OBJECTIVE Alcoholism is one of the most damaging psychiatric disorders and causes serious social and health problems in the world. However,there are no ideal treatments for this disease in clinic.Phosphodiesterases(PD...OBJECTIVE Alcoholism is one of the most damaging psychiatric disorders and causes serious social and health problems in the world. However,there are no ideal treatments for this disease in clinic.Phosphodiesterases(PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes consisting of 11 PDE families that hydrolyze cyclicAMP(cA MP) and/or cyclicGMP(cGMP). Among them,PDE4 is critical in the control of intracellular cAMP levels and has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of ethanol consumption.However,the functional role of PDE4 in mediating alcoholism remains unclear. METHODS Ethanol drinking and preference were examined using the two-bottle choice and/or drinking-in-dark(DID) test in high alcohol preferring(HAP) animals,including C57,HAP,and PDE4-subtype knockout mice,and Fawn-Hooded(FH/Wjd) rats,treated with or without the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram or roflumilast. Ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors were examined using the elevated plusmaze,holeboard,forced-swim,and tail-suspension tests in C57 mice or FH rats in the presence of PDE4 inhibition. Levels of cAMP,CREB were determined in brain regions. RESULTS Treatment with rolipram or roflumilast decreased ethanol intake and preference in two-bottle choice and DID tests in C57 and HAP mice as well as FH rats. Mice deficient in PDE4 B,but not PDE4 D,displayed similar effects to general PDE4 inhibition. In addition,rolipram reversed ethanol withdrawal-induced anxietyand depressive-like behaviors 1 d and 14 d,respectively,following withdrawal from ethanol drinking in the two-bottle choice in C57 mice or FH rats. Locomotor activity was not changed in either mice or rats treated with the PDE4 inhibitors. Levels of cAMP,p CREB in the brain were increased by rolipram.CONCLUSION The results provide solid evidence for the important role of PDE4 in ethanol consumptionand ethanol withdrawal-induced symptoms. Inhibitors of PDE4,in particular the PDE4 B isoform,can be a novel class of treatment for alcoholism.展开更多
The structure-performance relationship of Cu/Al_(2)O_(3) catalysts in the hydrogenation of diethyl oxalate(DEO)for the synthesis of alcohol ether esters has been investigated by various characterization techniques inc...The structure-performance relationship of Cu/Al_(2)O_(3) catalysts in the hydrogenation of diethyl oxalate(DEO)for the synthesis of alcohol ether esters has been investigated by various characterization techniques including XRD,XPS,N2O titration,and 27Al MAS-NMR.The results showed that when the crystal configurations of Al_(2)O_(3) were the same,increasing the specific surface area could effectively refine the size of copper nanoparticles(Cu NPs),and ultimately improve the conversion of DEO.Meanwhile,the smaller size ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(HSAl and SBAl)loaded Cu NPs promotes the reaction towards the deep hydrogenation to produce ethanol(EtOH)and ethylene glycol(EG).Besides,the larger size of Cu NPs on the surface of amorphous Al_(2)O_(3)(HTAl and SolAl)resulted in a lower conversion rate,where ethyl glycolate(Egly)is the main product.Despite there are differences in Al^(3+)ionic coordination in Al_(2)O_(3) with different crystal structures,the experimental data showed that the differences in Al^(3+)ionic coordination did not significantly affect the catalytic performance in the hydrogenation reaction.The formation of alcohol-ether ester chemicals is critically dependent on the interactions between Cu sites and acidic sites.Among them,EG and EtOH were dehydrated to form 2-ethoxyethanol via the SN2 mechanism,while Egly and EtOH were reacted to form ethyl ethoxyacetate(EEA)via the SN2 mechanism.This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of the coal-based glycol processes to achieve a diversified product portfolio.展开更多
In this work,a novel alcohol alkali hydrolysis method was explored for the preparation of terephthalic acid(TPA)from waste polyethylene terephthalate(PET).First,a series of single factor experiments on the depolymeriz...In this work,a novel alcohol alkali hydrolysis method was explored for the preparation of terephthalic acid(TPA)from waste polyethylene terephthalate(PET).First,a series of single factor experiments on the depolymerization rate of waste PET bottles and the yield of TPA were conducted to determine the optimized experimental conditions,in terms of reaction time,reaction temperature,dosage of ethylene glycol and sodium bicarbonate,amount of distilled water and stirring rate.Then IR spectra and elemental analysis were carried out for the characterization of obtained product.Under optimal experimental conditions,over 98%PET can be depolymerized into the target product(TPA)and the purity and yield of TPA are over 97%and 94%,respectively.Both the experimental and analytical results support a feasible process for the preparation of TPA from waste PET.It is expected that this alcohol alkali hydrolysis method can promise an effective way for the sustainable recycling of waste PET.展开更多
