The similarities of the non-linear chemical （NLC） fingerprints of Radix Glycyrrhizaes from four producing areas and eight other traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） were calculated, using a systemic similarity cal...The similarities of the non-linear chemical （NLC） fingerprints of Radix Glycyrrhizaes from four producing areas and eight other traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） were calculated, using a systemic similarity calculation method proposed and three other main calculation ones （Euclidean distance, correlation coefficient and included angle cosine）. All of the correlation coefficient similarities of different TCMs are higher than 0.952, and the included angle cosines are all higher than 0.962. So, both the conelation coefficient and included angle cosine similarities are unable to be used as the criteria for quantitatively evaluating the similarities of NLC fingerprints of TCMs. Although all of the Euclidean distance similarities of Berry Liquorices from four producing areas are less than 73, those of the other eight TCMs are all more than 180. The Euclidean distance cannot reflect the relative magnitudes of the feature differences in the NLC fingerprints very correctly. The systemic similarity method is the best among the four ones. All of the systemic similarities of Berry Liquorices from the four producing areas are higher than 0.962, while those of the other eight TCMs are all lower than 0.805, and the systemic similarity can reflect the differences between samples most faithfully, and can be used as a quantitative one evaluating the similarities of NLC fingerprints of TCMs, by which TCM could be distinguished and evaluated quickly, simply and exactly.展开更多
This paper is the analysis of the main body, the object and their relationship concerning research of traditional Chinese medicine. The result proved that the main body of research of traditional Chinese medicine is r...This paper is the analysis of the main body, the object and their relationship concerning research of traditional Chinese medicine. The result proved that the main body of research of traditional Chinese medicine is researchers who possessed the fundamentals of traditional Chinese medicine. It is the objects of research of traditional Chinese medicine that origin of a class of traditional Chinese medical literature consisting of herbals which focus on descriptions of individual drugs; the relationship of the technological process of preparing Chinese medicine, as by parching, roasting, baking, steaming, soaking, and simmering, etc.;and technology of separating, extracting and purifying for composition; traditional Chinese medicine dynamics of one of the 12 two-hour periods into which the day was formerly divided before the introduction of western chronology; compatibility of medicines in active compositions; patent, effectiveness for a given period of time and constantly changing of traditional Chinese medicine.The relationship between the main body and the objects was that the former depends on the latter ones and the main body has subjective initiative as fully as possible.展开更多
In order to investigate the mechanism of action of immunoenhancer, the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine immunopromoter on the quantity and the transformation rates of T lymphocytes in the chicken blood were...In order to investigate the mechanism of action of immunoenhancer, the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine immunopromoter on the quantity and the transformation rates of T lymphocytes in the chicken blood were determined. Total 120 chickens were randomly assigned into three groups. The 1% and the 0.5% of the Chinese medicine immunopromoter were added to the chicken drinking water, respectively. The quantity of T lymphocytes in each group was measured by a-Naphthyl acetate esterase （ANAE） staining. The results showed that the percentages of T lymphocytes of the treatment groups were significantly higher than that of the control group （P〈0.05）, and the percentage of the 1% group significantly higher than that of the 0.5% group （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, the transformation rates of T lymphocytes showed that the Chinese medicine immunopromoter had the significant enhancing effect on the transformation rates of T lymphocytes of the treated chickens. The traditional Chinese medicine immunopromoter had the distinct function to promote the quantity and the transformation rate of T lymphocytes.展开更多
