Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has caused millions of infections and deaths worldwide since its emergence in December 2019.As there is litt...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has caused millions of infections and deaths worldwide since its emergence in December 2019.As there is little or no natural immunity in the human population or specific anti-COVID-19 drugs,researchers from the government,academia and industry are developing vaccines at an unprecedented speed to halt the pandemic.In this review,the results of animal experiments and clinical trials on several vaccine technical platforms are summarized,and several challenges are also discussed to further promote the development,evaluation and application of vaccines during the challenging situation of the global pandemic.展开更多
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by inter-tumoral and intra-tumoral heterogeneity,especially in genetic alteration and microenvironment.Conventional therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer usually suffer resist...Pancreatic cancer is characterized by inter-tumoral and intra-tumoral heterogeneity,especially in genetic alteration and microenvironment.Conventional therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer usually suffer resistance,highlighting the necessity for personalized precise treatment.Cancer vaccines have become promising alternatives for pancreatic cancer treatment because of their multifaceted advantages including multiple targeting,minimal nonspecific effects,broad therapeutic window,low toxicity,and induction of persistent immunological memory.Multiple conventional vaccines based on the cells,microorganisms,exosomes,proteins,peptides,or DNA against pancreatic cancer have been developed;however,their overall efficacy remains unsatisfactory.Compared with these vaccine modalities,messager RNA(mRNA)-based vaccines offer technical and conceptional advances in personalized precise treatment,and thus represent a potentially cutting-edge option in novel therapeutic approaches for pancreatic cancer.This review summarizes the current progress on pancreatic cancer vaccines,highlights the superiority of mRNA vaccines over other conventional vaccines,and proposes the viable tactic for designing and applying personalized mRNA vaccines for the precise treatment of pancreatic cancer.展开更多
Background:Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death worldwide.BCG is an effective vaccine,but not widely used in many parts of the world due to a variety of issues.Mycobacterium vaccae(M.vaccae)is another vaccine used...Background:Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death worldwide.BCG is an effective vaccine,but not widely used in many parts of the world due to a variety of issues.Mycobacterium vaccae(M.vaccae)is another vaccine used in human subjects to prevent tuberculosis.In the current study,we investigated the potential mechanisms of M.vaccae vaccination by determining differentially expressed genes in mice infected with M.tuberculosis before and after M.vaccae vaccination.Methods:Three days after exposure to M.tuberculosis H37 Rv strain(5×10~5 CFU),adult BALB/c mice randomly received either M.vaccae vaccine(22.5μg)or vehicle via intramuscular injection(n=8).Booster immunization was conducted 14 and 28 days after the primary immunization.Differentially expressed genes were identified by microarray followed by standard bioinformatics analysis.Results:M.vaccae vaccination provided protection against M.tuberculosis infection(most prominent in the lungs).We identified 2,326 upregulated and 2,221 downregulated genes in vaccinated mice.These changes could be mapped to a total of 123 signaling pathways(68 upregulated and 55 downregulated).Further analysis pinpointed to the MyD88-dependent TLR signaling pathway and PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway as most likely to be functional.Conclusions:M.vaccae vaccine provided good protection in mice against M.tuberculosis infection,via a highly complex set of molecular changes.Our findings may provide clue to guide development of more effective vaccine against tuberculosis.展开更多
Pollen grains and plant spores have emerged as innovative biomaterials for various applications such as drug/vaccine delivery,catalyst support,and the removal of heavy metals.The natural microcapsules comprising spore...Pollen grains and plant spores have emerged as innovative biomaterials for various applications such as drug/vaccine delivery,catalyst support,and the removal of heavy metals.The natural microcapsules comprising spore shells and pollen grain are designed for protecting the genetic materials of plants from exterior impairments.Two layers make up the shell,the outer layer(exine)that comprised largely of sporopollenin,and the inner layer(intine)that built chiefly of cellulose.These microcapsule shells,namely hollow sporopollenin exine capsules have some salient features such as homogeneity in size,non-toxic nature,resilience to both alkalis and acids,and the potential to withstand at elevated temperatures;they have displayed promising potential for the microencapsulation and the controlled drug delivery/release.The important attribute of mucoadhesion to intestinal tissues can prolong the interaction of sporopollenin with the intestinal mucosa directing to an augmented effectiveness of nutraceutical or drug delivery.Here,current trends and prospects related to the application of plant pollen grains for the delivery of vaccines and drugs and vaccine are discussed.展开更多
