Bipolar membranes(BPMs)exhibit the unique capability to regulate the operating environment of electrochemical system through the water dissociation-combination processes.However,the industrial utilization of BPMs is l...Bipolar membranes(BPMs)exhibit the unique capability to regulate the operating environment of electrochemical system through the water dissociation-combination processes.However,the industrial utilization of BPMs is limited by instability and serious energy consumption.The current-induced membrane discharge(CIMD)at high-current conditions has a negative influence on the performance of anion-exchange membranes,but the underlying ion transport mechanisms in the BPMs remain unclear.Here,the CIMD-coupled Poisson-Nernst-Planck(PNP)equations are used to explore the ion transport mechanisms in the BPMs for both reverse bias and forward bias at neutral and acid-base conditions.It is demonstrated that the CIMD effect in the reverse-bias mode can be suppressed by enhancing the diffusive transport of salt counter-ions(Na^(+)and Cl^(−))into the BPMs,and that in the forward-bias mode with acid-base electrolytes can be suppressed by matching the transport rate of water counter-ions(H_(3)O^(+)and OH^(−)).Suppressing the CIMD can promote the water dissociation in the reverse-bias mode,as well as overcome the plateau of limiting current density and reduce the interfacial blockage of salt co-ions(Cl^(−))in the anion-exchange layer in the forward-bias mode with acid-base electrolytes.Our work highlights the importance of regulating ion crossover transport on improving the performance of BPMs.展开更多
All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs),utilizing sulfide solid electrolyte,are considered as the promising design on account of their superior safety and high energy density,whereas the time-consuming preparation p...All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs),utilizing sulfide solid electrolyte,are considered as the promising design on account of their superior safety and high energy density,whereas the time-consuming preparation process of sulfide electrolyte powders and the thickness of electrolyte layer hinder their practical application.Herein,an innovative ultimate-energy mechanical alloying plus rapid thermal processing approach is employed to rapidly synthesize the crystalline Argyrodite-type conductor Li_(5.3)PS_(4.3)ClBr_(0.7)(LPSCIBr)with superior ionic conductivity(11.7 mS cm^(-1)).Furthermore,to realize the higher energy density of the battery,an ultrathin LPSCIBr sulfide electrolyte membrane with superior ionic conductivity of 6.5 mS cm^(-1)is fabricated with the aid of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)binder and the reinforced cellulose mesh.Moreover,a simple solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)is constructed on the surface of lithium metal to enhance anodic stability.Benefiting from the joint efforts of these merits,the modified ASSLBs with a high cell-level energy density of 311 Wh kg^(-1) show an excellent cyclic stability.The assembled all-solid-state Li_(2) S/Li pouch cell can operate even under the severe conditions of bending and cutting,demonstrating the enormous potential of the sulfide electrolyte membrane for ASSLBs application.展开更多
The energy contents of biogas could be significantly enhanced by upgrading it to vehicle fuel quality.A pilot-scale separation plant based on carbon hollow fiber membranes for upgrading biogas to vehicle fuel quality ...The energy contents of biogas could be significantly enhanced by upgrading it to vehicle fuel quality.A pilot-scale separation plant based on carbon hollow fiber membranes for upgrading biogas to vehicle fuel quality was constructed and operated at the biogas plant,Gl?r IKS,Lillehammer Norway.Vehicle fuel quality according to Swedish legislation was successfully achieved in a single stage separation process.The raw biogas from anaerobic digestion of food waste contained 64±3 mol%CH_4,30–35 mol%CO_2 and less than one percent of N_2 and a minor amount of other impurities.The raw biogas was available at 1.03 bar with a maximum flow rate of 60 Nm^3h^(à1).Pre-treatment of biogas was performed to remove bulk H_2O and H_2S contents up to the required limits in the vehicle fuel before entering to membrane system.The membrane separation plant was designed to process 60 Nm^3h^(à1)of raw biogas at pressure up to 21 bar.The initial tests were,however,performed for the feed flow rate of 10 Nm^3h^(à1)at 21 bar.The successful operation of the pilot plant separation was continuously run for 192 h(8days).The CH_4 purity of 96%and maximum CH_4 recovery of 98%was reached in a short-term test of 5 h.The permeate stream contained over20 mol%CH_4which could be used for the heating application.Aspen Hysys~?was integrated with Chem Brane(in-house developed membrane model)to run the simulations for estimation of membrane area and energy requirement of the pilot plant.Cost estimation was performed based on simulation data and later compared with actual field results.展开更多