The influence factors treating wastewater of Chinese traditional medicine extraction by photosynthetic bacteria are tested and discussed. The results indicate that the method of photosynthetic bacteria can eliminate C...The influence factors treating wastewater of Chinese traditional medicine extraction by photosynthetic bacteria are tested and discussed. The results indicate that the method of photosynthetic bacteria can eliminate COD and BOD from wastewater in high efficiency. And it also has high load shock resistance. On the conditions of slight aerobic and semi-darkness, treating wastewater of Chinese traditional medicine extraction, the method has better efficiency to eliminate COD and BOD from the wastewater than those by anaerobic illumination and aerobic darkness treatments. After pretreatment of hydrolytic acidization, the removal rate of COD in the wastewater reached more than 85 %, and that rate of BOD reached more than 90% in the treating system of photosynthetic bacteria. It may be more feasible and advantageous than traditional anaerobic biological process to treat organic wastewater using PSB system.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder(MDD) is a highly heterogeneous mental illness.Further classification may help characterize its heterogeneity.The purpose of this study was to examine metabolomic and brain connectom...OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder(MDD) is a highly heterogeneous mental illness.Further classification may help characterize its heterogeneity.The purpose of this study was to examine metabolomic and brain connectomic associations with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) diagnostic classification of MDD.METHODS Fifty unmedicated depressed patients were classified into Liver Qi Stagnation(LQS,n=30) and Heart and Spleen Deficiency(HSD,n=20) subtypes according to TCM diagnosis.Healthy volunteers(n=28) were included as controls.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and diffusion tensor imaging were used to detect serum and urinary metabolomic profiles and whole-brain white matter connectivity,respectively.RESULTS In metabolomic analysis,28 metabolites were identified for good separations between TCM subtypes and healthy controls in serum and urine samples.While both TCM subtypes had similar profiles in proteinogenic branched-chain amino acids and energy metabolism-related metabolites that were differentiated from healthy controls,the LQS subtype additionally differed from healthy controls in multiple amino acid metabolites that are involved in the biosynthesis of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters.Several metabolites are differentially associated with the two subtypes.In connectomic analysis,The LQS subtype showed significant differences in multiple network metrics of the angular gyrus,middle occipital gyrus,calcarine sulcus,and Heschl′ s gyrus when compared to the other two groups.The HSD subtype had markedly greater regional connectivity of the insula,parahippocampal gyrus,and posterior cingulate gyrus than the other two groups,and microstructural abnormalities of the frontal medial orbital gyrus and middle temporal pole.The insular betweenness centrality was strongly inversely correlated with the severity of depression and dichotomized the two subtypes at the optimal cutoff value with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.CONCLUSION The LQS subtype may represent an MDD subpopulation mainly characterized by abnormalities in the biosynthesis of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters,closer associations with stress-related pathophysiology,and aberrant connectivity of the audiovisual perception-related temporal-occipital network,whereas the HSD subtype is more closely associated with hyperconnectivity and microstructural abnormalities of the limbicparalimbic network.Certain metabolomic and connectomic variables are potential biomarkers for TCM diagnostic subtypes which is perhaps an alternative classification for depressive disorders.展开更多
The treatment and signaling pathway regulation effects of kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine on osteoporosis have been widely studied,but without a systematic summary currently.This review comprehensively c...The treatment and signaling pathway regulation effects of kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine on osteoporosis have been widely studied,but without a systematic summary currently.This review comprehensively collected and analyzed the traditional Chinese medicine on the treatment and signaling pathway regulation of osteoporosis in recent ten years,such as Epimedium,Drynariae Rhizoma,Cnidium,Eucommia,Psoralen and Dipsacus.Based on the existing findings,we concluded the following conclusions:(1)kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine treats osteoporosis mainly through BMP-Smads,Wnt/β-catenin,MAPK,PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote osteoblast bone formation and through OPG/RANKL/RANK,estrogen,CTSK signaling pathway to inhibit osteoclasts of bone resorption.(1)Epimedium,Drynariae Rhizoma,Cnidium and Psoralen up-regulate the key proteins and genes of BMP-Smads and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways to promote bone formation.(2)Epimedium,Drynariae Rhizoma,Cnidium,Eucommia,Psoralen,Dipsacusinhibit the bone resorption by mediating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway.(2)Kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine prevent and treat osteoporosis through a variety of ways:Icariin,Naringin,Osthol,Psoralen can regulate BMP-Smads,Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote bone formation,but also activate OPG/RANKL/RANK,CTSK and other signaling pathway to inhibit bone resorption.(3)The crosstalk of the signaling pathways and the animal experiments of the traditional Chinese medicine on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis as well as their multi-target mechanism and comprehensive regulation need further clarification.展开更多
