One of the major challenges arising in internet of military things(IoMT)is accommodating massive connectivity while providing guaranteed quality of service(QoS)in terms of ultra-high reliability.In this regard,this pa...One of the major challenges arising in internet of military things(IoMT)is accommodating massive connectivity while providing guaranteed quality of service(QoS)in terms of ultra-high reliability.In this regard,this paper presents a class of code-domain nonorthogonal multiple accesses(NOMAs)for uplink ultra reliable networking of massive IoMT based on tactical datalink such as Link-16 and joint tactical information distribution system(JTIDS).In the considered scenario,a satellite equipped with Nr antennas servers K devices including vehicles,drones,ships,sensors,handset radios,etc.Nonorthogonal coded modulation,a special form of multiple input multiple output(MIMO)-NOMA is proposed.The discussion starts with evaluating the output signal to interference-plus-noise(SINR)of receiver filter,leading to the unveiling of a closed-form expression for overloading systems as the number of users is significantly larger than the number of devices admitted such that massive connectivity is rendered.The expression allows for the development of simple yet successful interference suppression based on power allocation and phase shaping techniques that maximizes the sum rate since it is equivalent to fixed-point programming as can be proved.The proposed design is exemplified by nonlinear modulation schemes such as minimum shift keying(MSK)and Gaussian MSK(GMSK),two pivotal modulation formats in IoMT standards such as Link-16 and JITDS.Numerical results show that near capacity performance is offered.Fortunately,the performance is obtained using simple forward error corrections(FECs)of higher coding rate than existing schemes do,while the transmit power is reduced by 6 dB.The proposed design finds wide applications not only in IoMT but also in deep space communications,where ultra reliability and massive connectivity is a keen concern.展开更多
物联网技术在感知装置、网络协议及上层应用方面的异构性导致了物联网应用之间集成的困难。物品万维网技术(Web of Things,WoT)通过万维网技术屏蔽这种异构性,为快速应用开发提供极大的便利。在分析和总结物品万维网研究现状的基础上,...物联网技术在感知装置、网络协议及上层应用方面的异构性导致了物联网应用之间集成的困难。物品万维网技术(Web of Things,WoT)通过万维网技术屏蔽这种异构性,为快速应用开发提供极大的便利。在分析和总结物品万维网研究现状的基础上,将物品万维网技术体系结构划分为WoT使能层、WoT资源/服务管理层及WoT应用层。最后在分析物品相关特性的基础上,给出了WoT技术未来可能的研究方向。展开更多
在英语学习中,动词不定式是英语动词的一种重要的非限定形式,无论在书面语还是在口语中都应用十分广泛.就不定式而言,其被动形式却是一种复杂而常用的语言特殊形式.本文仅就不定式被动形式的用法做一点浅显分析,供同行参考.动词不定式...在英语学习中,动词不定式是英语动词的一种重要的非限定形式,无论在书面语还是在口语中都应用十分广泛.就不定式而言,其被动形式却是一种复杂而常用的语言特殊形式.本文仅就不定式被动形式的用法做一点浅显分析,供同行参考.动词不定式的被动式主要有两种,即:一般体(to be done)和完成体(to have been done).由于不定式在语法上不能有主语,但它所表示的又是动作,因此具有动词的许多特点,如及物动词不定式可以有自己的宾语、状语,系动词不定式可以有自己的表语。展开更多
The inertial navigation system(INS),which is frequently used in emergency rescue operations and other situations,has the benefits of not relying on infrastructure,high positioning frequency,and strong real-time perfor...The inertial navigation system(INS),which is frequently used in emergency rescue operations and other situations,has the benefits of not relying on infrastructure,high positioning frequency,and strong real-time performance.However,the intricate and unpredictable pedestrian motion patterns lead the INS localization error to significantly diverge with time.This paper aims to enhance the accuracy of zero-velocity interval(ZVI)detection and reduce the heading and altitude drift of foot-mounted INS via deep learning and equation constraint of dual feet.Aiming at the observational noise problem of low-cost inertial sensors,we utilize a denoising autoencoder to automatically eliminate the inherent noise.Aiming at the problem that inaccurate detection of the ZVI detection results in obvious displacement error,we propose a sample-level ZVI detection algorithm based on the U-Net neural network,which effectively solves the problem of mislabeling caused by sliding windows.Aiming at the problem that Zero-Velocity Update(ZUPT)cannot suppress heading and altitude error,we propose a bipedal INS method based on the equation constraint and ellipsoid constraint,which uses foot-to-foot distance as a new observation to correct heading and altitude error.We conduct extensive and well-designed experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.The experimental results indicate that the position error of our proposed method did not exceed 0.83% of the total traveled distance.展开更多