The main component of the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(CIGB)candidate vaccine against Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is the pIDKE2 plasmid.The current designed downstream process for the production of pIDKE...The main component of the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(CIGB)candidate vaccine against Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is the pIDKE2 plasmid.The current designed downstream process for the production of pIDKE2 fulfils all regulatory requirements and renders the required quantities of pharmaceuticalgrade plasmid DNA(pDNA)with 95%purity.The advantages of this procedure include high plasmid purity and the elimination of undesirable additives,such as toxic organic extractants and animal-derived enzymes.However,yields and consequently the productivity of the process are low.Previous work demonstrated that the most critical step of the process is the reverse phase chromatography,where conventional porous particle resins are used.Therefore,to increase the process productivity,alternative technologies such as membranes and chromatographic monoliths were tested as alternative options for this critical step.Here,a comparison between the behaviors of CIM~ C4-HLD and Sartobind phenyl matrices was performed.To obtain higher productivities and purities,the dynamic binding capacities and selectivities were evaluated.The results showed that both matrices had a similar capacity for pIDKE2 plasmid,but the separation of pDNA isoforms using CIM~ technology was much better than that with Sartobind.Additionally,the optimal conditions for loading plasmid DNA on a CIMC4-HLD 800-mL monolithic column in a real production process were determined.These optimizations will allow production levels to satisfy the high plasmid consumption demanded by clinical trials.展开更多
【目的】针对高浑浊度矿井水处理技术存在处理工序长、超滤(UF)膜进水水质要求高、膜污染严重的问题,采用短流程超滤膜化学反应器(MCR)组器处理高浑浊度矿井水。【方法】在保留短流程超滤MCR工艺精简、集成度高、占地面积小的优势基础上...【目的】针对高浑浊度矿井水处理技术存在处理工序长、超滤(UF)膜进水水质要求高、膜污染严重的问题,采用短流程超滤膜化学反应器(MCR)组器处理高浑浊度矿井水。【方法】在保留短流程超滤MCR工艺精简、集成度高、占地面积小的优势基础上,对短流程超滤MCR技术的抗污染膜组器型式进行改进,探究高效膜污染控制组器型式;并对改进后组器的运行参数开展试验研究,通过优化运行通量、系统回收率、运行周期、反洗通量4个运行参数,考察不同运行条件对膜污染控制效果,从而确定抗污染膜组器的稳定运行参数,通过进水悬浮物浓度,考察短流程超滤MCR组器的进水条件。【结果】结果表明,短流程超滤MCR组器中振动模式的抗污染性能优于曝气模式,跨膜压差(TMP)低于曝气模式0.16~0.26 k Pa/d。而在振动模式中,线性振动模式TMP低于旋转振动模式0.5 k Pa/d,表明线性振动模式抗污染能力强,且线性振动模式的吨水能耗为0.03 k W·h、水阻能耗占比为28.8%,均优于旋转振动模式。此外,线性振动模式短流程超滤MCR组器在运行通量≤40L/(m^(2)·h),系统回收率≤97%,运行周期为45 min,反洗通量为60 L/(m^(2)·h)条件下,能保证膜抗污染效果,短流程超滤MCR组器进水耐受悬浮物质量浓度达到2000 mg/L,运行参数调整对产水水质无显著影响。【结论】振动模式短流程超滤MCR组器可有效减少处理工艺流程,放宽UF膜进水水质要求,缓解UF膜运行过程中膜污染的情况,可为高浑浊度矿井水工艺改造提供技术指导。展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4602101)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022ZFJH004 and 2024SMECP05)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278127 and 22378112)the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22T01400100-18)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20230801)。
文摘Bipolar membranes(BPMs)exhibit the unique capability to regulate the operating environment of electrochemical system through the water dissociation-combination processes.However,the industrial utilization of BPMs is limited by instability and serious energy consumption.The current-induced membrane discharge(CIMD)at high-current conditions has a negative influence on the performance of anion-exchange membranes,but the underlying ion transport mechanisms in the BPMs remain unclear.Here,the CIMD-coupled Poisson-Nernst-Planck(PNP)equations are used to explore the ion transport mechanisms in the BPMs for both reverse bias and forward bias at neutral and acid-base conditions.It is demonstrated that the CIMD effect in the reverse-bias mode can be suppressed by enhancing the diffusive transport of salt counter-ions(Na^(+)and Cl^(−))into the BPMs,and that in the forward-bias mode with acid-base electrolytes can be suppressed by matching the transport rate of water counter-ions(H_(3)O^(+)and OH^(−)).Suppressing the CIMD can promote the water dissociation in the reverse-bias mode,as well as overcome the plateau of limiting current density and reduce the interfacial blockage of salt co-ions(Cl^(−))in the anion-exchange layer in the forward-bias mode with acid-base electrolytes.Our work highlights the importance of regulating ion crossover transport on improving the performance of BPMs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20126,51971201)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2021C01175)。
文摘All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs),utilizing sulfide solid electrolyte,are considered as the promising design on account of their superior safety and high energy density,whereas the time-consuming preparation process of sulfide electrolyte powders and the thickness of electrolyte layer hinder their practical application.Herein,an innovative ultimate-energy mechanical alloying plus rapid thermal processing approach is employed to rapidly synthesize the crystalline Argyrodite-type conductor Li_(5.3)PS_(4.3)ClBr_(0.7)(LPSCIBr)with superior ionic conductivity(11.7 mS cm^(-1)).Furthermore,to realize the higher energy density of the battery,an ultrathin LPSCIBr sulfide electrolyte membrane with superior ionic conductivity of 6.5 mS cm^(-1)is fabricated with the aid of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)binder and the reinforced cellulose mesh.Moreover,a simple solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)is constructed on the surface of lithium metal to enhance anodic stability.Benefiting from the joint efforts of these merits,the modified ASSLBs with a high cell-level energy density of 311 Wh kg^(-1) show an excellent cyclic stability.The assembled all-solid-state Li_(2) S/Li pouch cell can operate even under the severe conditions of bending and cutting,demonstrating the enormous potential of the sulfide electrolyte membrane for ASSLBs application.
