Let x （xn）≥1 be a martingale on a noncommutative probability space n （M, r） and （wn）n≥1 a sequence of positive numbers such that Wn = ∑ k=1^n wk →∞ as n →∞ We prove that x = （x.）n≥1 converges in E（M...Let x （xn）≥1 be a martingale on a noncommutative probability space n （M, r） and （wn）n≥1 a sequence of positive numbers such that Wn = ∑ k=1^n wk →∞ as n →∞ We prove that x = （x.）n≥1 converges in E（M） if and only if （σn（x）n≥1 converges in E（.hd）, where E（A//） is a noncommutative rearrangement invariant Banach function space with the Fatou property and σn（x） is given by σn（x） = 1/Wn ∑k=1^n wkxk, n=1, 2, .If in addition, E（Ad） has absolutely continuous norm, then, （an（x））≥1 converges in E（.M） if and only if x = （Xn）n≥1 is uniformly integrable and its limit in measure topology x∞∈ E（M）.展开更多
For Vilenkin-like system, the authors define a new operator H*f := supn |Hnf|, where Hnf is the weighted average for partial sums, and prove that H* is of type (Hp* (Gm), Lp(Gm)) for all 1/2 < p ≤ ∞. As a consequ...For Vilenkin-like system, the authors define a new operator H*f := supn |Hnf|, where Hnf is the weighted average for partial sums, and prove that H* is of type (Hp* (Gm), Lp(Gm)) for all 1/2 < p ≤ ∞. As a consequence, the authors prove the operator S*f := supn |Snf| is of type (p, p) for 1 < p < ∞, where Snf is the n-partial sum.展开更多
Increasing incidents of indoor air quality(IAQ) related complaints lead us to the fact that IAQ has become a significant occupational health and environmental issue. However, how to effectively evaluate IAQ under diff...Increasing incidents of indoor air quality(IAQ) related complaints lead us to the fact that IAQ has become a significant occupational health and environmental issue. However, how to effectively evaluate IAQ under different scale of multiple indicators is still a challenge. The traditional single-indicator method is subjected to uncertainties in assessing IAQ due to different subjectivity on good or bad quality and scalar differences of data set. In this study, a multilevel integrated weighted average IAQ method including initial walking through assessment(IWA) and two-layers weighted average method are developed and applied to evaluate IAQ of the laboratory building at the University of Regina in Canada. Some important chemical parameters related to IAQ in terms of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), methanol(HCHO), carbon dioxide(CO2), and carbon monoxide(CO) are evaluated based on 5 months continuous monitoring data. The new integrated assessment result can not only indicates the risk of an individual parameter, but also able to quantify the overall IAQ risk on the sampling site. Finally, some recommendations based on the result are proposed to address sustainable IAQ practices in the sampling area.展开更多
As a useful alternative of Shewhart control chart, exponentially weighted moving average （EWMA） control chat has been applied widely to quality control, process monitoring, forecast, etc. In this paper, a method was...As a useful alternative of Shewhart control chart, exponentially weighted moving average （EWMA） control chat has been applied widely to quality control, process monitoring, forecast, etc. In this paper, a method was introduced for optimal design of EWMA and multivariate EWMA （MEWMA） control charts, in which the optimal parameter pair （ λ, k） or （ λ, h ） was searched by using the generalized regression neural network （GRNN）. The results indicate that the optimal parameter pair can be obtained effectively by the proposed strategy for a given in-control average running length （ARLo） and shift to detect under any conditions, removing the drawback of incompleteness existing in the tables that had been reported.展开更多
In this study,efficient spectral line selection and wcightcd-avcraging-bascd processing schemes are proposed for the classification of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(UBS)measurements.For fast on-line classificat...In this study,efficient spectral line selection and wcightcd-avcraging-bascd processing schemes are proposed for the classification of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(UBS)measurements.For fast on-line classification,a set of representative spectral lines arc selected ami processed relying on the information metric,instead of the time consuming full spectrum based analysis.I he most informative spectral line sets arc investigated by the joint mutual information estimation(MIR)evaluated with the Gaussian kernel density,where dominant intensity peaks associated with the concentrated components arc not