Since the end of 2019,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has spread worldwide.The RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2,which is highly infectious and prone to ra...Since the end of 2019,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has spread worldwide.The RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2,which is highly infectious and prone to rapid mutation,encodes both structural and non-structural proteins.Vaccination is currently the only effective method to prevent COVID-19,and structural proteins are critical targets for vaccine development.Currently,many vaccines are in clinical trials or are already on the market.This review highlights ongoing advances in the design of prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines against COVID-19,including viral vector vaccines,DNA vaccines,RNA vaccines,live-attenuated vaccines,inactivated virus vaccines,recombinant protein vaccines and bionic nanoparticle vaccines.In addition to traditional inactivated virus vaccines,some novel vaccines based on viral vectors,nanoscience and synthetic biology also play important roles in combating COVID-19.However,many challenges persist in ongoing clinical trials.展开更多
Conclusions:Our results suggest that the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectively prevented Covid-19,including severe disease and death,a finding that is consistent with results of phase 2 trials of the vaccine.(Fun...Conclusions:Our results suggest that the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectively prevented Covid-19,including severe disease and death,a finding that is consistent with results of phase 2 trials of the vaccine.(Funded by Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo and others.).展开更多
This highlight presents a recent technique of“Light Vaccine”for COVID-19 pandemic control.Though this technique has the germicidal advantage to SARS-CoV-2,its shortcomings will limit the wide and in-depth applicatio...This highlight presents a recent technique of“Light Vaccine”for COVID-19 pandemic control.Though this technique has the germicidal advantage to SARS-CoV-2,its shortcomings will limit the wide and in-depth application.We make a perspective of real nano light vaccine,which will play an important role in the prevention and control of COVID-19.Briefly,This flow chart described the MWCNT was fabricated with strong acid and base conditional mixture in order to achieve the p-WCNT(chemical process);then modified with RNA layse and receptor binding domain(RBD)by covalent conjugation and physical absorption to get f-WCNT(functionalization);thereafter,f-WCNT was used in the multi-cell culture system interacting with SARS-CoV-2 to identify the special affinity of f-WCNT to ACE2 labeled alveolar type II cells and the inhibition capacity to SARS-CoV-2.This design,is different from the so called“light vaccine”,has the real function to against SARS-CoV-2 by local cellular temperature-rising through photothermal conversion under the near infrared(NIR)light irradiation,according to the physical and chemical nature of carbon nanotubes,and initiates the immune response consequently.展开更多
Cholangiocarcinoma(CHOL)is one of the most aggressive tumors worldwide and cannot be effectively treated by conventional and novel treatments,including immune checkpoint blockade therapy.The mRNA vaccine-based immunot...Cholangiocarcinoma(CHOL)is one of the most aggressive tumors worldwide and cannot be effectively treated by conventional and novel treatments,including immune checkpoint blockade therapy.The mRNA vaccine-based immunotherapeutic strategy has attracted much attention for various diseases,however,its application in CHOL is limited due to the thoughtlessness in the integration of vaccine design and patient selection.A recent study established an integrated path for identifying potent CHOL antigens for mRNA vaccine development and a precise stratification for identifying CHOL patients who can benefit from the mRNA vaccines.In spite of a promising prospect,further investigations should identify immunogenic antigens and onco-immunological characteristics of CHOL to guide the clinical application of CHOL mRNA vaccines in the future.展开更多
Dear editor,Myocarditis is a known complication of vaccines for COVID-19,particularly mRNA vaccines.While it is rare,the exact incidence of vaccine-associated myocarditis is unknown.Proponents of personal choice in va...Dear editor,Myocarditis is a known complication of vaccines for COVID-19,particularly mRNA vaccines.While it is rare,the exact incidence of vaccine-associated myocarditis is unknown.Proponents of personal choice in vaccination decisions often cite the risk of myocarditis as a reason one might choose not to receive the COVID-19 vaccination.Herein,we describe a case of focal myocarditis associated with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and review the literature on the incidence and risk of COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis.展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused signi-ficant disruption in the lives of people,af-fecting clinical services.For older people,there is a high risk of physical and psychological complications such as delirium,pressure ...The COVID-19 pandemic has caused signi-ficant disruption in the lives of people,af-fecting clinical services.For older people,there is a high risk of physical and psychological complications such as delirium,pressure injuries and risk of death.[1]In response to the pandemic,vaccines have been developed over compressed timelines including new platforms,such as mRNA vaccines,with international mass vaccination pro-grams currently underway to achieve herd im-munity and curb this pandemic.展开更多
