To explore the relationship between summer office set air-conditioning temperature and energy consumption related to air conditioning use to provide human thermal comfort,a comparison experiment was conducted in three...To explore the relationship between summer office set air-conditioning temperature and energy consumption related to air conditioning use to provide human thermal comfort,a comparison experiment was conducted in three similar offices at temperatures of 24,26 and 28 ℃ respectively. A thermal comfort questionnaire survey was conducted. It is demonstrated that air-conditioner energy consumption at the set temperature of 28 ℃ is 113% and 271% lower than at 26 ℃ and 24 ℃,respectively. A linear relationship exists between air-conditioner energy consumption and the indoor and outdoor temperature difference. When comfortably dressed,over 80% of research participants accept the set temperature of 28 ℃. The regression analysis leads to a neutral temperature of 26.2 ℃ and an acceptable temperature of 28.2 ℃ for over 80% of the research participants subjects,indicating that the current 26 ℃ set temperature for offices in summer,required by Chinese General Office of the State Council,can be increased to 28 ℃. Moreover,analysis of predicted mean vote(PMV) index shows that a set temperature of 27 ℃,not 26 ℃,is sufficiently comfortable for office staff wearing long-sleeve shirts,long pants and leather shoes.展开更多
This paper presented an entropy evaluation method for the influences of condense heat recovery system on the environment.Aiming at the damage of the condense heat to the environment,an entropy of resource loss and an ...This paper presented an entropy evaluation method for the influences of condense heat recovery system on the environment.Aiming at the damage of the condense heat to the environment,an entropy of resource loss and an emission entropy from the condense heat recovery system in the air conditioning refrigerating machine were introduced.For the evaluation of the entropies,we developed a new algorithm for the parameter identification,called the composite influence coefficient,based on the Least Squares Support Vector Machine method.By simulation,the numerical experiments shows that the Least Squares Support Vector Machine method is one of the powerful methods for the parameter identification to compute the damage entropy of the condense heat,with the largest training error being-0.025(the relative error being-3.56%),and the biggest test error being 0.015(the relative error being 2.5%).展开更多
Two building factors-a longer thermal lag of more than one hour for building envelops and a lag of indoor radiation to convert into cooling load-have impact on the instantaneous heat input and instantaneous cooling lo...Two building factors-a longer thermal lag of more than one hour for building envelops and a lag of indoor radiation to convert into cooling load-have impact on the instantaneous heat input and instantaneous cooling load.So the two factors should be taken into account when selecting the weather parameters for air-conditioning system design.This paper developed a new statistic method for the rational selection of coincident solar irradiance,dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures.The method was applied to historic weather records of 25 years in Hong Kong to generate coincident design weather data.And the results show that traditional design solar irradiance,dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures may be significantly overestimated in many conditions,and the design weather data for the three different constructions is not kept constant.展开更多
Energy-saving air-conditioner with hot water is an air source heat pump air-conditioner,which can also supply hot water.The hot water is heated by a double pipe condenser connected with an air-cooled condenser in seri...Energy-saving air-conditioner with hot water is an air source heat pump air-conditioner,which can also supply hot water.The hot water is heated by a double pipe condenser connected with an air-cooled condenser in series in the system.This experiment of the energy-saving air-conditioner was carried out in the enthalpy-difference air-conditioner laboratory.The hot water temperature and the compressor's discharge and suction pressure were recorded in the working condition,where the ambient temperature was at 43 ℃,35 ℃,21 ℃,7 ℃,and 2 ℃ separately.The results showed that the system operated stably and reliably.This system can supply 240 L hot water at 50 ℃ in the whole year,and its coefficience of performance(COP)is much higher than the conventional air source heat pump system.Its energy conservation was proved by comparing the thermal efficiency with other sourece water heaters.展开更多