Since the diccovery of neural stem cells(NSCs)in the embryonic and adult mammalian central nerous system,it provided novel ideas forneurogenesis as the potential of proliferation and differentiation of NSCs.One of the...Since the diccovery of neural stem cells(NSCs)in the embryonic and adult mammalian central nerous system,it provided novel ideas forneurogenesis as the potential of proliferation and differentiation of NSCs.One of the ways to promote the clinical application of neural stem cells(NSCs)is searching effective methods which regulate the proliferation and differentiation.This is also a problem urgently to be solved in medical field.Plenty of earlier studies have shown that traditional chinese medicine can promote the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs by regulating the related signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.The reports of Chinese and foreign literatures on regulating the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in recent ten years and their target and signaling pathways is analyzed in this review.The traditional chinese medicine regulate proliferation and differentiation of NSCs by the signaling pathways of Notch,PI3K/Akt,Wnt/β-catenin,and GFs.And,those signaling pathways have cross-talk in the regulation progress.Moreover,some traditional Chinese medicine,such as astragalus,has a variety of active ingredients to regulate proliferation and differentiation of NSCs through different signaling pathways.However,to accelerate the clinical application of neural stem cells,the studies aboutthe proliferation and differentiation of NSCs and Chinese medicine should be further deepened,the mechanism of multiple targets and the comprehensive regulation function of traditional Chinese medicine should be clarified.展开更多
This paper discussed how to protect and control the quality of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources in nature reserves by taking Longyuwan National Forest Park within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve as an example. Thr...This paper discussed how to protect and control the quality of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources in nature reserves by taking Longyuwan National Forest Park within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve as an example. Through the combination of three methods including literature review, visiting and investigational studies, and field surveys, the data of investigation, collection and collation were analyzed. According to data of surveys, collection and collation, problems related to the protection of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources faced by Longyuwan Scenic Spot within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve were also analyzed and protection strategies and quality control of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources in this nature reserve were discussed. It was expected that the results would provide important scientific references for the sustainable development, protection and quality control of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources within nature reserves.展开更多
Approached the mechanism in the treatment of hysteromyoma with TCM,from the change in the form of uterus before and after medication,the change of estrogen and progesterone and their recepter,effect of blood rheology,...Approached the mechanism in the treatment of hysteromyoma with TCM,from the change in the form of uterus before and after medication,the change of estrogen and progesterone and their recepter,effect of blood rheology,regilation of immurological function,effect of cell apoptosis and regulatory factor.And also made simple prospects in the further research.展开更多
"Herb-Pairs",also known as pair drugs,refers to a prescription consisted of two relatively fixed traditional Chinese medicine,is the most basic,most simple and most common form of medication prescription in ..."Herb-Pairs",also known as pair drugs,refers to a prescription consisted of two relatively fixed traditional Chinese medicine,is the most basic,most simple and most common form of medication prescription in traditional Chinese medicine compound compatibility.It is not a random combination of two herbs,nor is the simple accumulation of efficacy,but the simple and delicate experience of ancient Chinese medicine practitioners.As a bridge between single drug and prescriptions,it is the embodiment of the regular and dialectical connotation.Therefore,research on Herb-Pairs has always been the most basic and most important entry point for compound