A novel technology of preparation of felt-metal supported modified polyvinyl alcohol（PVA） ultrafiltration（UF） membrane was invented, which could avoid the blockage of the holes of support layer and the leakage of ...A novel technology of preparation of felt-metal supported modified polyvinyl alcohol（PVA） ultrafiltration（UF） membrane was invented, which could avoid the blockage of the holes of support layer and the leakage of the casting solution through the holes of support layer. Felt-metal supported ferric sulfate modified PVA composite UF membranes were prepared by the innovative technology. The results show that the composite membranes are used to treat 1 000 mg/L oil/water emulsion at trans-membrane pressure from 0.25 to 0.45 MPa, the permeate flux is from 36 to 52 L/（m2·h）, and the retention of chemical oxygen demand（COD） is over 92%. The composite membrane resistance increases with the increase of trans-naembrane pressure.展开更多
Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) physiological saline gel was prepared using physiological saline solution of the polymer by freezing and thawing method. The influences of the concentration of PVA, freezing and thawing cycle ti...Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) physiological saline gel was prepared using physiological saline solution of the polymer by freezing and thawing method. The influences of the concentration of PVA, freezing and thawing cycle times and solvent swelling media on the swelling properties of PVA saline gel were investigated. The result show that the electrolytical ions have great effect on the swelling behavior of PVA saline gel. The equilibrium swelling ratio of PVA saline gel in aqueous swelling media is larger than that in saline swelling media. Also, the equilibrium swelling ratios of PVA saline gel in aqueous and in saline media decrease with the increase of gel concentration and the increase of freezing and thawing cycle times. The decreasing speed of equilibrium swelling ratio with the increase of freezing and thawing cycle times of PVA gel in distilled water is faster than that in physiological saline. The swelling kinetic equation can sufficiently describe the swelling behavior of PVA physiological saline gel.展开更多
Reagents:PMS(KHSO_(5)·0.5KHSO_(4)·0.5K_(2)SO_(4),KHSO_(5)),MO,cobalt chloride(CoCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),ferric chloride(FeCl3·6H_(2)O),sodium metasilicate nonahydrate(Na_(2)SiO_(3)·9H_(2)O),methanol(M...Reagents:PMS(KHSO_(5)·0.5KHSO_(4)·0.5K_(2)SO_(4),KHSO_(5)),MO,cobalt chloride(CoCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),ferric chloride(FeCl3·6H_(2)O),sodium metasilicate nonahydrate(Na_(2)SiO_(3)·9H_(2)O),methanol(MeOH),tert-butyl alcohol(TBA),p-Benzoquinone(p-BQ),furfuryl alcohol(FFA),sodium carbonate(Na_(2)CO_(3)),sodium sulfate(Na_(2)SO_(4)),sodium chloride(NaCl)and potassium phosphate monobasic(KH_(2)PO_(4))were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co.,Ltd(Shanghai,China).Coal gangue were collected from Huainan,China.All chemicals above are analytical grade,and deionized water was used throughout all experiments.展开更多
Oenoccoccus oeni is an alcohol-tolerant, acidophilic lactic acid bacterium with its ability to perform malolactic fermentation in wine, which is of fundamental importance in oenology. As a representative of the wine b...Oenoccoccus oeni is an alcohol-tolerant, acidophilic lactic acid bacterium with its ability to perform malolactic fermentation in wine, which is of fundamental importance in oenology. As a representative of the wine bacterium with remarkable adaptability to the very harsh physicochemical conditions of wine, many studies were carded out for its applied interest and focused mainly on its stress response mechanisms of O. oeni. on both physiological and molecular levels. In this review, three main stress response mechanisms in O. oeni during culturing process were addressed. Of them, various solute transporters and secondary metabolic energy-generating systems were utilized to control the intracellular environment and the energetic status of O. oeni. The changes in cell membrane fatty acid composition profiles and synthesis of stress proteins, especially small heat shock proteins were required for active cell response to maintain membrane integrity and function under stress conditions. The study on stress response of O. oeni played an important role on culture bacteria selection, making inoculation culture and construction of other engineering bacteria.展开更多
