Alkali-metal atomic magnetometers employing longitudinal carrier magnetic field have ultrahigh sensitivity to measure transverse magnetic fields and have been applied in a variety of precise-measurement science and te...Alkali-metal atomic magnetometers employing longitudinal carrier magnetic field have ultrahigh sensitivity to measure transverse magnetic fields and have been applied in a variety of precise-measurement science and technologies.In practice,the magnetometer response is not rigorously proportional to the measured transverse magnetic fields and the existing fundamental analytical model of this magnetometer is effective only when the amplitudes of the measured fields are very small.In this paper,we present a modified analytical model to characterize the practical performance of the magnetometer more definitely.We find out how the longitudinal magnetization of the alkali metal atoms vary with larger transverse fields.The linear-response capacity of the magnetometer is determined by these factors:the amplitude and frequency of the longitudinal carrier field,longitudinal and transverse spin relaxation time of the alkali spins and rotation frequency of the transverse fields.We give a detailed and rigorous theoretical derivation by using the perturbation-iteration method and simulation experiments are conducted to verify the validity and correctness of the proposed modified model.This model can be helpful for measuring larger fields more accurately and configuring a desirable magnetometer with proper linear range.展开更多
With the increasing demand for large-scale battery systems in electric vehicles（EVs） and smart renewable energy grids, organic materials including small molecules and polymers utilized as electrodes in rechargeable ...With the increasing demand for large-scale battery systems in electric vehicles（EVs） and smart renewable energy grids, organic materials including small molecules and polymers utilized as electrodes in rechargeable batteries have received increasing attraction. In recent years, two-dimensional（2D） organic materials possessing planar layered architecture exhibit optional chemical modification, high specific surface area as well as unique electrical/magnetic properties, which have been emerging as the promising functional materials for wide applications in optoelectronics, catalysis, sensing, etc. Integrating with high-density redox-active sites and hierarchical porous structure, significant achievements in 2D organic materials as cathode materials for alkali-metal-ion batteries have been witnessed. In this review, the recent progress in synthetic approaches, structure analyses, electrochemical characterizations of 2D organic materials as well as their application in alkali-metal-ion batteries containing lithium ion battery（LIB）, lithium sulfur battery（LSB）, lithium air battery（LAB） and sodium ion battery（SIB） are summarized systematically,and their current challenges including cycling stability and electron conductivity for cathode materials in battery fields are also discussed.展开更多
As the lightest two-dimensional material,monolayer borophene exhibits great potential as electrode materials,but it suffers from stability issues in the free-standing form.Here,the striped-borophene and graphene bilay...As the lightest two-dimensional material,monolayer borophene exhibits great potential as electrode materials,but it suffers from stability issues in the free-standing form.Here,the striped-borophene and graphene bilayer(sB/Gr)is found to be a high-performance anode material for rechargeable alkali-metal ion batteries.The first-principles results show that all the three alkali-metal atoms,Li,Na,and K,can be strongly adsorbed on sB/Gr with ultra-low diffusion barriers than that on pristine borophene/graphene,indicating good charge-discharge rates.Remarkably,high storage capacities are proposed for LIBs(1880 mA·h/g),NIBs(1648 mA·h/g),and KIBs(470 m A·h/g)with relatively small lattice change rate(<2.9%)in the process of alkali-metal atoms intercalations.These intriguing features of sB/Gr make it an excellent choice for batteries.展开更多
The collision of alkali-metal atoms at ultralow temperatures have been studied, The Scattering lengths and the effective range are calculated for 7Li, 23Na, 39K, 87Rb, and 133Cs.
基金the Hunan Graduate Research and Innovation Project(Grant No.CX2018B009)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(Grant No.2018JJ3608)+1 种基金the Research Project of National University of Defense Technology(Grant Nos.ZK170204 and ZZKY-YX-07-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61671458 and 61701515).
文摘Alkali-metal atomic magnetometers employing longitudinal carrier magnetic field have ultrahigh sensitivity to measure transverse magnetic fields and have been applied in a variety of precise-measurement science and technologies.In practice,the magnetometer response is not rigorously proportional to the measured transverse magnetic fields and the existing fundamental analytical model of this magnetometer is effective only when the amplitudes of the measured fields are very small.In this paper,we present a modified analytical model to characterize the practical performance of the magnetometer more definitely.We find out how the longitudinal magnetization of the alkali metal atoms vary with larger transverse fields.The linear-response capacity of the magnetometer is determined by these factors:the amplitude and frequency of the longitudinal carrier field,longitudinal and transverse spin relaxation time of the alkali spins and rotation frequency of the transverse fields.We give a detailed and rigorous theoretical derivation by using the perturbation-iteration method and simulation experiments are conducted to verify the validity and correctness of the proposed modified model.This model can be helpful for measuring larger fields more accurately and configuring a desirable magnetometer with proper linear range.
基金the financial support from the 973 Programs of China(2013CBA01602)NSFC for Excellent Youth Scholars(51722304)+4 种基金NSFC(21720102002,21574080 and 61306018)Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(15JC1490500,16JC1400703)and Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials(sklssm201732,Jilin University)State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry(2016-08,Jilin University)State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials(20161803,Xi’an Jiaotong University)
文摘With the increasing demand for large-scale battery systems in electric vehicles（EVs） and smart renewable energy grids, organic materials including small molecules and polymers utilized as electrodes in rechargeable batteries have received increasing attraction. In recent years, two-dimensional（2D） organic materials possessing planar layered architecture exhibit optional chemical modification, high specific surface area as well as unique electrical/magnetic properties, which have been emerging as the promising functional materials for wide applications in optoelectronics, catalysis, sensing, etc. Integrating with high-density redox-active sites and hierarchical porous structure, significant achievements in 2D organic materials as cathode materials for alkali-metal-ion batteries have been witnessed. In this review, the recent progress in synthetic approaches, structure analyses, electrochemical characterizations of 2D organic materials as well as their application in alkali-metal-ion batteries containing lithium ion battery（LIB）, lithium sulfur battery（LSB）, lithium air battery（LAB） and sodium ion battery（SIB） are summarized systematically,and their current challenges including cycling stability and electron conductivity for cathode materials in battery fields are also discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12174084)the Scientific and Technological Research Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.ZD2021065)the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.A2021205024)。
文摘As the lightest two-dimensional material,monolayer borophene exhibits great potential as electrode materials,but it suffers from stability issues in the free-standing form.Here,the striped-borophene and graphene bilayer(sB/Gr)is found to be a high-performance anode material for rechargeable alkali-metal ion batteries.The first-principles results show that all the three alkali-metal atoms,Li,Na,and K,can be strongly adsorbed on sB/Gr with ultra-low diffusion barriers than that on pristine borophene/graphene,indicating good charge-discharge rates.Remarkably,high storage capacities are proposed for LIBs(1880 mA·h/g),NIBs(1648 mA·h/g),and KIBs(470 m A·h/g)with relatively small lattice change rate(<2.9%)in the process of alkali-metal atoms intercalations.These intriguing features of sB/Gr make it an excellent choice for batteries.
文摘The collision of alkali-metal atoms at ultralow temperatures have been studied, The Scattering lengths and the effective range are calculated for 7Li, 23Na, 39K, 87Rb, and 133Cs.
