This study presents a fragility curve to assess explosively induced damage to military vehicle tires based on shock tube experiments.To replicate lateral damage scenarios that may occur in real battlefield environment...This study presents a fragility curve to assess explosively induced damage to military vehicle tires based on shock tube experiments.To replicate lateral damage scenarios that may occur in real battlefield environments involving missile or bomb detonations,extreme overpressure conditions were generated using a shock tube.The influence of explosive charge mass on tire damage was quantitatively evaluated.Experimental results identified two critical failure thresholds:for loss of pressure,the threshold was 354 kPa peak overpressure and 3052 kPa·ms impulse;for rupture,the values were 485 kPa and 4237 kPa-ms,respectively.The same damage profile was reproduced through finite element analysis(FEA),verifying the reliability of the simulation.A Single Degree of Freedom(SDOF)model and Kingery-Bulmash(K-B)chart were employed to generate pressure-impulse data as a function of standoff distance.These data were applied to a finite element tire model using the BLAST ENHANCED keyword in LS-DYNA.The applied peak overpressures were identical to the experimental values with a 24%-27%difference in impulse.The simulation also captured recurring bead rim separation phenomenon,leading to internal pressure loss consistent with high-speed camera observations from the experiments.The resulting fragility curve clearly defines the threshold conditions for tire damage and provides a standardized damage assessment model applicable to various explosive charge masses and stand-off distances.The proposed model offers a quantitative basis for evaluating tire vulnerability,providing foundational reference data for defense applications.Specifically,the findings are expected to serve as a reliable source for weapon effects analysis and target vulnerability assessments involving wheeled military vehicles.展开更多
Non-pneumatic tire appears to have advantages over traditional pneumatic tire in terms of flat proof and maintenance free.A mechanical elastic wheel(MEW) with a non-pneumatic elastic outer ring which functions as air ...Non-pneumatic tire appears to have advantages over traditional pneumatic tire in terms of flat proof and maintenance free.A mechanical elastic wheel(MEW) with a non-pneumatic elastic outer ring which functions as air of pneumatic tire was presented.The structure of MEW was non-inflatable integrated configuration and the effect of hinges was accounted for only in tension. To establish finite element model of MEW, various nonlinear factors, such as geometrical nonlinearity, material nonlinearity and contact nonlinearity, were considered. Load characteristic test was conducted by tyre dynamic test-bed to obtain force-deflection curve. And the finite element model was validated through load characteristic test. Natural dynamic characteristics of the MEW and its influencing factors were investigated based on the finite element model. Simulation results show that the finite element model closely matched experimental wheel. The results also show that natural frequency is related to ground constraints, material properties, loads and torques. Influencing factors as above obviously affect the amplitude of mode of vibration, but have little effect on mode of vibration shape. The results can provide guidance for experiment research, structural optimization of MEW.展开更多
Cavity resonance noise of passenger car tires is generated by interacting excitation between a tire structure and the fill gas (air), and generally lies in a frequency range of 200?250 Hz. As such, this noise is stron...Cavity resonance noise of passenger car tires is generated by interacting excitation between a tire structure and the fill gas (air), and generally lies in a frequency range of 200?250 Hz. As such, this noise is strongly perceived and may be a serious source of driver annoyance. Thus, many studies regarding the cavity noise mechanism and its reduction have already been conducted. In this work, a vibro-acoustic coupled analysis was conducted between a tire structure and air cavity. Using this analysis, we can more accurately simulate the tire noise performance in the region of the cavity resonance frequency. An analysis of the effects of variation of tire contour design factors was conducted, using design-of-experiments methods. Finally, a multi-objective optimization was performed using in-house codes to reduce the cavity noise level while minimizing the loss of other performances, such as diminished ride comfort and handling caused by the variations of contour. As a result of this optimization, an optimized contour shape was derived, which satisfied the multi-objective performances.展开更多