Reaction of Cp2TiCl2-Mg synthetic equivalent of practical Ti(II) reagent with propargyl alcohol derivatives affords allenyl titanium compounds in good yields.thus, providing an efficient and practical methods for synt...Reaction of Cp2TiCl2-Mg synthetic equivalent of practical Ti(II) reagent with propargyl alcohol derivatives affords allenyl titanium compounds in good yields.thus, providing an efficient and practical methods for synthesis of both allenyl and homopropargyl alcohols by the successive treatment with aldehydes and ketones.展开更多
Metal-polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) composite ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by coating a certain concentration of PVA solution on metallic fiber sintered membranes. The effects of preparation conditions, such as th...Metal-polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) composite ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by coating a certain concentration of PVA solution on metallic fiber sintered membranes. The effects of preparation conditions, such as the coating solution concentration, sequence and times of coating, and heat-treatment on the properties of the composite membranes were studied. The results show that the hole diameter of the composite membrane decreases with the increase of the concentration of PVA, the hole diameter of composite membrane is different when the sequence of coating is different. When the higher concentration of PVA solution is used to coat the metallic membrane for the first time and the other smaller one for the second time, the hole diameter of the composite membrane is relatively small, compared with that of the composite membrane made by the smaller concentration of PVA solution for the first time and the other higher one for the second time. The holes of the composite membrane contract and the stability of the membrane is improved by heat treatment. When metal-PVA composite hydrophilic membranes are used to treat the oil/water emulsion with the concentration of 1 000 mg·L -1 , the retention is from 80% to 90%, and the permeate flux is from 15 L·m -2 ·h -1 to 40 L·m -2 ·h -1 at pressure of 0.2 to 0.3 MPa.展开更多
Alcoholic hepatitis(AH)was first reported in 1961 as an acute disease in alcoholics with severe clinical syndromes including jaundice,anorexia,nausea,upper abdominal pain,hepatomegaly and fever etc.1 Today,it is gener...Alcoholic hepatitis(AH)was first reported in 1961 as an acute disease in alcoholics with severe clinical syndromes including jaundice,anorexia,nausea,upper abdominal pain,hepatomegaly and fever etc.1 Today,it is generally accepted that severe AH is a form of acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with underlying chronic alcohol-related liver disease(ALD).The detailed diagnosis of AH was recently defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism(NIAAA)-supported consortia and published in 2016.2 The first diagnostic criterion is alcohol drinking history,which includes heavy drinking>5 years,recent drinking>6 months with<60 days of abstinence before the onset of jaundice,and men with>4 drinks(50-60 g)/day,and women with>3 drinks(40 g)/day.The typical clinical sign is jaundice with some non-specific signs and symptoms including malaise,tender hepatomegaly,decompensation(ascites,encephalopathy,bacterial infection,variceal bleeding).展开更多
Aim Ginseng is the dried root of Panax ginseng C. A. Mayer. Since ancient times, ginseng has been used as one kind of treatment drug or tonic in China and even other eastern countries like Korea and Japan. Phar- macol...Aim Ginseng is the dried root of Panax ginseng C. A. Mayer. Since ancient times, ginseng has been used as one kind of treatment drug or tonic in China and even other eastern countries like Korea and Japan. Phar- macological active chemical ingredients and its extract of ginseng are a mixture of triterpenoid saponins, collectively called ginsenosides. Among them, ginsenoside Rgl is the most pharmacological active one. Based on prior experi- mental results and the understanding of alcoholic hepatitis, the major aim of this study is to investigate whether Rgl is beneficial in a rodent model mimic alcoholic hepatic injury associated with binge drinking and explore the under- lying possible mechanisms. Methods C57BL/6 mice were given oral consumption of 6 g · kg^-1 alcohol 1 h after treated with Rgl （ 10, 20 and 40 mg · kg^-1） or dexamethasone （ 1 mg · kg^-1） for 9 consecutive days. Biochemi- cal analyses