Energy performance assessment on central air-conditioning system is essential to optimize operating, reduce operating costs, improve indoor environmental quality, and determine whether the retrofitting of the equipmen...Energy performance assessment on central air-conditioning system is essential to optimize operating, reduce operating costs, improve indoor environmental quality, and determine whether the retrofitting of the equipment is necessary. But it is difficult to evaluate it reasonably and comprehensively due to its complexity. A "holistic" approach was discussed to evaluate the energy performance of central air-conditioning system for an extra-large commercial building in a subtropical city. All procedures were described in detail, including field investigation method, field measurement instruments, data processing and data analyzing. The main factors affecting energy consumption of air-conditioning system were analyzed and the annual cooling-energy use intensity of this building was calculated and also compared with other shopping malls and other types of buildings in Guangzhou. And COP(coefficient of performance) of chiller, water transfer factor of chilled water system and cooling water system were taken into consideration. At last, the thermal comfort and indoor air quality issues were addressed. The results show that the chilled water pumps are over-sized and the indoor environmental quality should be improved. The purpose of this work is to provide reference for energy performance assessment method for air-conditioning system.展开更多
为降低城市化进程中楼宇储能投资成本,提出一种基于共享储能服务的智能楼宇(intelligent buildings,IBs)双层优化配置方法。首先,建立计及寿命周期的共享储能电站(shared energy storage station,SESS)模型;其次,基于楼宇建筑物热惯性,...为降低城市化进程中楼宇储能投资成本,提出一种基于共享储能服务的智能楼宇(intelligent buildings,IBs)双层优化配置方法。首先,建立计及寿命周期的共享储能电站(shared energy storage station,SESS)模型;其次,基于楼宇建筑物热惯性,构建含空调系统的IBs数学模型;然后,综合考虑SESS与IBs的差异化利益诉求,建立基于SESS的IBs双层优化模型。上层模型目标函数旨在降低SESS的规划成本,下层模型目标函数旨在降低IBs的年运行成本,并采用卡罗需-库恩-塔克(Karush-Kuhn-Tucher,KKT)条件将原双层优化问题转换为单层混合整数线性规划问题进行求解。最后,以3个IBs社区的四季典型日为例,对比分析不同优化配置方法对于IBs运行和SESS配置结果的影响。结果表明,在满足IBs用户温度舒适性的同时,所提双层优化配置方法可充分满足SESS运营商与IBs的差异化利益诉求,实现双方的共赢。展开更多
为保障灾后城市及时恢复供能,以建筑用能为例,提出一种考虑建筑热惯性的电力-交通系统协同负荷恢复随机优化方法。首先,基于需求侧建筑围护结构的蓄冷特性,并综合考虑电网与路网的运行约束,构建计及建筑热惯性的电力-交通系统协同负荷...为保障灾后城市及时恢复供能,以建筑用能为例,提出一种考虑建筑热惯性的电力-交通系统协同负荷恢复随机优化方法。首先,基于需求侧建筑围护结构的蓄冷特性,并综合考虑电网与路网的运行约束,构建计及建筑热惯性的电力-交通系统协同负荷恢复数学模型;其次,利用空调(air conditioner,AC)的制冷灵活性与应急电源车(emergency power supply vehicle,EPSV)的时空灵活性,以最大化负荷的加权供电时间及最小化总网损为目标,提出多时段协同负荷恢复方法;然后,考虑到外界环境温度与车辆行驶速度的不确定性,利用机会约束规划将原问题转化为混合整数二阶锥问题进行求解;最后,以灾后故障场景为例,对比分析不同恢复方案对于恢复结果的影响。结果表明,所提方法可在不确定环境下充分利用楼宇与EPSV在恢复过程中能量的互补特性,提升关键负荷恢复效果。展开更多
基金Project(50838009) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2006BAJ02A09,2006BAJ02A13-4) supported by the National Key Technologies R & D Program of China
文摘To explore the relationship between summer office set air-conditioning temperature and energy consumption related to air conditioning use to provide human thermal comfort,a comparison experiment was conducted in three similar offices at temperatures of 24,26 and 28 ℃ respectively. A thermal comfort questionnaire survey was conducted. It is demonstrated that air-conditioner energy consumption at the set temperature of 28 ℃ is 113% and 271% lower than at 26 ℃ and 24 ℃,respectively. A linear relationship exists between air-conditioner energy consumption and the indoor and outdoor temperature difference. When comfortably dressed,over 80% of research participants accept the set temperature of 28 ℃. The regression analysis leads to a neutral temperature of 26.2 ℃ and an acceptable temperature of 28.2 ℃ for over 80% of the research participants subjects,indicating that the current 26 ℃ set temperature for offices in summer,required by Chinese General Office of the State Council,can be increased to 28 ℃. Moreover,analysis of predicted mean vote(PMV) index shows that a set temperature of 27 ℃,not 26 ℃,is sufficiently comfortable for office staff wearing long-sleeve shirts,long pants and leather shoes.
基金Supported by Program of Science and Technology of Hunan Province(2007FJ2006)Project the Program of Science and Tech-nology of Hunan Province(2007TP4030)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(08JJ3093)
文摘This paper presented an entropy evaluation method for the influences of condense heat recovery system on the environment.Aiming at the damage of the condense heat to the environment,an entropy of resource loss and an emission entropy from the condense heat recovery system in the air conditioning refrigerating machine were introduced.For the evaluation of the entropies,we developed a new algorithm for the parameter identification,called the composite influence coefficient,based on the Least Squares Support Vector Machine method.By simulation,the numerical experiments shows that the Least Squares Support Vector Machine method is one of the powerful methods for the parameter identification to compute the damage entropy of the condense heat,with the largest training error being-0.025(the relative error being-3.56%),and the biggest test error being 0.015(the relative error being 2.5%).