The compaction and stress generation on terrain were always investigated based on empirical approaches or testing methods for tire/soil interaction.However,the analysis should be performed for various tires and at dif...The compaction and stress generation on terrain were always investigated based on empirical approaches or testing methods for tire/soil interaction.However,the analysis should be performed for various tires and at different soil strengths.With the increasing capacity of numerical computers and simulation software,finite element modeling of tire/terrain interaction seems a good approach for predicting the effect of change on the parameters.In this work,an elaborated 3D model fully complianning with the geometry of radial tire 115/60R13 was established,using commercial code Solidwork Simulation.The hyper-elastic and incompressible rubber as tire main material was analyzed by Moony-Rivlin model.The Drucker-Prager yield criterion was used to model the soil compaction.Results show that the model realistically predicts the laboratory tests outputs of the modeled tire on the soft soil.展开更多
Inspired by the idea that bionic non-smooth surfaces(BNSS) can reduce fluid adhesion and resistance, and the effect of bionic V-riblet non-smooth structure arranged in tire tread pattern grooves surface on anti-hydrop...Inspired by the idea that bionic non-smooth surfaces(BNSS) can reduce fluid adhesion and resistance, and the effect of bionic V-riblet non-smooth structure arranged in tire tread pattern grooves surface on anti-hydroplaning performance was investigated by using computational fluid dynamics(CFD). The physical model of the object(model of V-riblet surface distribution, hydroplaning model) and SST k-ω turbulence model were established for numerical analysis of tire hydroplaning. With the help of a orthogonal table L16(45), the parameters of V-riblet structure design compared to the smooth structure were analyzed, and obtained the priority level of the experimental factors as well as the best combination within the scope of the experiment. The simulation results show that V-riblet structure can reduce water flow resistance by disturbing the eddy movement in boundary layers. Then, the preferred type of V-riblet non-smooth structure was arranged on the bottom of tire grooves for hydroplaning performance analysis. The results show that bionic V-riblet non-smooth structure can effectively increase hydroplaning velocity and improve tire anti-hydroplaning performance. Bionic design of tire tread pattern grooves is a good way to promote anti-hydroplaning performance without increasing additional groove space, so that tire grip performance and roll noise are avoided due to grooves space enlargement.展开更多
The paper presents modelling and simulation of a local blast wave interaction with a tire of a logistic truck supporting military operations.In the military industry,it is desired to improve effectiveness and strength...The paper presents modelling and simulation of a local blast wave interaction with a tire of a logistic truck supporting military operations.In the military industry,it is desired to improve effectiveness and strength of vehicle components and simultaneously to minimize the risk of crew injuries.Therefore,the main goal of this paper is to present an attempt to improve blast resistance of a tire.Based on the developed,verified and validated finite element model an optimization procedure was conducted to minimize the damage of a tire subjected to a blast wave.The main issue in the performed computations was to estimate an influence of the cords angle in each layer.For this purpose,a pre-processor script was developed in order to easily modify the finite element model so that the generation process was perfo rmed automatically on the basis of optimization variables.Dynamic response of a tire subjected to blast wave in different cases(cords configurations) was analyzed.It was shown that the optimized cords angles configuration reduces tire local damage and increases its blast resistance.展开更多
The tire blowout or severe leakage real-time monitoring is one of key technologies for developing a tire blowout automatic braking system.An indirect real-time monitoring method to fuse analyses of tire vibration and ...The tire blowout or severe leakage real-time monitoring is one of key technologies for developing a tire blowout automatic braking system.An indirect real-time monitoring method to fuse analyses of tire vibration and effective radius is provided in this paper,and a monitoring system is developed.The calibration and related test results showthat the system can detect the tire blowout in low and middle vehicle speeds and the severe leakage in all speeds timely and accurately.展开更多