were performed and liver fragments were processed for microscopy, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Results According to our data, Rgl treatment significantly reversed the high mortality rate induced by alcohol consumption and also alleviated liver impairment as evidenced by the decrease of serum parameters. Meanwhile, histological and ultrastructural analysis of alcoholic groups showed hepatocellular impairment but re- stored in Rgl-treated groups. Overproductive inflammatory cytokines were also suppressed by Rgl in alcohol-intoxi- cated mouse livers. In addition, changes of GR related NF-KB pathway, including phospho-IKB-ot, were also mod- ulated to normal levels. Conclusion This study demonstrates that Rgl might promote GR mediating the repression of NF-KB and inhibit the inflammatory reactions in alcoholic hepatitis.展开更多
Three strains of aerobic denitrifiers,named as AT3,AT6 and AT7,were isolated from concentric-circles reactor with diversion wall possessing simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) effect of 69%. The three...Three strains of aerobic denitrifiers,named as AT3,AT6 and AT7,were isolated from concentric-circles reactor with diversion wall possessing simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) effect of 69%. The three strains are all gram-positive and rod-shaped,and their colonial colors are pale yellow,milk white and pink,respectively. Combined with 16SrDNA sequence homology comparison and biochemical tests,AT3 and AT7 were identified to belong to Rhodococcus,and AT6 to Gordonia. These bacterial strains could grow well in the medium with potassium nitrate as nitrogen source and sodium citrate as carbon source. Based on the enhanced nitrogen removal experiments of selected bacteria mixture for activated sludge,the inoculum amount of 5% was supposed to be proper. The mixed biomass suspension of selected strains with PVA immobilization was put into the concentric-circles reactor in order to study the characteristics of enhanced nitrogen removal after amplifying cultivation with inoculated amount of 5%. The experimental results show that the average removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total nitrogen (TN) in the reactor enhanced with aerobic denitrifying bacteria using PVA are 92.18% and 79.14% respectively,increasing by 5.29% and 7.83% respectively compared with removal effects of control group without strains enhancement.展开更多
To study the effects of Bai-Hua-Qian-Hu on cardiovascular system,emphasis was put on the research of Bai-Hua-Qian-Hu extracted with water and alcohol on coronary flow and some cardiovascular indices in both isolated p...To study the effects of Bai-Hua-Qian-Hu on cardiovascular system,emphasis was put on the research of Bai-Hua-Qian-Hu extracted with water and alcohol on coronary flow and some cardiovascular indices in both isolated preparations and intact normal animals. The results showed that extract obtained with water and alcohol （Pd-wa） increased coronary flow in isolated rabbit heart and in the anaesthetized cats, Pd-wa antagonised the strip contraction either in canine coronary artery or in rabbit aorta, and increased myocardial nutrient blood flow in mice, The values of LD<sub>50</sub> by peritoneal and intravenous injection proved that Pd-wa was very safe.展开更多
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of puerarin on alcoholtoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma cell line(PC12). METHODS The PC12 cells were incubated with different concentrations of p...OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of puerarin on alcoholtoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma cell line(PC12). METHODS The PC12 cells were incubated with different concentrations of puerarin in advance. The protective effects of the puerarin on alcohol induced PC12 cel impairment were evaluated according to the fol owing approach: the viability of PC12 cel was determined by MTT assay and the impairment level was evaluated by analysis the leakage content of the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH). The cel apoptosis degree and the pro-apoptotic p53 protein expression were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Alcohol significantly impaired PC12 cel viability(P<0.05),and increased LDH leakage(P<0.05),induced cell apoptosis and upregulated expression of p53(P<0.05).While Puerarin significantly reversed these changes(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Puerarin might exert protection effect against ethanol-induced neurotoxicity via inhibition the expression of p53 protein.展开更多
