Article.■Article types.Articles commonly fall into one of three main categories:Full-length articles,Review articles and Short communications.Full-length articles are original,unpublished primary research.Extensions ...Article.■Article types.Articles commonly fall into one of three main categories:Full-length articles,Review articles and Short communications.Full-length articles are original,unpublished primary research.Extensions of work that has been published previously in short form such as a Communication are usually acceptable.Short communications must contain original and highly significant work whose high novelty warrants rapid publication.展开更多
Articlen ■Article types Articles commonly fall into one of three main categories:Fulllength articles,Review articles and Short communications.Full-length articles are original,unpublished primary research.Extensions ...Articlen ■Article types Articles commonly fall into one of three main categories:Fulllength articles,Review articles and Short communications.Full-length articles are original,unpublished primary research.Extensions of work that has been published previously in short form such as a Communication are usually acceptable.展开更多
Article Article types Articles commonly fall into one of three main categories:Full-length articles,Review articles and Short communications.Full-length articles are original,unpublished primary research.Extensions of...Article Article types Articles commonly fall into one of three main categories:Full-length articles,Review articles and Short communications.Full-length articles are original,unpublished primary research.Extensions of work that has been published previously in short form such as a Communication are usually acceptable.展开更多
The application of superconducting(SC)technology enables magnets to excite strong fields with small footprints,which has great potential for miniaturizing proton therapy gantries.However,the slow ramping rate of SC ma...The application of superconducting(SC)technology enables magnets to excite strong fields with small footprints,which has great potential for miniaturizing proton therapy gantries.However,the slow ramping rate of SC magnets results in a low treatment efficiency compared with normal-conducting(NC)gantries.To address this problem,this study proposes a compact proton therapy gantry design with a large momentum acceptance utilizing alternating-gradient canted-cosine-theta(AG-CCT)SC magnets.In our design,a high-transmission degrader is mounted in the middle of the gantry,and the upstream beamline employs NC magnets with small apertures.Downstream of the degrader,large-bore AG-CCT magnets with strong alternating focusing gradients are set symmetrically as a local achromat,which realizes a momentum acceptance of 20%(or 40%in the energy domain).Therefore,only three magnetic working points are required to cover a treatment energy of 70-230 Me V.Owing to the large momentum acceptance,the proton beam after the degrader can be directly delivered to the isocenter without truncating its energy spectrum,which can significantly increase the treatment efficiency but causes severe dispersion effects during pencil beam scanning.Therefore,a compensation method was introduced by tuning the normal and skewed quadrupoles during the scanning process.As a result,the new gantry not only presents a remarkable reduction in the size and weight of the facility but also shows good potential for fast treatment.展开更多
The order-of-addition experiments are widely used in many fields,including food and industrial production,but the relative research under prior constraints is limited.The purpose of this paper is to select an optimal ...The order-of-addition experiments are widely used in many fields,including food and industrial production,but the relative research under prior constraints is limited.The purpose of this paper is to select an optimal sequence under the restriction that component i is added before component j,while it is unachievable to compare all sequences when the number of components m is large.To achieve this,a constrained PWO model is first provided,and then the D-optimal designs for order-of addition experiments with minimal-points via the modified threshold accepting algorithm is established.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a job scheduling problem with a prior constraint for teaching cases.展开更多
Article Article types Articles commonly fall into one of three main categories:Fulllength articles,Review articles and Short communications.Full-length articles are original,unpublished primary research.Extensions of ...Article Article types Articles commonly fall into one of three main categories:Fulllength articles,Review articles and Short communications.Full-length articles are original,unpublished primary research.Extensions of work that has been published previously in short form such as a Communication are usually acceptable.展开更多
A central problem in the study of complexity is the measure of nonuniform complexity classes. BPPP/poly has been proved by Aldman, and EXPSPACEP/poly by Kannan. We propose the definition of approximate acceptance with...A central problem in the study of complexity is the measure of nonuniform complexity classes. BPPP/poly has been proved by Aldman, and EXPSPACEP/poly by Kannan. We propose the definition of approximate acceptance with which we discuss the nonuniform complexity of the K sized complete subgraph problem. The method of modal theory is used and the K sized complete subgraph problemP/poly, co NPP/poly and NPP/poly is proved. This paper solves the Karp Lipton′s open problem: “NPP/poly?”展开更多
Forests produce several types of benefits to both forest landowners and society.The social benefit of private forestry is equal to private benefit plus positive externalities minus negative externalities.This study de...Forests produce several types of benefits to both forest landowners and society.The social benefit of private forestry is equal to private benefit plus positive externalities minus negative externalities.This study developed alternative metrics for the evaluation of the social benefit of forest management.Forest management was assessed in terms of five criteria:economic,socio-cultural,environmental and ecological performance and the resilience of the forest ecosystem.Each criterion was described with three numerical indicators.Alternative performance indices were calculated from the indicator values using methods developed for multi-criteria decision making.It was concluded that indices based on the multiplicative Cobb-Douglas utility function might be the most recommendable when forestry should produce a balanced combination of different ecosystem services.When the indices were used to compare alternative silvicultural systems in terms of their social performance,continuous cover management was ranked better than even-aged management.The performance of even-aged management improved when it aimed at increasing the share of mixed stands and broadleaf species.Maximizing net present value(NPV) with a 1 % discount rate led to better social performance than maximizing NPV with a 4% discount rate.展开更多