在日常会话和写作中,英语并列结构是最为常用的一种句型结构。本文拟就英语并列结构的形式及其变化在文章中的修辞作用作一粗浅的论述。 (一)英语并列结构最简单的形式是使用简单并列连词and,or,but等连接相应的等同成分。这些简单的并...在日常会话和写作中,英语并列结构是最为常用的一种句型结构。本文拟就英语并列结构的形式及其变化在文章中的修辞作用作一粗浅的论述。 (一)英语并列结构最简单的形式是使用简单并列连词and,or,but等连接相应的等同成分。这些简单的并列连词可用来连接单词:walk or run;students and teachers;happy but tired.展开更多
基金part of the Agency for Defense Development(ADD)research project on Weapon lethality/effectiveness analysis technology for material targets and grant funded by the korean goverment(511225-912A03301)。
文摘This study presents a fragility curve to assess explosively induced damage to military vehicle tires based on shock tube experiments.To replicate lateral damage scenarios that may occur in real battlefield environments involving missile or bomb detonations,extreme overpressure conditions were generated using a shock tube.The influence of explosive charge mass on tire damage was quantitatively evaluated.Experimental results identified two critical failure thresholds:for loss of pressure,the threshold was 354 kPa peak overpressure and 3052 kPa·ms impulse;for rupture,the values were 485 kPa and 4237 kPa-ms,respectively.The same damage profile was reproduced through finite element analysis(FEA),verifying the reliability of the simulation.A Single Degree of Freedom(SDOF)model and Kingery-Bulmash(K-B)chart were employed to generate pressure-impulse data as a function of standoff distance.These data were applied to a finite element tire model using the BLAST ENHANCED keyword in LS-DYNA.The applied peak overpressures were identical to the experimental values with a 24%-27%difference in impulse.The simulation also captured recurring bead rim separation phenomenon,leading to internal pressure loss consistent with high-speed camera observations from the experiments.The resulting fragility curve clearly defines the threshold conditions for tire damage and provides a standardized damage assessment model applicable to various explosive charge masses and stand-off distances.The proposed model offers a quantitative basis for evaluating tire vulnerability,providing foundational reference data for defense applications.Specifically,the findings are expected to serve as a reliable source for weapon effects analysis and target vulnerability assessments involving wheeled military vehicles.
基金Project(NHA13002)supported by Explore Research Project of the General Armament Department,ChinaProject(11072106)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Non-pneumatic tire appears to have advantages over traditional pneumatic tire in terms of flat proof and maintenance free.A mechanical elastic wheel(MEW) with a non-pneumatic elastic outer ring which functions as air of pneumatic tire was presented.The structure of MEW was non-inflatable integrated configuration and the effect of hinges was accounted for only in tension. To establish finite element model of MEW, various nonlinear factors, such as geometrical nonlinearity, material nonlinearity and contact nonlinearity, were considered. Load characteristic test was conducted by tyre dynamic test-bed to obtain force-deflection curve. And the finite element model was validated through load characteristic test. Natural dynamic characteristics of the MEW and its influencing factors were investigated based on the finite element model. Simulation results show that the finite element model closely matched experimental wheel. The results also show that natural frequency is related to ground constraints, material properties, loads and torques. Influencing factors as above obviously affect the amplitude of mode of vibration, but have little effect on mode of vibration shape. The results can provide guidance for experiment research, structural optimization of MEW.
文摘Cavity resonance noise of passenger car tires is generated by interacting excitation between a tire structure and the fill gas (air), and generally lies in a frequency range of 200?250 Hz. As such, this noise is strongly perceived and may be a serious source of driver annoyance. Thus, many studies regarding the cavity noise mechanism and its reduction have already been conducted. In this work, a vibro-acoustic coupled analysis was conducted between a tire structure and air cavity. Using this analysis, we can more accurately simulate the tire noise performance in the region of the cavity resonance frequency. An analysis of the effects of variation of tire contour design factors was conducted, using design-of-experiments methods. Finally, a multi-objective optimization was performed using in-house codes to reduce the cavity noise level while minimizing the loss of other performances, such as diminished ride comfort and handling caused by the variations of contour. As a result of this optimization, an optimized contour shape was derived, which satisfied the multi-objective performances.