文摘Two building factors-a longer thermal lag of more than one hour for building envelops and a lag of indoor radiation to convert into cooling load-have impact on the instantaneous heat input and instantaneous cooling load.So the two factors should be taken into account when selecting the weather parameters for air-conditioning system design.This paper developed a new statistic method for the rational selection of coincident solar irradiance,dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures.The method was applied to historic weather records of 25 years in Hong Kong to generate coincident design weather data.And the results show that traditional design solar irradiance,dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures may be significantly overestimated in many conditions,and the design weather data for the three different constructions is not kept constant.
基金Supported by Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(J50502)
文摘Energy-saving air-conditioner with hot water is an air source heat pump air-conditioner,which can also supply hot water.The hot water is heated by a double pipe condenser connected with an air-cooled condenser in series in the system.This experiment of the energy-saving air-conditioner was carried out in the enthalpy-difference air-conditioner laboratory.The hot water temperature and the compressor's discharge and suction pressure were recorded in the working condition,where the ambient temperature was at 43 ℃,35 ℃,21 ℃,7 ℃,and 2 ℃ separately.The results showed that the system operated stably and reliably.This system can supply 240 L hot water at 50 ℃ in the whole year,and its coefficience of performance(COP)is much higher than the conventional air source heat pump system.Its energy conservation was proved by comparing the thermal efficiency with other sourece water heaters.
基金Project(2011B061200043)supported by the Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology,China
文摘Energy performance assessment on central air-conditioning system is essential to optimize operating, reduce operating costs, improve indoor environmental quality, and determine whether the retrofitting of the equipment is necessary. But it is difficult to evaluate it reasonably and comprehensively due to its complexity. A "holistic" approach was discussed to evaluate the energy performance of central air-conditioning system for an extra-large commercial building in a subtropical city. All procedures were described in detail, including field investigation method, field measurement instruments, data processing and data analyzing. The main factors affecting energy consumption of air-conditioning system were analyzed and the annual cooling-energy use intensity of this building was calculated and also compared with other shopping malls and other types of buildings in Guangzhou. And COP(coefficient of performance) of chiller, water transfer factor of chilled water system and cooling water system were taken into consideration. At last, the thermal comfort and indoor air quality issues were addressed. The results show that the chilled water pumps are over-sized and the indoor environmental quality should be improved. The purpose of this work is to provide reference for energy performance assessment method for air-conditioning system.
文摘为降低城市化进程中楼宇储能投资成本,提出一种基于共享储能服务的智能楼宇(intelligent buildings,IBs)双层优化配置方法。首先,建立计及寿命周期的共享储能电站(shared energy storage station,SESS)模型;其次,基于楼宇建筑物热惯性,构建含空调系统的IBs数学模型;然后,综合考虑SESS与IBs的差异化利益诉求,建立基于SESS的IBs双层优化模型。上层模型目标函数旨在降低SESS的规划成本,下层模型目标函数旨在降低IBs的年运行成本,并采用卡罗需-库恩-塔克(Karush-Kuhn-Tucher,KKT)条件将原双层优化问题转换为单层混合整数线性规划问题进行求解。最后,以3个IBs社区的四季典型日为例,对比分析不同优化配置方法对于IBs运行和SESS配置结果的影响。结果表明,在满足IBs用户温度舒适性的同时,所提双层优化配置方法可充分满足SESS运营商与IBs的差异化利益诉求,实现双方的共赢。
文摘为保障灾后城市及时恢复供能,以建筑用能为例,提出一种考虑建筑热惯性的电力-交通系统协同负荷恢复随机优化方法。首先,基于需求侧建筑围护结构的蓄冷特性,并综合考虑电网与路网的运行约束,构建计及建筑热惯性的电力-交通系统协同负荷恢复数学模型;其次,利用空调(air conditioner,AC)的制冷灵活性与应急电源车(emergency power supply vehicle,EPSV)的时空灵活性,以最大化负荷的加权供电时间及最小化总网损为目标,提出多时段协同负荷恢复方法;然后,考虑到外界环境温度与车辆行驶速度的不确定性,利用机会约束规划将原问题转化为混合整数二阶锥问题进行求解;最后,以灾后故障场景为例,对比分析不同恢复方案对于恢复结果的影响。结果表明,所提方法可在不确定环境下充分利用楼宇与EPSV在恢复过程中能量的互补特性,提升关键负荷恢复效果。