I. Vocabulary 20%1. She’s a person who won’t_____any nonsense.A. put up B. supportC. accept D. stand2. Mind you. Don’t get fined for_____the speedlimit.A. overdoing B. exceedingC. surmounting D. surpassing3. I’m s...I. Vocabulary 20%1. She’s a person who won’t_____any nonsense.A. put up B. supportC. accept D. stand2. Mind you. Don’t get fined for_____the speedlimit.A. overdoing B. exceedingC. surmounting D. surpassing3. I’m sorry the performance didn’t_____to yourexpectations.展开更多
As the only foreign writer writing Chinese and Chinese stories in the history of the Nobel Prize in Literature,Pearl S.Buck is worthy of respecting and studying by Chinese.From 1930s,translation and acceptance on Pear...As the only foreign writer writing Chinese and Chinese stories in the history of the Nobel Prize in Literature,Pearl S.Buck is worthy of respecting and studying by Chinese.From 1930s,translation and acceptance on Pearl S.Buck in China can be di⁃vided into three stages.There were various characters in every stage due to the influence of different politic,history and culture,etc.展开更多
China English, as one of the English varieties, is an objective reality. It is different from Chinglish which is an interlanguage for Chinese English learners. This paper expresses the definition of China English, its...China English, as one of the English varieties, is an objective reality. It is different from Chinglish which is an interlanguage for Chinese English learners. This paper expresses the definition of China English, its objectivity and manifestations in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, syntax and text.展开更多
A novel C/Pb composite has been successfully prepared by electmless plating to reduce the hydrogenevolution and achieve the high reversibility of the anode of lead-carbon battery （LCB）. The depositedlead on the surf...A novel C/Pb composite has been successfully prepared by electmless plating to reduce the hydrogenevolution and achieve the high reversibility of the anode of lead-carbon battery （LCB）. The depositedlead on the surface of C/Pb composite was found to be uniform and adherent to carbon surface. Becauselead has been stuck on the surface of C/Pb composite, the embedded structure suppresses the hydrogenevolution of lead-carbon anode and strengthens the connection between carbon additive and sponge lead.Compared with the blank anode, the lead-carbon anode with C/Pb composite displays excellent charge-discharge reversibility, which is attributed to the good connection between carbon additives and leadthat has been stuck on the surface of C/Pb composite during the preparation process. The addition of CIPb composite maintains a solid anode structure with high specific surface area and power volume, andthereby, it plays a significant role in the highly reversible lead-carbon anode.展开更多
In this article, an innovation diffusion model with the nonlinear acceptance is proposed to describe the dynamics of three competing products in a market. It is proved that the model admits a unique positive equilibri...In this article, an innovation diffusion model with the nonlinear acceptance is proposed to describe the dynamics of three competing products in a market. It is proved that the model admits a unique positive equilibrium, which is globally stable by excluding the existence of periodic solutions and by using the theory of three dimensional competition systems.展开更多
The depletion interactions between two large-spheres immersed in a fluid of small spheres under unsymmetrical geometrical confinement are studied through the acceptance ratio method. The numerical results show that no...The depletion interactions between two large-spheres immersed in a fluid of small spheres under unsymmetrical geometrical confinement are studied through the acceptance ratio method. The numerical results show that no matter whether the volume fraction is large or small, both the depletion potential and depletion force are affected by the presence of the two plates; the closer the two large spheres are to the plate, the larger the effects of the unsymmetrical confinements.展开更多
Network virtualization is known as a promising technology to tackle the ossification of current Internet and will play an important role in the future network area. Virtual network embedding(VNE) is a key issue in net...Network virtualization is known as a promising technology to tackle the ossification of current Internet and will play an important role in the future network area. Virtual network embedding(VNE) is a key issue in network virtualization. VNE is NP-hard and former VNE algorithms are mostly heuristic in the literature.VNE exact algorithms have been developed in recent years. However, the constraints of exact VNE are only node capacity and link bandwidth.Based on these, this paper presents an exact VNE algorithm, ILP-LC, which is based on Integer Linear Programming(ILP), for embedding virtual network request with location constraints. This novel algorithm is aiming at mapping virtual network request(VNR) successfully as many as possible and consuming less substrate resources.The topology of each VNR is randomly generated by Waxman model. Simulation results show that the proposed ILP-LC algorithm outperforms the typical heuristic algorithms in terms of the VNR acceptance ratio, at least 15%.展开更多
This article discusses the problem of utility maximization in a market with random-interval payoffs without short-selling prohibition. A novel expected utility model is given to measure an investor's subjective vi...This article discusses the problem of utility maximization in a market with random-interval payoffs without short-selling prohibition. A novel expected utility model is given to measure an investor's subjective view toward random interval wealth. Some techniques are proposed to transfer a complex programming involving interval numbers into a simple non-linear programming. Under the existence of the optimal strategy, relations between the optimal strategy and assets' prices are discussed. Some properties of the maximal utility function with respect to the endowment are given.展开更多
基金This study was partially supported by the Industrial Innovation Center(IIC),Atyab Food Tech LLC and Sultan Qaboos University–College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Dean’s Seed Grant.