The eradication of poliomyelitis is a landmark achievement in the history of public health, providing strong protection for children’s health. The introduction of the Chinese Regulations for the Manufacture and Contr...The eradication of poliomyelitis is a landmark achievement in the history of public health, providing strong protection for children’s health. The introduction of the Chinese Regulations for the Manufacture and Control of Live Poliovirus Vaccine is a prerequisite and safeguard for the large-scale production and use of domestically produced live poliovirus vaccines, serving as an indispensable component of vaccine safety. This article, based on archival documents, letters, collections of essays, and oral interviews, examines the historical experience of the development of Chinese Regulations for the Manufacture and Control of Live Poliovirus Vaccine. It contends that the emphasis on localization and the active engagement in international cooperation are critical factors in the swift introduction of Chinese Regulations for the Manufacture and Control of Live Poliovirus Vaccine.展开更多
To construct live recombinant vaccinia virus, The HGFSP gene encoding CSP, MSA1, MSA2, RESA,IL-1 and TT epitopes was inserted into the Eec RI and Burn HI sites of pSK plasmid. After digested with Eco RI,bluntly ended ...To construct live recombinant vaccinia virus, The HGFSP gene encoding CSP, MSA1, MSA2, RESA,IL-1 and TT epitopes was inserted into the Eec RI and Burn HI sites of pSK plasmid. After digested with Eco RI,bluntly ended by Klenow enzyme and digested with Sac I, the HGFSP gene was cloned into the Sma I and Sac I sites of the vaccinia virus insertion vector (pJ2--16). Recombinant plasmids were identified by gel electrophoresis,restriction enzyme and enzyme map. Results evidenced that HGFSP gene fragment was correctly inserted into the cloning site of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the pJ2--16 vector. The recombinant plasmids were trans feeted into Cos--7 cells, which were infected with wild type of vaccinia virus Tiantan strain, by means of lipofectamine. Two recombinant vaccinia viruses (HA) were screened and cloned by chicken hemadorption test in BHK21 cells. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), Dot--ELISA and Western blot with the antibodies against HGFSP protein expressed by E. colt showed that one of the 2 recombinant vaccinia virus expressed desired proteins in infected BHK21 cells. Western blot also showed that the molecular weight of 2 of expressed protein bands was about 23 kDa, according to the theoretical molecular weight of HGFSP protein. Further identification of immunological characters of recombinant virus is under way.展开更多
Acrosin binding protein(ACRBP)is restrictedly expressed in sperm acrosomes and involved in many important reproductive processes.Here we investigated the immunocontraceptive effects of ACR BP peptide-based vaccines.B-...Acrosin binding protein(ACRBP)is restrictedly expressed in sperm acrosomes and involved in many important reproductive processes.Here we investigated the immunocontraceptive effects of ACR BP peptide-based vaccines.B-cell epitope vaccines of mouse ACRBP were predicted by bioinformatics and prepared by vector coupling and adjuvant combination.Subsequently,female mice were actively immunized with the epitope vaccines subcutaneously,and the titers and specificity of anti-ACRBP antibodies were detected.Then the efficancy,safety and reversibility of epitope vaccines for contraception were evaluated in vivo and in vitro.展开更多
Background:The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine,which was approved as a single-shot immunization regimen,has been shown to be effective against severe coronavirus disease 2019.However,this vaccine induces lower severe acute respir...Background:The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine,which was approved as a single-shot immunization regimen,has been shown to be effective against severe coronavirus disease 2019.However,this vaccine induces lower severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)spike protein(S)-specific antibody levels than those induced by messenger RNA(mRNA)-based vaccines.The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a homologous or heterologous booster in persons who have received an Ad26.COV2.S priming dose are unclear.展开更多
Background:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infections and the resulting disease,coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19),have spread to millions of persons worldwide.Multiple vaccine candidates ar...Background:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infections and the resulting disease,coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19),have spread to millions of persons worldwide.Multiple vaccine candidates are under development,but no vaccine is currently available.Interim safety and immunogenicity data about the vaccine candidate BNT162b1 in younger adults have been reported previously from trials in Germany and the United States.展开更多
Background:In December 2020,Israel began a mass vaccination campaign against coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)by administering the BNT162b2 vaccine,which led to a sharp curtailing of the outbreak.After a period with ...Background:In December 2020,Israel began a mass vaccination campaign against coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)by administering the BNT162b2 vaccine,which led to a sharp curtailing of the outbreak.After a period with almost no cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection,a resurgent Covid-19 outbreak began in mid-June 2021.Possible reasons for the resurgence were reduced vaccine effectiveness against the delta(B.1.617.2)variant and waning immunity.The extent of waning immunity of the vaccine against the delta variant in Israel is unclear.展开更多