necessarily most valuable for classification.In order to further distinguish the characteristic patterns of die LIBS measured spectrum,two-dimensional spectral images are synthesized through column-wise concatenation of the peaks along with their neighbors.For fast classification while preserv ing die effect of distinctive peak patterns,column-wise Gaussian weighted averaging is applied to die synthesized images,yielding a favorable trade off between classification performance and computational complexity.To explore the applicability of the proposed schemes,two applications of alloy classification and skin cancer detection arc investigated with the multi-class and binary support vector machines classifiers,respectively.Ihc MIE measures associated with selected spectral lines in bodi applications show a strong correlation to the actual classification or detection accuracy,which enables to find out meaningful combinations of spectral lines.In addition,the peak patterns of the selected lines and their Gaussian weighted averaging with nciehbors of the selected peaks efficiently distineuish different classes of LIBS measured spectrum.展开更多
Aim To analyze the traditional hierarchical Kalman filtering fusion algorithm theoretically and point out that the traditional Kalman filtering fusion algorithm is complex and can not improve the tracking precision we...Aim To analyze the traditional hierarchical Kalman filtering fusion algorithm theoretically and point out that the traditional Kalman filtering fusion algorithm is complex and can not improve the tracking precision well, even it is impractical, and to propose the weighting average fusion algorithm. Methods The theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulation methods were ed to compare the traditional fusion algorithm with the new one,and the comparison of the root mean square error statistics values of the two algorithms was made. Results The hierarchical fusion algorithm is not better than the weighting average fusion and feedback weighting average algorithm The weighting filtering fusion algorithm is simple in principle, less in data, faster in processing and better in tolerance.Conclusion The weighting hierarchical fusion algorithm is suitable for the defective sensors.The feedback of the fusion result to the single sersor can enhance the single sensorr's precision. especially once one sensor has great deviation and low accuracy or has some deviation of sample period and is asynchronous to other sensors.展开更多
Let B be a Banach space, φ1, φ2 be two generalized convex φ-functions and φ1, φ2 the Young complementary functions of ψ1, ψ2 respectively with∫t t0ψ2（s）/sds≤ds≤c0ψ1（c0t）（t〉t0）for some constants co ...Let B be a Banach space, φ1, φ2 be two generalized convex φ-functions and φ1, φ2 the Young complementary functions of ψ1, ψ2 respectively with∫t t0ψ2（s）/sds≤ds≤c0ψ1（c0t）（t〉t0）for some constants co 〉 0 and to 〉 0, where ψ1 and ψ2 are the left-continuous derivative functions of ψ1 and ψ2, respectively. We claim that： （i） If B is isomorphic to a p-uniformly smooth space （or q-uniformly convex space, respectively）, then there exists a constant c 〉 0 such that for any B-valued martingale f = （fn）n≥0,｜｜f^＊｜｜φ1≤｜｜S^（p）（f）｜｜φ2（of｜｜S^（q）（f）｜｜φ1≤c｜｜f^＊｜｜φ2,respectively）,where f^＊ and S^（p） （f） are the maximal function and the p-variation function of f respectively; （ii） If B is a UMD space, Tvf is the martingale transform of f with respect to v = （Vn）z≥0 （V^＊ 〈 1）, then ｜｜（Tvf）^＊｜｜Ф1≤f^＊｜｜Ф2.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11071190)
文摘Let x （xn）≥1 be a martingale on a noncommutative probability space n （M, r） and （wn）n≥1 a sequence of positive numbers such that Wn = ∑ k=1^n wk →∞ as n →∞ We prove that x = （x.）n≥1 converges in E（M） if and only if （σn（x）n≥1 converges in E（.hd）, where E（A//） is a noncommutative rearrangement invariant Banach function space with the Fatou property and σn（x） is given by σn（x） = 1/Wn ∑k=1^n wkxk, n=1, 2, .If in addition, E（Ad） has absolutely continuous norm, then, （an（x））≥1 converges in E（.M） if and only if x = （Xn）n≥1 is uniformly integrable and its limit in measure topology x∞∈ E（M）.
基金Sponsored by the National NSFC under grant No10671147Foundation of Hubei Scientific Committee under grant NoB20081102
文摘For Vilenkin-like system, the authors define a new operator H*f := supn |Hnf|, where Hnf is the weighted average for partial sums, and prove that H* is of type (Hp* (Gm), Lp(Gm)) for all 1/2 < p ≤ ∞. As a consequence, the authors prove the operator S*f := supn |Snf| is of type (p, p) for 1 < p < ∞, where Snf is the n-partial sum.