Sheet metal forming,as a typical energy-intensive process,consumes massive energy.Due to the significant difference between sheet metal forming and machining,manufacturers still lack an effective method to monitor and...Sheet metal forming,as a typical energy-intensive process,consumes massive energy.Due to the significant difference between sheet metal forming and machining,manufacturers still lack an effective method to monitor and analyze the energy efficiency in the sheet metal forming workshop.To this end,an energy efficiency monitoring and analysis(EEMA)method,which is supported by Internet of Things(IoT),is proposed.The characteristics in a forming workshop are first analyzed,and then the architecture of the method is expatiated-detailedly.Energy efficiency indicators at machine level,process level,and workshop level are defined,respectively.Finally,a sheet metal forming workshop for the deformation of panels of forklift was investigated to validate the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed method.With the application of the IoT-enabled method,various energy-saving decisions can be made by the management of the enterprises for energy efficiency improvement and energy consumption reduction(EEIECR)in the sheet metal forming workshop.展开更多
With the rapid development of data applications in the scene of Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT),how to schedule resources in IIoT environment has become an urgent problem to be solved.Due to benefit of its strong ...With the rapid development of data applications in the scene of Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT),how to schedule resources in IIoT environment has become an urgent problem to be solved.Due to benefit of its strong scalability and compatibility,Kubernetes has been applied to resource scheduling in IIoT scenarios.However,the limited types of resources,the default scheduling scoring strategy,and the lack of delay control module limit its resource scheduling performance.To address these problems,this paper proposes a multi-resource scheduling(MRS)scheme of Kubernetes for IIoT.The MRS scheme dynamically balances resource utilization by taking both requirements of tasks and the current system state into consideration.Furthermore,the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the MRS scheme in terms of delay control and resource utilization.展开更多
英语中,许多男、女性对应表达方法存在着语义差别。这种差别在 man 与 woman 上就有所体现。man 能被理解为“a person”或“peo-ple in general"。man 作为“human being"是根深蒂固,不能改变的,在整个英语史上都保持着这个...英语中,许多男、女性对应表达方法存在着语义差别。这种差别在 man 与 woman 上就有所体现。man 能被理解为“a person”或“peo-ple in general"。man 作为“human being"是根深蒂固,不能改变的,在整个英语史上都保持着这个意思。比如:（a<sub>1</sub>）"All men are created equal."（a<sub>2</sub>）"Man is the measure of all things.”这里当然不能用 woman 替代 man 而保持原意,试比较:（b<sub>1</sub>）"All women are created equal."（b<sub>2</sub>）"Womem are the measure of展开更多
The industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)is a new indus-trial idea that combines the latest information and communica-tion technologies with the industrial economy.In this paper,a cloud control structure is designed for...The industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)is a new indus-trial idea that combines the latest information and communica-tion technologies with the industrial economy.In this paper,a cloud control structure is designed for IIoT in cloud-edge envi-ronment with three modes of 5G.For 5G based IIoT,the time sensitive network(TSN)service is introduced in transmission network.A 5G logical TSN bridge is designed to transport TSN streams over 5G framework to achieve end-to-end configuration.For a transmission control protocol(TCP)model with nonlinear disturbance,time delay and uncertainties,a robust adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller(AFSMC)is given with control rule parameters.IIoT workflows are made up of a series of subtasks that are linked by the dependencies between sensor datasets and task flows.IIoT workflow scheduling is a non-deterministic polynomial(NP)-hard problem in cloud-edge environment.An adaptive and non-local-convergent particle swarm optimization(ANCPSO)is designed with nonlinear inertia weight to avoid falling into local optimum,which can reduce the makespan and cost dramatically.Simulation and experiments demonstrate that ANCPSO has better performances than other classical algo-rithms.展开更多