Background:The increasing incidence of pediatric hospitalizations associated with coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)caused by the B.1.617.2(delta)variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)i...Background:The increasing incidence of pediatric hospitalizations associated with coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)caused by the B.1.617.2(delta)variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in the United States has offered an opportunity to assess the real-world effectiveness of the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine in adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age.Methods:We used a case-control,test-negative design to assess vaccine effectiveness against Covid-19 resulting in hospitalization,admission to an intensive care unit(ICU),the use of life-supporting interventions(mechanical ventilation,vasopressors,and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation),or death.Between July 1 and October 25,2021,we screened admission logs for eligible case patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 at 31 hospitals in 23 states.We estimated vaccine effectiveness by comparing the odds of antecedent full vaccination(two doses of BNT162b2)in case patients as compared with two hospitalbased control groups:patients who had Covid-19-like symptoms but negative results on testing for SARS-CoV-2(test-negative)and patients who did not have Covid-19-like symptoms(syndrome-negative).展开更多
Background:The increasing incidence of pediatric hospitalizations associated with coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)caused by the B.1.617.2(delta)variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)i...Background:The increasing incidence of pediatric hospitalizations associated with coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)caused by the B.1.617.2(delta)variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in the United States has offered an opportunity to assess the real-world effectiveness of the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine in adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age.展开更多
Background:Testing of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in an older population is important,since increased incidences of illness and death from co...Background:Testing of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in an older population is important,since increased incidences of illness and death from coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)have been associated with an older age.展开更多
Omicron,the most heavily mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant so far,is highly resistant to neutralizing antibodies,raising unprecedented concerns about the effectiveness of antibody therapies and vaccines 1,2.We examined wheth...Omicron,the most heavily mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant so far,is highly resistant to neutralizing antibodies,raising unprecedented concerns about the effectiveness of antibody therapies and vaccines 1,2.We examined whether sera from individuals who received two or three doses of inactivated vaccine,could neutralize authentic Omicron.The seroconversion rates of neutralizing antibodies were 3.3%(2/60)and 95%(57/60)for 2-and 3-dose vaccinees,respectively.For three-dose recipients,the geometric mean neutralization antibody titre(GMT)of Omicron was 16.5-fold lower than that of the ancestral virus(254).We isolated 323 human monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)derived from memory B cells in 3-dose vaccinees.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC0849700)the Program of Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciencethe Major Science and Technology Special Projects of Yunnan Province。
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has caused millions of infections and deaths worldwide since its emergence in December 2019.As there is little or no natural immunity in the human population or specific anti-COVID-19 drugs,researchers from the government,academia and industry are developing vaccines at an unprecedented speed to halt the pandemic.In this review,the results of animal experiments and clinical trials on several vaccine technical platforms are summarized,and several challenges are also discussed to further promote the development,evaluation and application of vaccines during the challenging situation of the global pandemic.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970696, 81502975, 82188102, and 81830089)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar (LR22H160010)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFC1316000)Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program (2019C03019)Zhejiang Provincial College Student Science and Technology Innovation Activity Plan-College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Incubation Program (Young Talent Program)(2022R40122)
文摘Pancreatic cancer is characterized by inter-tumoral and intra-tumoral heterogeneity,especially in genetic alteration and microenvironment.Conventional therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer usually suffer resistance,highlighting the necessity for personalized precise treatment.Cancer vaccines have become promising alternatives for pancreatic cancer treatment because of their multifaceted advantages including multiple targeting,minimal nonspecific effects,broad therapeutic window,low toxicity,and induction of persistent immunological memory.Multiple conventional vaccines based on the cells,microorganisms,exosomes,proteins,peptides,or DNA against pancreatic cancer have been developed;however,their overall efficacy remains unsatisfactory.Compared with these vaccine modalities,messager RNA(mRNA)-based vaccines offer technical and conceptional advances in personalized precise treatment,and thus represent a potentially cutting-edge option in novel therapeutic approaches for pancreatic cancer.This review summarizes the current progress on pancreatic cancer vaccines,highlights the superiority of mRNA vaccines over other conventional vaccines,and proposes the viable tactic for designing and applying personalized mRNA vaccines for the precise treatment of pancreatic cancer.