compatibility studies.However,the interaction between herbs and herbs is an effect with a downside as well as benefits.The beneficial herb-herb interaction in Herb-Pairs include mutual promotion,mutual enhancement,mutual restraint between two drugs and counteract toxicity of another drug.And the harmful herb-herb interaction in Herb-Pairs includes mutual inhibition and antagonism.Al of these interactions areby means of affecting the metabolism of components to play a therapeutic effect.Using the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic(PK-PD)binding model,the combination of drug metabolism and pharmacodynamics can further elucidate the influence on effect caused by drug concentration and metabolism,which can help elucidate the mechanism of drug action.Consequently,in this review,the herb-herb interactions in terms of pharmacokinetic were summarized to elucidate rule of TCM compatibility.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Our previous studies demonstrated that various ingredients from the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,as exemplified by cryptotanshinone and salvianol...OBJECTIVE Our previous studies demonstrated that various ingredients from the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,as exemplified by cryptotanshinone and salvianolic acid B,exerted striking effects on modulating angiogenesis and vascular permeability,which suggests that they may be effective in treating vascular leak-driven diseases(e.g.tumor,cerebral cavernous malformation and diabetic retinopathy).However,the lack of reliable and advanced technologies and models sets up difficult hurdles for better understanding the role of TCM for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.To this end,this study is to outline numerous cutting-edge platforms that can be utilized for exploring the function of TCM for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in vascular leak-driven diseases.METHODS Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the interactions between neutrophils and blood vessels in a real-time manner.Dynamic flow system was employed to mimic the in vivo behaviors of neutrophils.RIP1-Tag5 spontaneous pancreatic cancer model was used to study the function of tumor blood vessels.CCM2ECKO(deletion of CCM2 in endothelial cells)mice were employed to establish the cerebral cavernous malformation(CCM)animal model.Micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)was utilized to assess the CCM lesion.Müller cell-knockout mouse model was used to study the progression of diabetic retinopathy.Vascular permeability in this model was assessed by fluorescein angiography.RESULTS The interactions between neutrophils and endothelial cells involve a series of complicated processes,including rolling,adhesion,intraluminal crawling and transmigration,which were all monitored in vivo by two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy in a real-time manner.Dynamic flow system was capable of recapitulating the biological behaviors of neutrophils in vitro.Tumor vascular function in particular vascular perfusion could be assessed in the RIP1-Tag5 spontaneous pancreatic cancer model.In terms of CCM studies,specific deletion of CCM2 in endothelial cells resulted in the initiation of CCM lesion.The size and number of CCM lesions could be visualized and quantified by micro-CT.Furthermore,the Müller cell-knockout mouse model was able to precisely reflect the clinical symptoms of diabetic retinopathy.Vascular leak could be monitored at different time points using fluorescein angiography.CONCLUSION An array of high technologies and animal models can be used in investigating the occurrence and progression of multiple vascular leak-driven diseases.The pre-clinical and clinical studies of TCM for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis provide fundamental support for the application of the above-mentioned platforms,with the purpose of uncovering the scientific basis of TCM for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.展开更多
Most medicines used in the ancient people were the natural raw products,and most of them were discovered during the life.As the differences of the geography,climate and living habits among the different regions,variou...Most medicines used in the ancient people were the natural raw products,and most of them were discovered during the life.As the differences of the geography,climate and living habits among the different regions,various medicines were used for treatment of diseases in local people.The communication of medicines made a lot of benefits for people living in different regions.Communication of medicines promote the application of medicines and natural resources.As early as 2000 year ago,the ancient Chinese people had sent a lot of medicines to many countries among the Belt and Road during their visiting to these countries.The medicines were the main contents for communication besides of the silk and porcelain.These medicines has been used for treatment of diseases for local people till now.On