have是一个应用广泛的词。它既可作实意动词,又可作助动词,还可以与to一起构成情态动词。本文仅就have在中学英语教材中的一些用法作一综述。一、have表示“有”的意思。(在否定句和疑问句中,也可采用“助动词do+have的原形”形式。)例...have是一个应用广泛的词。它既可作实意动词,又可作助动词,还可以与to一起构成情态动词。本文仅就have在中学英语教材中的一些用法作一综述。一、have表示“有”的意思。(在否定句和疑问句中,也可采用“助动词do+have的原形”形式。)例如: I have a picture book. Li Pin hasn’t any blue ink.(Li展开更多
As a typical industrial Internet of things(IIOT)service,demand response(DR)is becoming a promising enabler for intelligent energy management in 6 G-enabled smart grid systems,to achieve quick response for supply-deman...As a typical industrial Internet of things(IIOT)service,demand response(DR)is becoming a promising enabler for intelligent energy management in 6 G-enabled smart grid systems,to achieve quick response for supply-demand mismatches.How-ever,existing literatures try to adjust customers’load profiles optimally,instead of electricity overhead,energy consumption patterns of residential appliances,customer satisfaction levels,and energy consumption habits.In this paper,a novel DR method is investigated by mixing the aforementioned factors,where the residential customer cluster is proposed to enhance the performance.Clustering approaches are leveraged to study the electricity consumption habits of various customers by extracting their features and characteristics from historical data.Based on the extracted information,the residential appliances can be scheduled effectively and flexibly.Moreover,we propose and study an efficient optimization framework to obtain the optimal scheduling solution by using clustering and deep learning methods.Extensive simulation experiments are conducted with real-world traces.Numerical results show that the proposed DR method and optimization framework outperform other baseline schemes in terms of the system overhead and peak-to-average ratio(PAR).The impact of various factors on the system utility is further analyzed,which provides useful insights on improving the efficiency of the DR strategy.With the achievement of efficient and intelligent energy management,the proposed method also promotes the realization of China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61601346 and 62377039)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No.2018JQ6044)+2 种基金the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China(Grant No.2023-276-1-1)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Northwestern Polytechnical University(Grant No.31020180QD089)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.20200043053004 and 20200043053005)。
文摘One of the major challenges arising in internet of military things(IoMT)is accommodating massive connectivity while providing guaranteed quality of service(QoS)in terms of ultra-high reliability.In this regard,this paper presents a class of code-domain nonorthogonal multiple accesses(NOMAs)for uplink ultra reliable networking of massive IoMT based on tactical datalink such as Link-16 and joint tactical information distribution system(JTIDS).In the considered scenario,a satellite equipped with Nr antennas servers K devices including vehicles,drones,ships,sensors,handset radios,etc.Nonorthogonal coded modulation,a special form of multiple input multiple output(MIMO)-NOMA is proposed.The discussion starts with evaluating the output signal to interference-plus-noise(SINR)of receiver filter,leading to the unveiling of a closed-form expression for overloading systems as the number of users is significantly larger than the number of devices admitted such that massive connectivity is rendered.The expression allows for the development of simple yet successful interference suppression based on power allocation and phase shaping techniques that maximizes the sum rate since it is equivalent to fixed-point programming as can be proved.The proposed design is exemplified by nonlinear modulation schemes such as minimum shift keying(MSK)and Gaussian MSK(GMSK),two pivotal modulation formats in IoMT standards such as Link-16 and JITDS.Numerical results show that near capacity performance is offered.Fortunately,the performance is obtained using simple forward error corrections(FECs)of higher coding rate than existing schemes do,while the transmit power is reduced by 6 dB.The proposed design finds wide applications not only in IoMT but also in deep space communications,where ultra reliability and massive connectivity is a keen concern.