基金supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81801643)the National Key Program for Infectious Disease of China(2018ZX10731301–005)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z181100001718005)the Medical Science and Technology Youth Cultivation Program of PLA(16QNP075)。
文摘Background:Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death worldwide.BCG is an effective vaccine,but not widely used in many parts of the world due to a variety of issues.Mycobacterium vaccae(M.vaccae)is another vaccine used in human subjects to prevent tuberculosis.In the current study,we investigated the potential mechanisms of M.vaccae vaccination by determining differentially expressed genes in mice infected with M.tuberculosis before and after M.vaccae vaccination.Methods:Three days after exposure to M.tuberculosis H37 Rv strain(5×10~5 CFU),adult BALB/c mice randomly received either M.vaccae vaccine(22.5μg)or vehicle via intramuscular injection(n=8).Booster immunization was conducted 14 and 28 days after the primary immunization.Differentially expressed genes were identified by microarray followed by standard bioinformatics analysis.Results:M.vaccae vaccination provided protection against M.tuberculosis infection(most prominent in the lungs).We identified 2,326 upregulated and 2,221 downregulated genes in vaccinated mice.These changes could be mapped to a total of 123 signaling pathways(68 upregulated and 55 downregulated).Further analysis pinpointed to the MyD88-dependent TLR signaling pathway and PI3 K-Akt signaling pathway as most likely to be functional.Conclusions:M.vaccae vaccine provided good protection in mice against M.tuberculosis infection,via a highly complex set of molecular changes.Our findings may provide clue to guide development of more effective vaccine against tuberculosis.
文摘Pollen grains and plant spores have emerged as innovative biomaterials for various applications such as drug/vaccine delivery,catalyst support,and the removal of heavy metals.The natural microcapsules comprising spore shells and pollen grain are designed for protecting the genetic materials of plants from exterior impairments.Two layers make up the shell,the outer layer(exine)that comprised largely of sporopollenin,and the inner layer(intine)that built chiefly of cellulose.These microcapsule shells,namely hollow sporopollenin exine capsules have some salient features such as homogeneity in size,non-toxic nature,resilience to both alkalis and acids,and the potential to withstand at elevated temperatures;they have displayed promising potential for the microencapsulation and the controlled drug delivery/release.The important attribute of mucoadhesion to intestinal tissues can prolong the interaction of sporopollenin with the intestinal mucosa directing to an augmented effectiveness of nutraceutical or drug delivery.Here,current trends and prospects related to the application of plant pollen grains for the delivery of vaccines and drugs and vaccine are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31900950)。
文摘Since the end of 2019,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has spread worldwide.The RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2,which is highly infectious and prone to rapid mutation,encodes both structural and non-structural proteins.Vaccination is currently the only effective method to prevent COVID-19,and structural proteins are critical targets for vaccine development.Currently,many vaccines are in clinical trials or are already on the market.This review highlights ongoing advances in the design of prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines against COVID-19,including viral vector vaccines,DNA vaccines,RNA vaccines,live-attenuated vaccines,inactivated virus vaccines,recombinant protein vaccines and bionic nanoparticle vaccines.In addition to traditional inactivated virus vaccines,some novel vaccines based on viral vectors,nanoscience and synthetic biology also play important roles in combating COVID-19.However,many challenges persist in ongoing clinical trials.
文摘Conclusions:Our results suggest that the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectively prevented Covid-19,including severe disease and death,a finding that is consistent with results of phase 2 trials of the vaccine.(Funded by Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo and others.).
