containing only 0.1%（mass fraction） of MgO. On the other hand, dehydrated ammonium carnallite was mixed with the solid ammonium chloride at mass ratio 1∶4 at high temperature and with the differential pressure of NH3 above 30.5kPa. The dehydrated ammonium carnallite of mixture was dehydrated at 410℃, and then calcined at 700℃ into anhydrous magnesium chloride with only 0.087%（mass fraction） of MgO. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analysis results prove that anhydrous magnesium chloride obtained by both methods hasn’t mixed phases, the particle is large and even has good dispersion, which is suitable for preparation of metal magnesium in the electrolysis.展开更多
目的:比较针刺髓核、纤维环、终板注射无水乙醇所构建三种大鼠椎间盘退变(intervertebral disc degeneration,IDD)模型的差异。方法:将45只6周龄SD大鼠采用随机数字表法随机分为三组,每组15只,分别采用髓核注射(髓核注射组)、纤维环注射...目的:比较针刺髓核、纤维环、终板注射无水乙醇所构建三种大鼠椎间盘退变(intervertebral disc degeneration,IDD)模型的差异。方法:将45只6周龄SD大鼠采用随机数字表法随机分为三组,每组15只,分别采用髓核注射(髓核注射组)、纤维环注射(纤维环注射组)以及终板注射(终板注射组)三种针刺注射无水乙醇法对大鼠Co6/7椎间盘构建IDD模型,在造模术后1、2、3、4周采用随机数字表法分别在三组各随机挑选3只大鼠进行X线透视检查,并测量计算大鼠Co6/7的椎间高度指数(disc height index,DHI),随后进行过量麻醉处死取下Co6/7椎间盘连同相邻椎体进行苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色,观察退变情况并对退变程度进行组织学评分。结果:髓核注射组、纤维环注射组各有1只大鼠因麻醉意外死亡;终板注射组有2只大鼠因术后感染死亡。造模术后1、2、3、4周在各组剩余大鼠中每组选取3只,共36只大鼠纳入结果分析,剩余大鼠通过过量麻醉处死。各组造模后1周Co6/7 DHI均较造模前降低(髓核注射组0.117±0.002 vs 0.134±0.005;纤维环注射组0.126±0.005 vs 0.133±0.005;终板注射组0.127±0.002 vs 0.130±0.007,均P<0.05),且随着时间延长均逐渐降低。各组造模后,纤维环断裂,纤维排列逐渐紊乱,髓核基质、细胞逐渐丢失甚至全部消失,椎间盘逐渐坍塌,椎间隙逐渐狭窄。髓核注射组较另外两组退变速度更快,程度更高,造模4周后,髓核注射组DHI为0.090±0.008,低于纤维环注射组(0.106±0.007,P<0.05)及终板注射组(0.109±0.000,P<0.05);组织学评分髓核注射组为10.00±0.82分,高于纤维环注射组(9.00±1.41分,P<0.05)及终板注射组(8.75±0.96分,P<0.05)。结论:三种针刺注射无水乙醇法构建的三种IDD模型各有其特点,髓核注射法退变最快、程度最高,终板注射法退变最慢,但更符合自然退变过程,纤维环注射法介于两者之间。展开更多
基金Project(2000 G 101) supported by the Key Science and Technology Research Project of Qinghai Province
文摘Taking the saline lake bischofite and NH4Cl that was removed with the ammonia method and continuously followed by filtration as raw materials with a molar ratio of 1∶1 of MgCl2 to NH4Cl, ammonium carnallite was synthesized. And then the ammonium carnallite was dehydrated to some extent at 160℃ for 4 h. Ammonium carnallite reacted with ammonia at 240℃ for 150 min and the ammonation ammonium carnallite was produced. Finally, the ammonation ammonium carnallite was calcined at 750℃ into anhydrous magnesium chloride containing only 0.1%（mass fraction） of MgO. On the other hand, dehydrated ammonium carnallite was mixed with the solid ammonium chloride at mass ratio 1∶4 at high temperature and with the differential pressure of NH3 above 30.5kPa. The dehydrated ammonium carnallite of mixture was dehydrated at 410℃, and then calcined at 700℃ into anhydrous magnesium chloride with only 0.087%（mass fraction） of MgO. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analysis results prove that anhydrous magnesium chloride obtained by both methods hasn’t mixed phases, the particle is large and even has good dispersion, which is suitable for preparation of metal magnesium in the electrolysis.
文摘目的:比较针刺髓核、纤维环、终板注射无水乙醇所构建三种大鼠椎间盘退变(intervertebral disc degeneration,IDD)模型的差异。方法:将45只6周龄SD大鼠采用随机数字表法随机分为三组,每组15只,分别采用髓核注射(髓核注射组)、纤维环注射(纤维环注射组)以及终板注射(终板注射组)三种针刺注射无水乙醇法对大鼠Co6/7椎间盘构建IDD模型,在造模术后1、2、3、4周采用随机数字表法分别在三组各随机挑选3只大鼠进行X线透视检查,并测量计算大鼠Co6/7的椎间高度指数(disc height index,DHI),随后进行过量麻醉处死取下Co6/7椎间盘连同相邻椎体进行苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色,观察退变情况并对退变程度进行组织学评分。结果:髓核注射组、纤维环注射组各有1只大鼠因麻醉意外死亡;终板注射组有2只大鼠因术后感染死亡。造模术后1、2、3、4周在各组剩余大鼠中每组选取3只,共36只大鼠纳入结果分析,剩余大鼠通过过量麻醉处死。各组造模后1周Co6/7 DHI均较造模前降低(髓核注射组0.117±0.002 vs 0.134±0.005;纤维环注射组0.126±0.005 vs 0.133±0.005;终板注射组0.127±0.002 vs 0.130±0.007,均P<0.05),且随着时间延长均逐渐降低。各组造模后,纤维环断裂,纤维排列逐渐紊乱,髓核基质、细胞逐渐丢失甚至全部消失,椎间盘逐渐坍塌,椎间隙逐渐狭窄。髓核注射组较另外两组退变速度更快,程度更高,造模4周后,髓核注射组DHI为0.090±0.008,低于纤维环注射组(0.106±0.007,P<0.05)及终板注射组(0.109±0.000,P<0.05);组织学评分髓核注射组为10.00±0.82分,高于纤维环注射组(9.00±1.41分,P<0.05)及终板注射组(8.75±0.96分,P<0.05)。结论:三种针刺注射无水乙醇法构建的三种IDD模型各有其特点,髓核注射法退变最快、程度最高,终板注射法退变最慢,但更符合自然退变过程,纤维环注射法介于两者之间。