文摘物联网技术在感知装置、网络协议及上层应用方面的异构性导致了物联网应用之间集成的困难。物品万维网技术(Web of Things,WoT)通过万维网技术屏蔽这种异构性,为快速应用开发提供极大的便利。在分析和总结物品万维网研究现状的基础上,将物品万维网技术体系结构划分为WoT使能层、WoT资源/服务管理层及WoT应用层。最后在分析物品相关特性的基础上,给出了WoT技术未来可能的研究方向。
文摘在英语学习中,动词不定式是英语动词的一种重要的非限定形式,无论在书面语还是在口语中都应用十分广泛.就不定式而言,其被动形式却是一种复杂而常用的语言特殊形式.本文仅就不定式被动形式的用法做一点浅显分析,供同行参考.动词不定式的被动式主要有两种,即:一般体(to be done)和完成体(to have been done).由于不定式在语法上不能有主语,但它所表示的又是动作,因此具有动词的许多特点,如及物动词不定式可以有自己的宾语、状语,系动词不定式可以有自己的表语。
基金supported in part by National Key Research and Development Program under Grant No.2020YFB1708800China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.2021M700385+5 种基金Guang Dong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant No.2021A1515110577Guangdong Key Research and Development Program under Grant No.2020B0101130007Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Shanxi Province under Grant No.YDZJSX2022B019Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities under Grant No.FRF-MP-20-37Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities)under Grant No.FRF-IDRY-21-005National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62002026。
文摘The inertial navigation system(INS),which is frequently used in emergency rescue operations and other situations,has the benefits of not relying on infrastructure,high positioning frequency,and strong real-time performance.However,the intricate and unpredictable pedestrian motion patterns lead the INS localization error to significantly diverge with time.This paper aims to enhance the accuracy of zero-velocity interval(ZVI)detection and reduce the heading and altitude drift of foot-mounted INS via deep learning and equation constraint of dual feet.Aiming at the observational noise problem of low-cost inertial sensors,we utilize a denoising autoencoder to automatically eliminate the inherent noise.Aiming at the problem that inaccurate detection of the ZVI detection results in obvious displacement error,we propose a sample-level ZVI detection algorithm based on the U-Net neural network,which effectively solves the problem of mislabeling caused by sliding windows.Aiming at the problem that Zero-Velocity Update(ZUPT)cannot suppress heading and altitude error,we propose a bipedal INS method based on the equation constraint and ellipsoid constraint,which uses foot-to-foot distance as a new observation to correct heading and altitude error.We conduct extensive and well-designed experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.The experimental results indicate that the position error of our proposed method did not exceed 0.83% of the total traveled distance.
基金Projects(U20A20295,52005146)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(PA2019GDQT 0024)supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘Sheet metal forming,as a typical energy-intensive process,consumes massive energy.Due to the significant difference between sheet metal forming and machining,manufacturers still lack an effective method to monitor and analyze the energy efficiency in the sheet metal forming workshop.To this end,an energy efficiency monitoring and analysis(EEMA)method,which is supported by Internet of Things(IoT),is proposed.The characteristics in a forming workshop are first analyzed,and then the architecture of the method is expatiated-detailedly.Energy efficiency indicators at machine level,process level,and workshop level are defined,respectively.Finally,a sheet metal forming workshop for the deformation of panels of forklift was investigated to validate the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed method.With the application of the IoT-enabled method,various energy-saving decisions can be made by the management of the enterprises for energy efficiency improvement and energy consumption reduction(EEIECR)in the sheet metal forming workshop.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61872423)the Industry Prospective Primary Research&Development Plan of Jiangsu Province(BE2017111)the Scientific Research Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(19KJA180006).