文摘Article.■Article types.Articles commonly fall into one of three main categories:Full-length articles,Review articles and Short communications.Full-length articles are original,unpublished primary research.Extensions of work that has been published previously in short form such as a Communication are usually acceptable.Short communications must contain original and highly significant work whose high novelty warrants rapid publication.
文摘Articlen ■Article types Articles commonly fall into one of three main categories:Fulllength articles,Review articles and Short communications.Full-length articles are original,unpublished primary research.Extensions of work that has been published previously in short form such as a Communication are usually acceptable.
文摘Article Article types Articles commonly fall into one of three main categories:Full-length articles,Review articles and Short communications.Full-length articles are original,unpublished primary research.Extensions of work that has been published previously in short form such as a Communication are usually acceptable.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11975107,12205111)。
文摘The application of superconducting(SC)technology enables magnets to excite strong fields with small footprints,which has great potential for miniaturizing proton therapy gantries.However,the slow ramping rate of SC magnets results in a low treatment efficiency compared with normal-conducting(NC)gantries.To address this problem,this study proposes a compact proton therapy gantry design with a large momentum acceptance utilizing alternating-gradient canted-cosine-theta(AG-CCT)SC magnets.In our design,a high-transmission degrader is mounted in the middle of the gantry,and the upstream beamline employs NC magnets with small apertures.Downstream of the degrader,large-bore AG-CCT magnets with strong alternating focusing gradients are set symmetrically as a local achromat,which realizes a momentum acceptance of 20%(or 40%in the energy domain).Therefore,only three magnetic working points are required to cover a treatment energy of 70-230 Me V.Owing to the large momentum acceptance,the proton beam after the degrader can be directly delivered to the isocenter without truncating its energy spectrum,which can significantly increase the treatment efficiency but causes severe dispersion effects during pencil beam scanning.Therefore,a compensation method was introduced by tuning the normal and skewed quadrupoles during the scanning process.As a result,the new gantry not only presents a remarkable reduction in the size and weight of the facility but also shows good potential for fast treatment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11971204,12271270)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.BK20200108)the Zhongwu Youth Innovative Talent Program of Jiangsu University of Technology and the Third Level Training Object of the Sixth“333 Project”in Jiangsu Province。
文摘The order-of-addition experiments are widely used in many fields,including food and industrial production,but the relative research under prior constraints is limited.The purpose of this paper is to select an optimal sequence under the restriction that component i is added before component j,while it is unachievable to compare all sequences when the number of components m is large.To achieve this,a constrained PWO model is first provided,and then the D-optimal designs for order-of addition experiments with minimal-points via the modified threshold accepting algorithm is established.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a job scheduling problem with a prior constraint for teaching cases.
文摘Article Article types Articles commonly fall into one of three main categories:Fulllength articles,Review articles and Short communications.Full-length articles are original,unpublished primary research.Extensions of work that has been published previously in short form such as a Communication are usually acceptable.
文摘A central problem in the study of complexity is the measure of nonuniform complexity classes. BPPP/poly has been proved by Aldman, and EXPSPACEP/poly by Kannan. We propose the definition of approximate acceptance with which we discuss the nonuniform complexity of the K sized complete subgraph problem. The method of modal theory is used and the K sized complete subgraph problemP/poly, co NPP/poly and NPP/poly is proved. This paper solves the Karp Lipton′s open problem: “NPP/poly?”