the Belt and Road,many spices,fruits,seeds produced in different regions were spread among the countries.Most of them were planted and produced in China.But the important events were the application of these special products,such as spices,fruits and seeds used as medicines under the guidance of traditional Chinese medical theory.These drugs have played major roles in the treatment of diseases and development of traditional Chinese medicine.Communication of the medicines,including the medical theory and drugs,improved the medical standards in China.For example,ancient Persian medicine had a significant impact on the use of traditional Chinese medicine in the prescription application.And also,the medicines made important contributions to the health of people in the countries on the Belt and Road.Now,the science and techniques have been developed.Many principles and understandings are different from the ancient people.However,the medicines developed in the countries on the Belt and Road still used for the health of human beings.To research the ancient medicines by the modern techniques and through co-operation will greatly contribute to human healthand promote the social progress and economic development of the countries on the Belt and Road.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety on TCHMs that are used for vascular dementia(VaD).METHODS To identify studies for systematical review,electronic searches were performed through seve...OBJECTIVE To systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety on TCHMs that are used for vascular dementia(VaD).METHODS To identify studies for systematical review,electronic searches were performed through several databases-ALOIS,CNKI,CBM,Weipu,Wanfang,etc.Only randomized control trials(RCTs)or controlled clinical trials(CCTs)were included.Patients were diagnosed with VaD by diagnostic criteria(DSM,NINDS-AIREN,ICD or HIS)as well as imaging technique(CT,MRI or functional imaging,etc).Eligible TCHMs must be recognized in the Chinese Pharmacopeia or the National Essential Drug List of the People′s Republic of China.Included studies were appraised using the Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias criteria.Efficacy and safety outcomes were evaluated by meta-analysis.Efficacy outcomes include cognition,daily function,global performance and behaviour;safety was assessed by the number of adverse events and number of subjects experiencing adverse events.Assessment of heterogeneity,subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed.RESULTS A total of 46 trials on 29TCHMs(3522patients)were included.45 studies were RCTs and 1was CCT.In these 45 RCTs,only 2were appraised as adequately randomised.5of 46 trials were appraised as having low risk of bias in blinding.Sample sizes were generally small ranging from 26 to 216with a median of 68.All trials were conducted in China from 1997 to 2013.All 46 studies assessed cognition using one or a combination of the following scales:MMSE(n=40 studies;3096 patients),HDS(n=22;1664 patients),ADAS-Cog(n=4;241 patients),CDT(n=1;60patients)and CCSE(n=1;26patients).Half of the studies assessed daily function using either the ADL(n=22;1743 patients)or IADL(n=2;203patients).Only 6studies measured behaviour using the FAQ(n=3;226 subjects),BBS(n=1;48patients),NPI(n=1;100subjects)or Neurological Deficits Function Scale(n=1;91patients).30 studies measured global performance.31 of 46 studies made conclusions regarding the safety of the TCHMs.Despite the problems of methodology and reporting,we can identify three TCHMs-NaoXinTong,Shenfu and Tongxinluo as having relatively stronger evidence of efficacy.There is weak evidence for the safety of TCHMs for VaD.CONCLUSION There is weak evidence for the efficacy and safety of TCHMs for VaD because of the poor methodology,short duration of follow-up and inadequate reporting.However the agents appear to be relatively free of severe short-term AEs,hence we encourage further better designed and reported trials.展开更多
Chinese medicine is one of the treasures of Chinese intellectual contributions to mankind.The character⁃istics that distinguish Chinese medicine from conventional Western medicine find its roots in the philosophical(D...Chinese medicine is one of the treasures of Chinese intellectual contributions to mankind.The character⁃istics that distinguish Chinese medicine from conventional Western medicine find its roots in the philosophical(Daoism)concepts of organizing principles to understand the body,health and disease.Key for worldwide acceptance of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is the ability to provide scientific evidence in combination with a quality control system based on the bioactive ingredients.Plant quality in relationship to a bioactivity approach is described that is comprised of a variety of novel approaches based on Systems Biology to tackle these issues.Modern scientific technology tools are now avail⁃able to accomplish standardization of TCM products in order to achieve a high level of efficacy and safety,enhancing