文摘With the rapid development of data applications in the scene of Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT),how to schedule resources in IIoT environment has become an urgent problem to be solved.Due to benefit of its strong scalability and compatibility,Kubernetes has been applied to resource scheduling in IIoT scenarios.However,the limited types of resources,the default scheduling scoring strategy,and the lack of delay control module limit its resource scheduling performance.To address these problems,this paper proposes a multi-resource scheduling(MRS)scheme of Kubernetes for IIoT.The MRS scheme dynamically balances resource utilization by taking both requirements of tasks and the current system state into consideration.Furthermore,the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the MRS scheme in terms of delay control and resource utilization.
文摘英语中,许多男、女性对应表达方法存在着语义差别。这种差别在 man 与 woman 上就有所体现。man 能被理解为“a person”或“peo-ple in general"。man 作为“human being"是根深蒂固,不能改变的,在整个英语史上都保持着这个意思。比如:（a<sub>1</sub>）"All men are created equal."（a<sub>2</sub>）"Man is the measure of all things.”这里当然不能用 woman 替代 man 而保持原意,试比较:（b<sub>1</sub>）"All women are created equal."（b<sub>2</sub>）"Womem are the measure of
文摘The industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)is a new indus-trial idea that combines the latest information and communica-tion technologies with the industrial economy.In this paper,a cloud control structure is designed for IIoT in cloud-edge envi-ronment with three modes of 5G.For 5G based IIoT,the time sensitive network(TSN)service is introduced in transmission network.A 5G logical TSN bridge is designed to transport TSN streams over 5G framework to achieve end-to-end configuration.For a transmission control protocol(TCP)model with nonlinear disturbance,time delay and uncertainties,a robust adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller(AFSMC)is given with control rule parameters.IIoT workflows are made up of a series of subtasks that are linked by the dependencies between sensor datasets and task flows.IIoT workflow scheduling is a non-deterministic polynomial(NP)-hard problem in cloud-edge environment.An adaptive and non-local-convergent particle swarm optimization(ANCPSO)is designed with nonlinear inertia weight to avoid falling into local optimum,which can reduce the makespan and cost dramatically.Simulation and experiments demonstrate that ANCPSO has better performances than other classical algo-rithms.
文摘have是一个应用广泛的词。它既可作实意动词,又可作助动词,还可以与to一起构成情态动词。本文仅就have在中学英语教材中的一些用法作一综述。一、have表示“有”的意思。(在否定句和疑问句中,也可采用“助动词do+have的原形”形式。)例如: I have a picture book. Li Pin hasn’t any blue ink.(Li
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62171218)。
文摘As a typical industrial Internet of things(IIOT)service,demand response(DR)is becoming a promising enabler for intelligent energy management in 6 G-enabled smart grid systems,to achieve quick response for supply-demand mismatches.How-ever,existing literatures try to adjust customers’load profiles optimally,instead of electricity overhead,energy consumption patterns of residential appliances,customer satisfaction levels,and energy consumption habits.In this paper,a novel DR method is investigated by mixing the aforementioned factors,where the residential customer cluster is proposed to enhance the performance.Clustering approaches are leveraged to study the electricity consumption habits of various customers by extracting their features and characteristics from historical data.Based on the extracted information,the residential appliances can be scheduled effectively and flexibly.Moreover,we propose and study an efficient optimization framework to obtain the optimal scheduling solution by using clustering and deep learning methods.Extensive simulation experiments are conducted with real-world traces.Numerical results show that the proposed DR method and optimization framework outperform other baseline schemes in terms of the system overhead and peak-to-average ratio(PAR).The impact of various factors on the system utility is further analyzed,which provides useful insights on improving the efficiency of the DR strategy.With the achievement of efficient and intelligent energy management,the proposed method also promotes the realization of China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.