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071964)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(GWV-10.1-XK09)and Shanghai Shenkang Center(SHDC2020CR2054B).
文摘This highlight presents a recent technique of“Light Vaccine”for COVID-19 pandemic control.Though this technique has the germicidal advantage to SARS-CoV-2,its shortcomings will limit the wide and in-depth application.We make a perspective of real nano light vaccine,which will play an important role in the prevention and control of COVID-19.Briefly,This flow chart described the MWCNT was fabricated with strong acid and base conditional mixture in order to achieve the p-WCNT(chemical process);then modified with RNA layse and receptor binding domain(RBD)by covalent conjugation and physical absorption to get f-WCNT(functionalization);thereafter,f-WCNT was used in the multi-cell culture system interacting with SARS-CoV-2 to identify the special affinity of f-WCNT to ACE2 labeled alveolar type II cells and the inhibition capacity to SARS-CoV-2.This design,is different from the so called“light vaccine”,has the real function to against SARS-CoV-2 by local cellular temperature-rising through photothermal conversion under the near infrared(NIR)light irradiation,according to the physical and chemical nature of carbon nanotubes,and initiates the immune response consequently.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970696,81502975,81830089,U20A20378,82188102)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar(LR22H160010)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2019YFC1316000)the Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2019C03019)the Zhejiang Provincial College Student Science and Technology Innovation Activity Plan-College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Incubation Program(Young Talent Program)(2022R40122)。
文摘Cholangiocarcinoma(CHOL)is one of the most aggressive tumors worldwide and cannot be effectively treated by conventional and novel treatments,including immune checkpoint blockade therapy.The mRNA vaccine-based immunotherapeutic strategy has attracted much attention for various diseases,however,its application in CHOL is limited due to the thoughtlessness in the integration of vaccine design and patient selection.A recent study established an integrated path for identifying potent CHOL antigens for mRNA vaccine development and a precise stratification for identifying CHOL patients who can benefit from the mRNA vaccines.In spite of a promising prospect,further investigations should identify immunogenic antigens and onco-immunological characteristics of CHOL to guide the clinical application of CHOL mRNA vaccines in the future.
文摘Dear editor,Myocarditis is a known complication of vaccines for COVID-19,particularly mRNA vaccines.While it is rare,the exact incidence of vaccine-associated myocarditis is unknown.Proponents of personal choice in vaccination decisions often cite the risk of myocarditis as a reason one might choose not to receive the COVID-19 vaccination.Herein,we describe a case of focal myocarditis associated with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and review the literature on the incidence and risk of COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis.
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic has caused signi-ficant disruption in the lives of people,af-fecting clinical services.For older people,there is a high risk of physical and psychological complications such as delirium,pressure injuries and risk of death.[1]In response to the pandemic,vaccines have been developed over compressed timelines including new platforms,such as mRNA vaccines,with international mass vaccination pro-grams currently underway to achieve herd im-munity and curb this pandemic.
基金This work was supported by a key project of the 14th Five Year Plan of the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(E2291J01)the Youth Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(E3292G02).
文摘The eradication of poliomyelitis is a landmark achievement in the history of public health, providing strong protection for children’s health. The introduction of the Chinese Regulations for the Manufacture and Control of Live Poliovirus Vaccine is a prerequisite and safeguard for the large-scale production and use of domestically produced live poliovirus vaccines, serving as an indispensable component of vaccine safety. This article, based on archival documents, letters, collections of essays, and oral interviews, examines the historical experience of the development of Chinese Regulations for the Manufacture and Control of Live Poliovirus Vaccine. It contends that the emphasis on localization and the active engagement in international cooperation are critical factors in the swift introduction of Chinese Regulations for the Manufacture and Control of Live Poliovirus Vaccine.
