Power transformer insulation systems are subjected to many stresses during normal operation due to lightning and switching.If the spectrum of incoming surge voltage matches the winding one,the corresponding resonance ...Power transformer insulation systems are subjected to many stresses during normal operation due to lightning and switching.If the spectrum of incoming surge voltage matches the winding one,the corresponding resonance will be excited.Therefore external transients occurring in power systems might trigger internal overvoltages with large maximum value in transformer windings.Overvoltages having such characteristic have been the root cause of many power transformer failures.The paper presents an approach to the identification of sensitive zones in the transformer windings based on the measurements of overvoltages inside windings and frequency dependences of admittance of the power transformer.The frequency characteristic of the transformer winding may determine those regions in the frequency spectrum.The presented approach might be used both for design optimization and diagnostics of distribution and power transformers.展开更多
目的 探讨三维酰胺质子转移加权(three-dimensions amide proton transfer weighted,3D-APTw)成像在评估肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)病理分级中的价值。材料与方法 前瞻性招募2020年10月至2023年4月经手术病理证实为HCC并进...目的 探讨三维酰胺质子转移加权(three-dimensions amide proton transfer weighted,3D-APTw)成像在评估肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)病理分级中的价值。材料与方法 前瞻性招募2020年10月至2023年4月经手术病理证实为HCC并进行Edmondson-Steiner四级(Ⅰ~Ⅳ)分级的患者共43例。将Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级HCC定为低级别HCC,Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级病变定为高级别HCC。采用飞利浦3.0 T MRI设备在术前对患者进行扫描,分别采集T1WI、T2WI、弥散加权成像、酰胺质子转移加权(amide proton transfer weighted,APTw)及多期增强图像。由两位经验丰富的放射科医生独立测量HCC及正常肝实质的APTw值。采用Mann-Whitney U非参数检验分析组间差异。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析APTw值的诊断效能,计算曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)、阈值及其敏感度和特异度。采用Spearman相关分析,评估APTw与HCC的组织学分级之间的相关性。结果 低级别HCC的APTw值(2.15%±0.13%)低于高级别HCC(2.63%±0.13%),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.03)。APTw值鉴别高级别及低级别HCC的AUC为0.69(95%CI:0.53~0.82),最佳阈值为1.85%时,敏感度和特异度分别为90.00%和42.31%。Spearman相关性分析结果显示APTw值与HCC病理分级呈正相关,相关系数r=0.43(P=0.003)。结论 APTw值可用于鉴别高级别及低级别HCC,3D-APTw成像在术前预测HCC病理分级中有一定的价值。展开更多
强干扰区多类噪声时空叠加,对电磁勘探的影响严重且复杂.以往的人工源电磁(Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Method,CSEM)信号处理方法大多针对单道数据进行处理,并未考虑各道之间的相关性,从而产生非必要的误差.为此,在同步观测的...强干扰区多类噪声时空叠加,对电磁勘探的影响严重且复杂.以往的人工源电磁(Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Method,CSEM)信号处理方法大多针对单道数据进行处理,并未考虑各道之间的相关性,从而产生非必要的误差.为此,在同步观测的基础上,本文提出一种基于站间传递函数的CSEM有效信号提取方法.首先,从多域对同步观测的CSEM数据进行质量评价,优选出高信噪比的参考站;其次,基于参考站与测站之间的时域信号方差比(Ratio of variance,ROV)实现测站强干扰噪声的快速识别与定位,采用密度聚类方法(Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise,DBSCAN)筛选出测站高信噪比数据段,并构建频率域站间传递函数;最后,考虑各道之间的相关性,利用参考站信号与站间传递函数对受强干扰时间段的观测数据进行处理,从而实现了强干扰环境下CSEM有效信号的高精度提取.通过对仿真信号与广域电磁法(Wide Field Electromagnetic Method,WFEM)实测数据的处理,验证了方法的有效性和实用性.结果表明,本文提出的基于站间传递函数的CSEM信噪分离方法不仅考虑了多道同步观测数据之间的相关性,还能在不增加野外工作量的基础上实现对有效信号的高精度提取,方法具有普适性,为CSEM同步阵列数据处理提供了一种快速、可行的解决方案.展开更多
文摘Power transformer insulation systems are subjected to many stresses during normal operation due to lightning and switching.If the spectrum of incoming surge voltage matches the winding one,the corresponding resonance will be excited.Therefore external transients occurring in power systems might trigger internal overvoltages with large maximum value in transformer windings.Overvoltages having such characteristic have been the root cause of many power transformer failures.The paper presents an approach to the identification of sensitive zones in the transformer windings based on the measurements of overvoltages inside windings and frequency dependences of admittance of the power transformer.The frequency characteristic of the transformer winding may determine those regions in the frequency spectrum.The presented approach might be used both for design optimization and diagnostics of distribution and power transformers.
文摘目的 探讨三维酰胺质子转移加权(three-dimensions amide proton transfer weighted,3D-APTw)成像在评估肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)病理分级中的价值。材料与方法 前瞻性招募2020年10月至2023年4月经手术病理证实为HCC并进行Edmondson-Steiner四级(Ⅰ~Ⅳ)分级的患者共43例。将Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级HCC定为低级别HCC,Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级病变定为高级别HCC。采用飞利浦3.0 T MRI设备在术前对患者进行扫描,分别采集T1WI、T2WI、弥散加权成像、酰胺质子转移加权(amide proton transfer weighted,APTw)及多期增强图像。由两位经验丰富的放射科医生独立测量HCC及正常肝实质的APTw值。采用Mann-Whitney U非参数检验分析组间差异。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析APTw值的诊断效能,计算曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)、阈值及其敏感度和特异度。采用Spearman相关分析,评估APTw与HCC的组织学分级之间的相关性。结果 低级别HCC的APTw值(2.15%±0.13%)低于高级别HCC(2.63%±0.13%),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.03)。APTw值鉴别高级别及低级别HCC的AUC为0.69(95%CI:0.53~0.82),最佳阈值为1.85%时,敏感度和特异度分别为90.00%和42.31%。Spearman相关性分析结果显示APTw值与HCC病理分级呈正相关,相关系数r=0.43(P=0.003)。结论 APTw值可用于鉴别高级别及低级别HCC,3D-APTw成像在术前预测HCC病理分级中有一定的价值。
文摘强干扰区多类噪声时空叠加,对电磁勘探的影响严重且复杂.以往的人工源电磁(Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Method,CSEM)信号处理方法大多针对单道数据进行处理,并未考虑各道之间的相关性,从而产生非必要的误差.为此,在同步观测的基础上,本文提出一种基于站间传递函数的CSEM有效信号提取方法.首先,从多域对同步观测的CSEM数据进行质量评价,优选出高信噪比的参考站;其次,基于参考站与测站之间的时域信号方差比(Ratio of variance,ROV)实现测站强干扰噪声的快速识别与定位,采用密度聚类方法(Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise,DBSCAN)筛选出测站高信噪比数据段,并构建频率域站间传递函数;最后,考虑各道之间的相关性,利用参考站信号与站间传递函数对受强干扰时间段的观测数据进行处理,从而实现了强干扰环境下CSEM有效信号的高精度提取.通过对仿真信号与广域电磁法(Wide Field Electromagnetic Method,WFEM)实测数据的处理,验证了方法的有效性和实用性.结果表明,本文提出的基于站间传递函数的CSEM信噪分离方法不仅考虑了多道同步观测数据之间的相关性,还能在不增加野外工作量的基础上实现对有效信号的高精度提取,方法具有普适性,为CSEM同步阵列数据处理提供了一种快速、可行的解决方案.