文摘Forests produce several types of benefits to both forest landowners and society.The social benefit of private forestry is equal to private benefit plus positive externalities minus negative externalities.This study developed alternative metrics for the evaluation of the social benefit of forest management.Forest management was assessed in terms of five criteria:economic,socio-cultural,environmental and ecological performance and the resilience of the forest ecosystem.Each criterion was described with three numerical indicators.Alternative performance indices were calculated from the indicator values using methods developed for multi-criteria decision making.It was concluded that indices based on the multiplicative Cobb-Douglas utility function might be the most recommendable when forestry should produce a balanced combination of different ecosystem services.When the indices were used to compare alternative silvicultural systems in terms of their social performance,continuous cover management was ranked better than even-aged management.The performance of even-aged management improved when it aimed at increasing the share of mixed stands and broadleaf species.Maximizing net present value(NPV) with a 1 % discount rate led to better social performance than maximizing NPV with a 4% discount rate.
文摘I. Vocabulary 20%1. She’s a person who won’t_____any nonsense.A. put up B. supportC. accept D. stand2. Mind you. Don’t get fined for_____the speedlimit.A. overdoing B. exceedingC. surmounting D. surpassing3. I’m sorry the performance didn’t_____to yourexpectations.
文摘As the only foreign writer writing Chinese and Chinese stories in the history of the Nobel Prize in Literature,Pearl S.Buck is worthy of respecting and studying by Chinese.From 1930s,translation and acceptance on Pearl S.Buck in China can be di⁃vided into three stages.There were various characters in every stage due to the influence of different politic,history and culture,etc.
文摘China English, as one of the English varieties, is an objective reality. It is different from Chinglish which is an interlanguage for Chinese English learners. This paper expresses the definition of China English, its objectivity and manifestations in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, syntax and text.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21573093)the National Key Research and Development Program (No.2017YFB0307501)Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program (No.2013C092)
文摘A novel C/Pb composite has been successfully prepared by electmless plating to reduce the hydrogenevolution and achieve the high reversibility of the anode of lead-carbon battery （LCB）. The depositedlead on the surface of C/Pb composite was found to be uniform and adherent to carbon surface. Becauselead has been stuck on the surface of C/Pb composite, the embedded structure suppresses the hydrogenevolution of lead-carbon anode and strengthens the connection between carbon additive and sponge lead.Compared with the blank anode, the lead-carbon anode with C/Pb composite displays excellent charge-discharge reversibility, which is attributed to the good connection between carbon additives and leadthat has been stuck on the surface of C/Pb composite during the preparation process. The addition of CIPb composite maintains a solid anode structure with high specific surface area and power volume, andthereby, it plays a significant role in the highly reversible lead-carbon anode.
基金Project Supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(10571143) the Research Fund of Southwest Normal University
文摘In this article, an innovation diffusion model with the nonlinear acceptance is proposed to describe the dynamics of three competing products in a market. It is proved that the model admits a unique positive equilibrium, which is globally stable by excluding the existence of periodic solutions and by using the theory of three dimensional competition systems.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10375024） and the Science Foundation of Hunan Educational Committee, China
文摘The depletion interactions between two large-spheres immersed in a fluid of small spheres under unsymmetrical geometrical confinement are studied through the acceptance ratio method. The numerical results show that no matter whether the volume fraction is large or small, both the depletion potential and depletion force are affected by the presence of the two plates; the closer the two large spheres are to the plate, the larger the effects of the unsymmetrical confinements.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)under Grant 2013CB329005
文摘Network virtualization is known as a promising technology to tackle the ossification of current Internet and will play an important role in the future network area. Virtual network embedding(VNE) is a key issue in network virtualization. VNE is NP-hard and former VNE algorithms are mostly heuristic in the literature.VNE exact algorithms have been developed in recent years. However, the constraints of exact VNE are only node capacity and link bandwidth.Based on these, this paper presents an exact VNE algorithm, ILP-LC, which is based on Integer Linear Programming(ILP), for embedding virtual network request with location constraints. This novel algorithm is aiming at mapping virtual network request(VNR) successfully as many as possible and consuming less substrate resources.The topology of each VNR is randomly generated by Waxman model. Simulation results show that the proposed ILP-LC algorithm outperforms the typical heuristic algorithms in terms of the VNR acceptance ratio, at least 15%.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(10D10909)
文摘This article discusses the problem of utility maximization in a market with random-interval payoffs without short-selling prohibition. A novel expected utility model is given to measure an investor's subjective view toward random interval wealth. Some techniques are proposed to transfer a complex programming involving interval numbers into a simple non-linear programming. Under the existence of the optimal strategy, relations between the optimal strategy and assets' prices are discussed. Some properties of the maximal utility function with respect to the endowment are given.