A sacrificial reductant-free copper-catalyzed benzylic C-H alkoxylation with N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide(NFSI)was reported.Mechanistic studies suggested a novel pathway for the generation of active CuI species from Cu(...A sacrificial reductant-free copper-catalyzed benzylic C-H alkoxylation with N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide(NFSI)was reported.Mechanistic studies suggested a novel pathway for the generation of active CuI species from Cu(OAc)2,NFSI and MeOH.A proper loading amount of copper catalyst was found to balance the reaction rates of benzylic C-H alkoxylation and overoxidation of benzyl ether to exhibit the best performance.展开更多
·Safer＇chemsex＇：GPs＇role in harm reduction for emerging forms of recreational drug use安全＂chemsex＂：全科医生在减少新兴形式毒品伤害方面的作用·Managing older people＇s alcohol misuse in primary care初...·Safer＇chemsex＇：GPs＇role in harm reduction for emerging forms of recreational drug use安全＂chemsex＂：全科医生在减少新兴形式毒品伤害方面的作用·Managing older people＇s alcohol misuse in primary care初级医疗对老年人乙醇滥用的管理·The role of general practice in following up patients with trauma全科医生在创伤患者随访中的作用·Rhetoric and reality in person-centred care：introducing the House of Care framework以人为中心护理的修辞和现实：展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE Alcoholism is one of the most damaging psychiatric disorders and causes serious social and health problems in the world. However,there are no ideal treatments for this disease in clinic.Phosphodiesterases(PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes consisting of 11 PDE families that hydrolyze cyclicAMP(cA MP) and/or cyclicGMP(cGMP). Among them,PDE4 is critical in the control of intracellular cAMP levels and has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of ethanol consumption.However,the functional role of PDE4 in mediating alcoholism remains unclear. METHODS Ethanol drinking and preference were examined using the two-bottle choice and/or drinking-in-dark(DID) test in high alcohol preferring(HAP) animals,including C57,HAP,and PDE4-subtype knockout mice,and Fawn-Hooded(FH/Wjd) rats,treated with or without the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram or roflumilast. Ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors were examined using the elevated plusmaze,holeboard,forced-swim,and tail-suspension tests in C57 mice or FH rats in the presence of PDE4 inhibition. Levels of cAMP,CREB were determined in brain regions. RESULTS Treatment with rolipram or roflumilast decreased ethanol intake and preference in two-bottle choice and DID tests in C57 and HAP mice as well as FH rats. Mice deficient in PDE4 B,but not PDE4 D,displayed similar effects to general PDE4 inhibition. In addition,rolipram reversed ethanol withdrawal-induced anxietyand depressive-like behaviors 1 d and 14 d,respectively,following withdrawal from ethanol drinking in the two-bottle choice in C57 mice or FH rats. Locomotor activity was not changed in either mice or rats treated with the PDE4 inhibitors. Levels of cAMP,p CREB in the brain were increased by rolipram.CONCLUSION The results provide solid evidence for the important role of PDE4 in ethanol consumptionand ethanol withdrawal-induced symptoms. Inhibitors of PDE4,in particular the PDE4 B isoform,can be a novel class of treatment for alcoholism.
文摘The structure-performance relationship of Cu/Al_(2)O_(3) catalysts in the hydrogenation of diethyl oxalate(DEO)for the synthesis of alcohol ether esters has been investigated by various characterization techniques including XRD,XPS,N2O titration,and 27Al MAS-NMR.The results showed that when the crystal configurations of Al_(2)O_(3) were the same,increasing the specific surface area could effectively refine the size of copper nanoparticles(Cu NPs),and ultimately improve the conversion of DEO.Meanwhile,the smaller size ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(HSAl and SBAl)loaded Cu NPs promotes the reaction towards the deep hydrogenation to produce ethanol(EtOH)and ethylene glycol(EG).Besides,the larger size of Cu NPs on the surface of amorphous Al_(2)O_(3)(HTAl and SolAl)resulted in a lower conversion rate,where ethyl glycolate(Egly)is the main product.Despite there are differences in Al^(3+)ionic coordination in Al_(2)O_(3) with different crystal structures,the experimental data showed that the differences in Al^(3+)ionic coordination did not significantly affect the catalytic performance in the hydrogenation reaction.The formation of alcohol-ether ester chemicals is critically dependent on the interactions between Cu sites and acidic sites.Among them,EG and EtOH were dehydrated to form 2-ethoxyethanol via the SN2 mechanism,while Egly and EtOH were reacted to form ethyl ethoxyacetate(EEA)via the SN2 mechanism.This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of the coal-based glycol processes to achieve a diversified product portfolio.