the introduction into the international markets.The complexity of the many ingredients and the aspect of synergistic bioactivi⁃ties in TCM,limited the analysis for quality control so far only to the major components for each herb and did not provide evidence for a direct relationship with bioactive components.The systems Biology approach,a multi dimensional chemical and pharmacological approach enables linking of the complex metabolic profile of herbs with biological effects and is therefore a key for quality control of TCM material medica,while providing simultaneous scientific evidence for the under⁃lying efficacy and worldwide acceptance of TCM products.Furthermore,a concept of a business gateway comprising several key steps to unlock the business potential of TCM on Western markets will be presented,including the role of European pharmacopeia as well as community mono⁃graphs of the European Medicinal Agency.展开更多
基金Project(2009GJD20033) supported by the National Science and Technology Ministry of China
文摘The similarities of the non-linear chemical （NLC） fingerprints of Radix Glycyrrhizaes from four producing areas and eight other traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） were calculated, using a systemic similarity calculation method proposed and three other main calculation ones （Euclidean distance, correlation coefficient and included angle cosine）. All of the correlation coefficient similarities of different TCMs are higher than 0.952, and the included angle cosines are all higher than 0.962. So, both the conelation coefficient and included angle cosine similarities are unable to be used as the criteria for quantitatively evaluating the similarities of NLC fingerprints of TCMs. Although all of the Euclidean distance similarities of Berry Liquorices from four producing areas are less than 73, those of the other eight TCMs are all more than 180. The Euclidean distance cannot reflect the relative magnitudes of the feature differences in the NLC fingerprints very correctly. The systemic similarity method is the best among the four ones. All of the systemic similarities of Berry Liquorices from the four producing areas are higher than 0.962, while those of the other eight TCMs are all lower than 0.805, and the systemic similarity can reflect the differences between samples most faithfully, and can be used as a quantitative one evaluating the similarities of NLC fingerprints of TCMs, by which TCM could be distinguished and evaluated quickly, simply and exactly.
文摘This paper is the analysis of the main body, the object and their relationship concerning research of traditional Chinese medicine. The result proved that the main body of research of traditional Chinese medicine is researchers who possessed the fundamentals of traditional Chinese medicine. It is the objects of research of traditional Chinese medicine that origin of a class of traditional Chinese medical literature consisting of herbals which focus on descriptions of individual drugs; the relationship of the technological process of preparing Chinese medicine, as by parching, roasting, baking, steaming, soaking, and simmering, etc.;and technology of separating, extracting and purifying for composition; traditional Chinese medicine dynamics of one of the 12 two-hour periods into which the day was formerly divided before the introduction of western chronology; compatibility of medicines in active compositions; patent, effectiveness for a given period of time and constantly changing of traditional Chinese medicine.The relationship between the main body and the objects was that the former depends on the latter ones and the main body has subjective initiative as fully as possible.
基金Hebei Science and Technology Office Programme (07220401D)Guangdong Science and Technology Office Programme (2006B203010 1020)
文摘In order to investigate the mechanism of action of immunoenhancer, the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine immunopromoter on the quantity and the transformation rates of T lymphocytes in the chicken blood were determined. Total 120 chickens were randomly assigned into three groups. The 1% and the 0.5% of the Chinese medicine immunopromoter were added to the chicken drinking water, respectively. The quantity of T lymphocytes in each group was measured by a-Naphthyl acetate esterase （ANAE） staining. The results showed that the percentages of T lymphocytes of the treatment groups were significantly higher than that of the control group （P〈0.05）, and the percentage of the 1% group significantly higher than that of the 0.5% group （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, the transformation rates of T lymphocytes showed that the Chinese medicine immunopromoter had the significant enhancing effect on the transformation rates of T lymphocytes of the treated chickens. The traditional Chinese medicine immunopromoter had the distinct function to promote the quantity and the transformation rate of T lymphocytes.
基金Tackle Key Problems in Science and Technology of Heilongjiang Province.