文摘To construct live recombinant vaccinia virus, The HGFSP gene encoding CSP, MSA1, MSA2, RESA,IL-1 and TT epitopes was inserted into the Eec RI and Burn HI sites of pSK plasmid. After digested with Eco RI,bluntly ended by Klenow enzyme and digested with Sac I, the HGFSP gene was cloned into the Sma I and Sac I sites of the vaccinia virus insertion vector (pJ2--16). Recombinant plasmids were identified by gel electrophoresis,restriction enzyme and enzyme map. Results evidenced that HGFSP gene fragment was correctly inserted into the cloning site of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the pJ2--16 vector. The recombinant plasmids were trans feeted into Cos--7 cells, which were infected with wild type of vaccinia virus Tiantan strain, by means of lipofectamine. Two recombinant vaccinia viruses (HA) were screened and cloned by chicken hemadorption test in BHK21 cells. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), Dot--ELISA and Western blot with the antibodies against HGFSP protein expressed by E. colt showed that one of the 2 recombinant vaccinia virus expressed desired proteins in infected BHK21 cells. Western blot also showed that the molecular weight of 2 of expressed protein bands was about 23 kDa, according to the theoretical molecular weight of HGFSP protein. Further identification of immunological characters of recombinant virus is under way.
文摘Acrosin binding protein(ACRBP)is restrictedly expressed in sperm acrosomes and involved in many important reproductive processes.Here we investigated the immunocontraceptive effects of ACR BP peptide-based vaccines.B-cell epitope vaccines of mouse ACRBP were predicted by bioinformatics and prepared by vector coupling and adjuvant combination.Subsequently,female mice were actively immunized with the epitope vaccines subcutaneously,and the titers and specificity of anti-ACRBP antibodies were detected.Then the efficancy,safety and reversibility of epitope vaccines for contraception were evaluated in vivo and in vitro.
文摘Background:The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine,which was approved as a single-shot immunization regimen,has been shown to be effective against severe coronavirus disease 2019.However,this vaccine induces lower severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)spike protein(S)-specific antibody levels than those induced by messenger RNA(mRNA)-based vaccines.The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a homologous or heterologous booster in persons who have received an Ad26.COV2.S priming dose are unclear.
文摘Background:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infections and the resulting disease,coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19),have spread to millions of persons worldwide.Multiple vaccine candidates are under development,but no vaccine is currently available.Interim safety and immunogenicity data about the vaccine candidate BNT162b1 in younger adults have been reported previously from trials in Germany and the United States.
文摘Background:In December 2020,Israel began a mass vaccination campaign against coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)by administering the BNT162b2 vaccine,which led to a sharp curtailing of the outbreak.After a period with almost no cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection,a resurgent Covid-19 outbreak began in mid-June 2021.Possible reasons for the resurgence were reduced vaccine effectiveness against the delta(B.1.617.2)variant and waning immunity.The extent of waning immunity of the vaccine against the delta variant in Israel is unclear.
文摘Background:The increasing incidence of pediatric hospitalizations associated with coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)caused by the B.1.617.2(delta)variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in the United States has offered an opportunity to assess the real-world effectiveness of the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine in adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age.Methods:We used a case-control,test-negative design to assess vaccine effectiveness against Covid-19 resulting in hospitalization,admission to an intensive care unit(ICU),the use of life-supporting interventions(mechanical ventilation,vasopressors,and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation),or death.Between July 1 and October 25,2021,we screened admission logs for eligible case patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 at 31 hospitals in 23 states.We estimated vaccine effectiveness by comparing the odds of antecedent full vaccination(two doses of BNT162b2)in case patients as compared with two hospitalbased control groups:patients who had Covid-19-like symptoms but negative results on testing for SARS-CoV-2(test-negative)and patients who did not have Covid-19-like symptoms(syndrome-negative).
文摘Background:The increasing incidence of pediatric hospitalizations associated with coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)caused by the B.1.617.2(delta)variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in the United States has offered an opportunity to assess the real-world effectiveness of the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine in adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age.
文摘Background:Testing of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in an older population is important,since increased incidences of illness and death from coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)have been associated with an older age.
文摘Omicron,the most heavily mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant so far,is highly resistant to neutralizing antibodies,raising unprecedented concerns about the effectiveness of antibody therapies and vaccines 1,2.We examined whether sera from individuals who received two or three doses of inactivated vaccine,could neutralize authentic Omicron.The seroconversion rates of neutralizing antibodies were 3.3%(2/60)and 95%(57/60)for 2-and 3-dose vaccinees,respectively.For three-dose recipients,the geometric mean neutralization antibody titre(GMT)of Omicron was 16.5-fold lower than that of the ancestral virus(254).We isolated 323 human monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)derived from memory B cells in 3-dose vaccinees.