基金Project(2016TP1007)supported by the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan,China
文摘In this work,a novel alcohol alkali hydrolysis method was explored for the preparation of terephthalic acid(TPA)from waste polyethylene terephthalate(PET).First,a series of single factor experiments on the depolymerization rate of waste PET bottles and the yield of TPA were conducted to determine the optimized experimental conditions,in terms of reaction time,reaction temperature,dosage of ethylene glycol and sodium bicarbonate,amount of distilled water and stirring rate.Then IR spectra and elemental analysis were carried out for the characterization of obtained product.Under optimal experimental conditions,over 98%PET can be depolymerized into the target product(TPA)and the purity and yield of TPA are over 97%and 94%,respectively.Both the experimental and analytical results support a feasible process for the preparation of TPA from waste PET.It is expected that this alcohol alkali hydrolysis method can promise an effective way for the sustainable recycling of waste PET.
文摘A novel technology of preparation of felt-metal supported modified polyvinyl alcohol（PVA） ultrafiltration（UF） membrane was invented, which could avoid the blockage of the holes of support layer and the leakage of the casting solution through the holes of support layer. Felt-metal supported ferric sulfate modified PVA composite UF membranes were prepared by the innovative technology. The results show that the composite membranes are used to treat 1 000 mg/L oil/water emulsion at trans-membrane pressure from 0.25 to 0.45 MPa, the permeate flux is from 36 to 52 L/（m2·h）, and the retention of chemical oxygen demand（COD） is over 92%. The composite membrane resistance increases with the increase of trans-naembrane pressure.
文摘Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) physiological saline gel was prepared using physiological saline solution of the polymer by freezing and thawing method. The influences of the concentration of PVA, freezing and thawing cycle times and solvent swelling media on the swelling properties of PVA saline gel were investigated. The result show that the electrolytical ions have great effect on the swelling behavior of PVA saline gel. The equilibrium swelling ratio of PVA saline gel in aqueous swelling media is larger than that in saline swelling media. Also, the equilibrium swelling ratios of PVA saline gel in aqueous and in saline media decrease with the increase of gel concentration and the increase of freezing and thawing cycle times. The decreasing speed of equilibrium swelling ratio with the increase of freezing and thawing cycle times of PVA gel in distilled water is faster than that in physiological saline. The swelling kinetic equation can sufficiently describe the swelling behavior of PVA physiological saline gel.
文摘Reagents:PMS(KHSO_(5)·0.5KHSO_(4)·0.5K_(2)SO_(4),KHSO_(5)),MO,cobalt chloride(CoCl_(2)·6H_(2)O),ferric chloride(FeCl3·6H_(2)O),sodium metasilicate nonahydrate(Na_(2)SiO_(3)·9H_(2)O),methanol(MeOH),tert-butyl alcohol(TBA),p-Benzoquinone(p-BQ),furfuryl alcohol(FFA),sodium carbonate(Na_(2)CO_(3)),sodium sulfate(Na_(2)SO_(4)),sodium chloride(NaCl)and potassium phosphate monobasic(KH_(2)PO_(4))were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co.,Ltd(Shanghai,China).Coal gangue were collected from Huainan,China.All chemicals above are analytical grade,and deionized water was used throughout all experiments.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Fund of North University of ChinaShanxi Scholarship Council of China
文摘Oenoccoccus oeni is an alcohol-tolerant, acidophilic lactic acid bacterium with its ability to perform malolactic fermentation in wine, which is of fundamental importance in oenology. As a representative of the wine bacterium with remarkable adaptability to the very harsh physicochemical conditions of wine, many studies were carded out for its applied interest and focused mainly on its stress response mechanisms of O. oeni. on both physiological and molecular levels. In this review, three main stress response mechanisms in O. oeni during culturing process were addressed. Of them, various solute transporters and secondary metabolic energy-generating systems were utilized to control the intracellular environment and the energetic status of O. oeni. The changes in cell membrane fatty acid composition profiles and synthesis of stress proteins, especially small heat shock proteins were required for active cell response to maintain membrane integrity and function under stress conditions. The study on stress response of O. oeni played an important role on culture bacteria selection, making inoculation culture and construction of other engineering bacteria.