文摘The influence factors treating wastewater of Chinese traditional medicine extraction by photosynthetic bacteria are tested and discussed. The results indicate that the method of photosynthetic bacteria can eliminate COD and BOD from wastewater in high efficiency. And it also has high load shock resistance. On the conditions of slight aerobic and semi-darkness, treating wastewater of Chinese traditional medicine extraction, the method has better efficiency to eliminate COD and BOD from the wastewater than those by anaerobic illumination and aerobic darkness treatments. After pretreatment of hydrolytic acidization, the removal rate of COD in the wastewater reached more than 85 %, and that rate of BOD reached more than 90% in the treating system of photosynthetic bacteria. It may be more feasible and advantageous than traditional anaerobic biological process to treat organic wastewater using PSB system.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81403502)General Research Fund ofResearch Grants Council of Hong Kong (17124418).
文摘OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder(MDD) is a highly heterogeneous mental illness.Further classification may help characterize its heterogeneity.The purpose of this study was to examine metabolomic and brain connectomic associations with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) diagnostic classification of MDD.METHODS Fifty unmedicated depressed patients were classified into Liver Qi Stagnation(LQS,n=30) and Heart and Spleen Deficiency(HSD,n=20) subtypes according to TCM diagnosis.Healthy volunteers(n=28) were included as controls.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and diffusion tensor imaging were used to detect serum and urinary metabolomic profiles and whole-brain white matter connectivity,respectively.RESULTS In metabolomic analysis,28 metabolites were identified for good separations between TCM subtypes and healthy controls in serum and urine samples.While both TCM subtypes had similar profiles in proteinogenic branched-chain amino acids and energy metabolism-related metabolites that were differentiated from healthy controls,the LQS subtype additionally differed from healthy controls in multiple amino acid metabolites that are involved in the biosynthesis of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters.Several metabolites are differentially associated with the two subtypes.In connectomic analysis,The LQS subtype showed significant differences in multiple network metrics of the angular gyrus,middle occipital gyrus,calcarine sulcus,and Heschl′ s gyrus when compared to the other two groups.The HSD subtype had markedly greater regional connectivity of the insula,parahippocampal gyrus,and posterior cingulate gyrus than the other two groups,and microstructural abnormalities of the frontal medial orbital gyrus and middle temporal pole.The insular betweenness centrality was strongly inversely correlated with the severity of depression and dichotomized the two subtypes at the optimal cutoff value with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.CONCLUSION The LQS subtype may represent an MDD subpopulation mainly characterized by abnormalities in the biosynthesis of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters,closer associations with stress-related pathophysiology,and aberrant connectivity of the audiovisual perception-related temporal-occipital network,whereas the HSD subtype is more closely associated with hyperconnectivity and microstructural abnormalities of the limbicparalimbic network.Certain metabolomic and connectomic variables are potential biomarkers for TCM diagnostic subtypes which is perhaps an alternative classification for depressive disorders.
文摘The treatment and signaling pathway regulation effects of kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine on osteoporosis have been widely studied,but without a systematic summary currently.This review comprehensively collected and analyzed the traditional Chinese medicine on the treatment and signaling pathway regulation of osteoporosis in recent ten years,such as Epimedium,Drynariae Rhizoma,Cnidium,Eucommia,Psoralen and Dipsacus.Based on the existing findings,we concluded the following conclusions:(1)kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine treats osteoporosis mainly through BMP-Smads,Wnt/β-catenin,MAPK,PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote osteoblast bone formation and through OPG/RANKL/RANK,estrogen,CTSK signaling pathway to inhibit osteoclasts of bone resorption.(1)Epimedium,Drynariae Rhizoma,Cnidium and Psoralen up-regulate the key proteins and genes of BMP-Smads and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways to promote bone formation.(2)Epimedium,Drynariae Rhizoma,Cnidium,Eucommia,Psoralen,Dipsacusinhibit the bone resorption by mediating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway.(2)Kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine prevent and treat osteoporosis through a variety of ways:Icariin,Naringin,Osthol,Psoralen can regulate BMP-Smads,Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote bone formation,but also activate OPG/RANKL/RANK,CTSK and other signaling pathway to inhibit bone resorption.(3)The crosstalk of the signaling pathways and the animal experiments of the traditional Chinese medicine on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis as well as their multi-target mechanism and comprehensive regulation need further clarification.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473549)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(XDJK2017E158)