文摘Increasing incidents of indoor air quality(IAQ) related complaints lead us to the fact that IAQ has become a significant occupational health and environmental issue. However, how to effectively evaluate IAQ under different scale of multiple indicators is still a challenge. The traditional single-indicator method is subjected to uncertainties in assessing IAQ due to different subjectivity on good or bad quality and scalar differences of data set. In this study, a multilevel integrated weighted average IAQ method including initial walking through assessment(IWA) and two-layers weighted average method are developed and applied to evaluate IAQ of the laboratory building at the University of Regina in Canada. Some important chemical parameters related to IAQ in terms of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), methanol(HCHO), carbon dioxide(CO2), and carbon monoxide(CO) are evaluated based on 5 months continuous monitoring data. The new integrated assessment result can not only indicates the risk of an individual parameter, but also able to quantify the overall IAQ risk on the sampling site. Finally, some recommendations based on the result are proposed to address sustainable IAQ practices in the sampling area.
基金Funded by the National Key Technologies R&D Programs of China (No.2002BA105C)
文摘As a useful alternative of Shewhart control chart, exponentially weighted moving average （EWMA） control chat has been applied widely to quality control, process monitoring, forecast, etc. In this paper, a method was introduced for optimal design of EWMA and multivariate EWMA （MEWMA） control charts, in which the optimal parameter pair （ λ, k） or （ λ, h ） was searched by using the generalized regression neural network （GRNN）. The results indicate that the optimal parameter pair can be obtained effectively by the proposed strategy for a given in-control average running length （ARLo） and shift to detect under any conditions, removing the drawback of incompleteness existing in the tables that had been reported.
文摘In this study,efficient spectral line selection and wcightcd-avcraging-bascd processing schemes are proposed for the classification of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(UBS)measurements.For fast on-line classification,a set of representative spectral lines arc selected ami processed relying on the information metric,instead of the time consuming full spectrum based analysis.I he most informative spectral line sets arc investigated by the joint mutual information estimation(MIR)evaluated with the Gaussian kernel density,where dominant intensity peaks associated with the concentrated components arc not necessarily most valuable for classification.In order to further distinguish the characteristic patterns of die LIBS measured spectrum,two-dimensional spectral images are synthesized through column-wise concatenation of the peaks along with their neighbors.For fast classification while preserv ing die effect of distinctive peak patterns,column-wise Gaussian weighted averaging is applied to die synthesized images,yielding a favorable trade off between classification performance and computational complexity.To explore the applicability of the proposed schemes,two applications of alloy classification and skin cancer detection arc investigated with the multi-class and binary support vector machines classifiers,respectively.Ihc MIE measures associated with selected spectral lines in bodi applications show a strong correlation to the actual classification or detection accuracy,which enables to find out meaningful combinations of spectral lines.In addition,the peak patterns of the selected lines and their Gaussian weighted averaging with nciehbors of the selected peaks efficiently distineuish different classes of LIBS measured spectrum.
文摘Aim To analyze the traditional hierarchical Kalman filtering fusion algorithm theoretically and point out that the traditional Kalman filtering fusion algorithm is complex and can not improve the tracking precision well, even it is impractical, and to propose the weighting average fusion algorithm. Methods The theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulation methods were ed to compare the traditional fusion algorithm with the new one,and the comparison of the root mean square error statistics values of the two algorithms was made. Results The hierarchical fusion algorithm is not better than the weighting average fusion and feedback weighting average algorithm The weighting filtering fusion algorithm is simple in principle, less in data, faster in processing and better in tolerance.Conclusion The weighting hierarchical fusion algorithm is suitable for the defective sensors.The feedback of the fusion result to the single sersor can enhance the single sensorr's precision. especially once one sensor has great deviation and low accuracy or has some deviation of sample period and is asynchronous to other sensors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11071190)
文摘Let B be a Banach space, φ1, φ2 be two generalized convex φ-functions and φ1, φ2 the Young complementary functions of ψ1, ψ2 respectively with∫t t0ψ2（s）/sds≤ds≤c0ψ1（c0t）（t〉t0）for some constants co 〉 0 and to 〉 0, where ψ1 and ψ2 are the left-continuous derivative functions of ψ1 and ψ2, respectively. We claim that： （i） If B is isomorphic to a p-uniformly smooth space （or q-uniformly convex space, respectively）, then there exists a constant c 〉 0 such that for any B-valued martingale f = （fn）n≥0,｜｜f^＊｜｜φ1≤｜｜S^（p）（f）｜｜φ2（of｜｜S^（q）（f）｜｜φ1≤c｜｜f^＊｜｜φ2,respectively）,where f^＊ and S^（p） （f） are the maximal function and the p-variation function of f respectively; （ii） If B is a UMD space, Tvf is the martingale transform of f with respect to v = （Vn）z≥0 （V^＊ 〈 1）, then ｜｜（Tvf）^＊｜｜Ф1≤f^＊｜｜Ф2.