文摘The energy contents of biogas could be significantly enhanced by upgrading it to vehicle fuel quality.A pilot-scale separation plant based on carbon hollow fiber membranes for upgrading biogas to vehicle fuel quality was constructed and operated at the biogas plant,Gl?r IKS,Lillehammer Norway.Vehicle fuel quality according to Swedish legislation was successfully achieved in a single stage separation process.The raw biogas from anaerobic digestion of food waste contained 64±3 mol%CH_4,30–35 mol%CO_2 and less than one percent of N_2 and a minor amount of other impurities.The raw biogas was available at 1.03 bar with a maximum flow rate of 60 Nm^3h^(à1).Pre-treatment of biogas was performed to remove bulk H_2O and H_2S contents up to the required limits in the vehicle fuel before entering to membrane system.The membrane separation plant was designed to process 60 Nm^3h^(à1)of raw biogas at pressure up to 21 bar.The initial tests were,however,performed for the feed flow rate of 10 Nm^3h^(à1)at 21 bar.The successful operation of the pilot plant separation was continuously run for 192 h(8days).The CH_4 purity of 96%and maximum CH_4 recovery of 98%was reached in a short-term test of 5 h.The permeate stream contained over20 mol%CH_4which could be used for the heating application.Aspen Hysys~?was integrated with Chem Brane(in-house developed membrane model)to run the simulations for estimation of membrane area and energy requirement of the pilot plant.Cost estimation was performed based on simulation data and later compared with actual field results.
基金Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and BIA Separations Fund
文摘The main component of the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(CIGB)candidate vaccine against Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is the pIDKE2 plasmid.The current designed downstream process for the production of pIDKE2 fulfils all regulatory requirements and renders the required quantities of pharmaceuticalgrade plasmid DNA(pDNA)with 95%purity.The advantages of this procedure include high plasmid purity and the elimination of undesirable additives,such as toxic organic extractants and animal-derived enzymes.However,yields and consequently the productivity of the process are low.Previous work demonstrated that the most critical step of the process is the reverse phase chromatography,where conventional porous particle resins are used.Therefore,to increase the process productivity,alternative technologies such as membranes and chromatographic monoliths were tested as alternative options for this critical step.Here,a comparison between the behaviors of CIM~ C4-HLD and Sartobind phenyl matrices was performed.To obtain higher productivities and purities,the dynamic binding capacities and selectivities were evaluated.The results showed that both matrices had a similar capacity for pIDKE2 plasmid,but the separation of pDNA isoforms using CIM~ technology was much better than that with Sartobind.Additionally,the optimal conditions for loading plasmid DNA on a CIMC4-HLD 800-mL monolithic column in a real production process were determined.These optimizations will allow production levels to satisfy the high plasmid consumption demanded by clinical trials.
文摘【目的】针对高浑浊度矿井水处理技术存在处理工序长、超滤(UF)膜进水水质要求高、膜污染严重的问题,采用短流程超滤膜化学反应器(MCR)组器处理高浑浊度矿井水。【方法】在保留短流程超滤MCR工艺精简、集成度高、占地面积小的优势基础上,对短流程超滤MCR技术的抗污染膜组器型式进行改进,探究高效膜污染控制组器型式;并对改进后组器的运行参数开展试验研究,通过优化运行通量、系统回收率、运行周期、反洗通量4个运行参数,考察不同运行条件对膜污染控制效果,从而确定抗污染膜组器的稳定运行参数,通过进水悬浮物浓度,考察短流程超滤MCR组器的进水条件。【结果】结果表明,短流程超滤MCR组器中振动模式的抗污染性能优于曝气模式,跨膜压差(TMP)低于曝气模式0.16~0.26 k Pa/d。而在振动模式中,线性振动模式TMP低于旋转振动模式0.5 k Pa/d,表明线性振动模式抗污染能力强,且线性振动模式的吨水能耗为0.03 k W·h、水阻能耗占比为28.8%,均优于旋转振动模式。此外,线性振动模式短流程超滤MCR组器在运行通量≤40L/(m^(2)·h),系统回收率≤97%,运行周期为45 min,反洗通量为60 L/(m^(2)·h)条件下,能保证膜抗污染效果,短流程超滤MCR组器进水耐受悬浮物质量浓度达到2000 mg/L,运行参数调整对产水水质无显著影响。【结论】振动模式短流程超滤MCR组器可有效减少处理工艺流程,放宽UF膜进水水质要求,缓解UF膜运行过程中膜污染的情况,可为高浑浊度矿井水工艺改造提供技术指导。