文摘Reaction of Cp2TiCl2-Mg synthetic equivalent of practical Ti(II) reagent with propargyl alcohol derivatives affords allenyl titanium compounds in good yields.thus, providing an efficient and practical methods for synthesis of both allenyl and homopropargyl alcohols by the successive treatment with aldehydes and ketones.
文摘Metal-polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) composite ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by coating a certain concentration of PVA solution on metallic fiber sintered membranes. The effects of preparation conditions, such as the coating solution concentration, sequence and times of coating, and heat-treatment on the properties of the composite membranes were studied. The results show that the hole diameter of the composite membrane decreases with the increase of the concentration of PVA, the hole diameter of composite membrane is different when the sequence of coating is different. When the higher concentration of PVA solution is used to coat the metallic membrane for the first time and the other smaller one for the second time, the hole diameter of the composite membrane is relatively small, compared with that of the composite membrane made by the smaller concentration of PVA solution for the first time and the other higher one for the second time. The holes of the composite membrane contract and the stability of the membrane is improved by heat treatment. When metal-PVA composite hydrophilic membranes are used to treat the oil/water emulsion with the concentration of 1 000 mg·L -1 , the retention is from 80% to 90%, and the permeate flux is from 15 L·m -2 ·h -1 to 40 L·m -2 ·h -1 at pressure of 0.2 to 0.3 MPa.
文摘Alcoholic hepatitis(AH)was first reported in 1961 as an acute disease in alcoholics with severe clinical syndromes including jaundice,anorexia,nausea,upper abdominal pain,hepatomegaly and fever etc.1 Today,it is generally accepted that severe AH is a form of acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with underlying chronic alcohol-related liver disease(ALD).The detailed diagnosis of AH was recently defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism(NIAAA)-supported consortia and published in 2016.2 The first diagnostic criterion is alcohol drinking history,which includes heavy drinking>5 years,recent drinking>6 months with<60 days of abstinence before the onset of jaundice,and men with>4 drinks(50-60 g)/day,and women with>3 drinks(40 g)/day.The typical clinical sign is jaundice with some non-specific signs and symptoms including malaise,tender hepatomegaly,decompensation(ascites,encephalopathy,bacterial infection,variceal bleeding).
文摘Aim Ginseng is the dried root of Panax ginseng C. A. Mayer. Since ancient times, ginseng has been used as one kind of treatment drug or tonic in China and even other eastern countries like Korea and Japan. Phar- macological active chemical ingredients and its extract of ginseng are a mixture of triterpenoid saponins, collectively called ginsenosides. Among them, ginsenoside Rgl is the most pharmacological active one. Based on prior experi- mental results and the understanding of alcoholic hepatitis, the major aim of this study is to investigate whether Rgl is beneficial in a rodent model mimic alcoholic hepatic injury associated with binge drinking and explore the under- lying possible mechanisms. Methods C57BL/6 mice were given oral consumption of 6 g · kg^-1 alcohol 1 h after treated with Rgl （ 10, 20 and 40 mg · kg^-1） or dexamethasone （ 1 mg · kg^-1） for 9 consecutive days. Biochemi- cal analyses were performed and liver fragments were processed for microscopy, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Results According to our data, Rgl treatment significantly reversed the high mortality rate induced by alcohol consumption and also alleviated liver impairment as evidenced by the decrease of serum parameters. Meanwhile, histological and ultrastructural analysis of alcoholic groups showed hepatocellular impairment but re- stored in Rgl-treated groups. Overproductive inflammatory cytokines were also suppressed by Rgl in alcohol-intoxi- cated mouse livers. In addition, changes of GR related NF-KB pathway, including phospho-IKB-ot, were also mod- ulated to normal levels. Conclusion This study demonstrates that Rgl might promote GR mediating the repression of NF-KB and inhibit the inflammatory reactions in alcoholic hepatitis.