文摘The compaction and stress generation on terrain were always investigated based on empirical approaches or testing methods for tire/soil interaction.However,the analysis should be performed for various tires and at different soil strengths.With the increasing capacity of numerical computers and simulation software,finite element modeling of tire/terrain interaction seems a good approach for predicting the effect of change on the parameters.In this work,an elaborated 3D model fully complianning with the geometry of radial tire 115/60R13 was established,using commercial code Solidwork Simulation.The hyper-elastic and incompressible rubber as tire main material was analyzed by Moony-Rivlin model.The Drucker-Prager yield criterion was used to model the soil compaction.Results show that the model realistically predicts the laboratory tests outputs of the modeled tire on the soft soil.
基金Project(51405201)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(1291120046)supported by the Jiangsu University Advanced Talents Initial Funding,China+1 种基金Project(QC201303)supported by the Open Fund of Automotive Engineering Key Laboratory,ChinaProject(2014M551509)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘Inspired by the idea that bionic non-smooth surfaces(BNSS) can reduce fluid adhesion and resistance, and the effect of bionic V-riblet non-smooth structure arranged in tire tread pattern grooves surface on anti-hydroplaning performance was investigated by using computational fluid dynamics(CFD). The physical model of the object(model of V-riblet surface distribution, hydroplaning model) and SST k-ω turbulence model were established for numerical analysis of tire hydroplaning. With the help of a orthogonal table L16(45), the parameters of V-riblet structure design compared to the smooth structure were analyzed, and obtained the priority level of the experimental factors as well as the best combination within the scope of the experiment. The simulation results show that V-riblet structure can reduce water flow resistance by disturbing the eddy movement in boundary layers. Then, the preferred type of V-riblet non-smooth structure was arranged on the bottom of tire grooves for hydroplaning performance analysis. The results show that bionic V-riblet non-smooth structure can effectively increase hydroplaning velocity and improve tire anti-hydroplaning performance. Bionic design of tire tread pattern grooves is a good way to promote anti-hydroplaning performance without increasing additional groove space, so that tire grip performance and roll noise are avoided due to grooves space enlargement.
基金The research was carried out under a research grant no.RMN 723the support of the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling(ICM)University of Warsaw under grant no GB73-19.This support is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The paper presents modelling and simulation of a local blast wave interaction with a tire of a logistic truck supporting military operations.In the military industry,it is desired to improve effectiveness and strength of vehicle components and simultaneously to minimize the risk of crew injuries.Therefore,the main goal of this paper is to present an attempt to improve blast resistance of a tire.Based on the developed,verified and validated finite element model an optimization procedure was conducted to minimize the damage of a tire subjected to a blast wave.The main issue in the performed computations was to estimate an influence of the cords angle in each layer.For this purpose,a pre-processor script was developed in order to easily modify the finite element model so that the generation process was perfo rmed automatically on the basis of optimization variables.Dynamic response of a tire subjected to blast wave in different cases(cords configurations) was analyzed.It was shown that the optimized cords angles configuration reduces tire local damage and increases its blast resistance.
基金Sponsored by the Applied Foundation Research Project of Suzhou(SYFG0932)
文摘The tire blowout or severe leakage real-time monitoring is one of key technologies for developing a tire blowout automatic braking system.An indirect real-time monitoring method to fuse analyses of tire vibration and effective radius is provided in this paper,and a monitoring system is developed.The calibration and related test results showthat the system can detect the tire blowout in low and middle vehicle speeds and the severe leakage in all speeds timely and accurately.
文摘在日常会话和写作中,英语并列结构是最为常用的一种句型结构。本文拟就英语并列结构的形式及其变化在文章中的修辞作用作一粗浅的论述。 (一)英语并列结构最简单的形式是使用简单并列连词and,or,but等连接相应的等同成分。这些简单的并列连词可用来连接单词:walk or run;students and teachers;happy but tired.