基金Science and Technology Cooperation Project (2007DFA90660) supported by the International Cooperation Program of Ministry of Science and TechnologyProject(CSTC,2008BB7305) supported by the Natural Science Funds of ChongqingProject(CSTS,2006AA7003) supported by the Major Scientific and Technical Program
文摘Three strains of aerobic denitrifiers,named as AT3,AT6 and AT7,were isolated from concentric-circles reactor with diversion wall possessing simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) effect of 69%. The three strains are all gram-positive and rod-shaped,and their colonial colors are pale yellow,milk white and pink,respectively. Combined with 16SrDNA sequence homology comparison and biochemical tests,AT3 and AT7 were identified to belong to Rhodococcus,and AT6 to Gordonia. These bacterial strains could grow well in the medium with potassium nitrate as nitrogen source and sodium citrate as carbon source. Based on the enhanced nitrogen removal experiments of selected bacteria mixture for activated sludge,the inoculum amount of 5% was supposed to be proper. The mixed biomass suspension of selected strains with PVA immobilization was put into the concentric-circles reactor in order to study the characteristics of enhanced nitrogen removal after amplifying cultivation with inoculated amount of 5%. The experimental results show that the average removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total nitrogen (TN) in the reactor enhanced with aerobic denitrifying bacteria using PVA are 92.18% and 79.14% respectively,increasing by 5.29% and 7.83% respectively compared with removal effects of control group without strains enhancement.
文摘To study the effects of Bai-Hua-Qian-Hu on cardiovascular system,emphasis was put on the research of Bai-Hua-Qian-Hu extracted with water and alcohol on coronary flow and some cardiovascular indices in both isolated preparations and intact normal animals. The results showed that extract obtained with water and alcohol （Pd-wa） increased coronary flow in isolated rabbit heart and in the anaesthetized cats, Pd-wa antagonised the strip contraction either in canine coronary artery or in rabbit aorta, and increased myocardial nutrient blood flow in mice, The values of LD<sub>50</sub> by peritoneal and intravenous injection proved that Pd-wa was very safe.
基金The project supported by National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(201510439085)
文摘OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of puerarin on alcoholtoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma cell line(PC12). METHODS The PC12 cells were incubated with different concentrations of puerarin in advance. The protective effects of the puerarin on alcohol induced PC12 cel impairment were evaluated according to the fol owing approach: the viability of PC12 cel was determined by MTT assay and the impairment level was evaluated by analysis the leakage content of the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH). The cel apoptosis degree and the pro-apoptotic p53 protein expression were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Alcohol significantly impaired PC12 cel viability(P<0.05),and increased LDH leakage(P<0.05),induced cell apoptosis and upregulated expression of p53(P<0.05).While Puerarin significantly reversed these changes(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Puerarin might exert protection effect against ethanol-induced neurotoxicity via inhibition the expression of p53 protein.
基金supported by USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(YD2060002024)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2020448)+2 种基金National Natur-al Science Foundation of China(22171254)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2108085MB58)Start-up Research Fund from University of Science and Technology of China(KY2060000216).
文摘A sacrificial reductant-free copper-catalyzed benzylic C-H alkoxylation with N-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide(NFSI)was reported.Mechanistic studies suggested a novel pathway for the generation of active CuI species from Cu(OAc)2,NFSI and MeOH.A proper loading amount of copper catalyst was found to balance the reaction rates of benzylic C-H alkoxylation and overoxidation of benzyl ether to exhibit the best performance.
文摘·Safer＇chemsex＇：GPs＇role in harm reduction for emerging forms of recreational drug use安全＂chemsex＂：全科医生在减少新兴形式毒品伤害方面的作用·Managing older people＇s alcohol misuse in primary care初级医疗对老年人乙醇滥用的管理·The role of general practice in following up patients with trauma全科医生在创伤患者随访中的作用·Rhetoric and reality in person-centred care：introducing the House of Care framework以人为中心护理的修辞和现实：