文摘Since the diccovery of neural stem cells(NSCs)in the embryonic and adult mammalian central nerous system,it provided novel ideas forneurogenesis as the potential of proliferation and differentiation of NSCs.One of the ways to promote the clinical application of neural stem cells(NSCs)is searching effective methods which regulate the proliferation and differentiation.This is also a problem urgently to be solved in medical field.Plenty of earlier studies have shown that traditional chinese medicine can promote the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs by regulating the related signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.The reports of Chinese and foreign literatures on regulating the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in recent ten years and their target and signaling pathways is analyzed in this review.The traditional chinese medicine regulate proliferation and differentiation of NSCs by the signaling pathways of Notch,PI3K/Akt,Wnt/β-catenin,and GFs.And,those signaling pathways have cross-talk in the regulation progress.Moreover,some traditional Chinese medicine,such as astragalus,has a variety of active ingredients to regulate proliferation and differentiation of NSCs through different signaling pathways.However,to accelerate the clinical application of neural stem cells,the studies aboutthe proliferation and differentiation of NSCs and Chinese medicine should be further deepened,the mechanism of multiple targets and the comprehensive regulation function of traditional Chinese medicine should be clarified.
基金Supported by Funding from the State Nationalities Affairs Commission(2015-GM-178)National Training Programs of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(GCYS2016110001)
文摘This paper discussed how to protect and control the quality of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources in nature reserves by taking Longyuwan National Forest Park within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve as an example. Through the combination of three methods including literature review, visiting and investigational studies, and field surveys, the data of investigation, collection and collation were analyzed. According to data of surveys, collection and collation, problems related to the protection of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources faced by Longyuwan Scenic Spot within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve were also analyzed and protection strategies and quality control of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources in this nature reserve were discussed. It was expected that the results would provide important scientific references for the sustainable development, protection and quality control of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources within nature reserves.
文摘Approached the mechanism in the treatment of hysteromyoma with TCM,from the change in the form of uterus before and after medication,the change of estrogen and progesterone and their recepter,effect of blood rheology,regilation of immurological function,effect of cell apoptosis and regulatory factor.And also made simple prospects in the further research.
文摘"Herb-Pairs",also known as pair drugs,refers to a prescription consisted of two relatively fixed traditional Chinese medicine,is the most basic,most simple and most common form of medication prescription in traditional Chinese medicine compound compatibility.It is not a random combination of two herbs,nor is the simple accumulation of efficacy,but the simple and delicate experience of ancient Chinese medicine practitioners.As a bridge between single drug and prescriptions,it is the embodiment of the regular and dialectical connotation.Therefore,research on Herb-Pairs has always been the most basic and most important entry point for compound compatibility studies.However,the interaction between herbs and herbs is an effect with a downside as well as benefits.The beneficial herb-herb interaction in Herb-Pairs include mutual promotion,mutual enhancement,mutual restraint between two drugs and counteract toxicity of another drug.And the harmful herb-herb interaction in Herb-Pairs includes mutual inhibition and antagonism.Al of these interactions areby means of affecting the metabolism of components to play a therapeutic effect.Using the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic(PK-PD)binding model,the combination of drug metabolism and pharmacodynamics can further elucidate the influence on effect caused by drug concentration and metabolism,which can help elucidate the mechanism of drug action.Consequently,in this review,the herb-herb interactions in terms of pharmacokinetic were summarized to elucidate rule of TCM compatibility.
文摘OBJECTIVE Our previous studies demonstrated that various ingredients from the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,as exemplified by cryptotanshinone and salvianolic acid B,exerted striking effects on modulating angiogenesis and vascular permeability,which suggests that they may be effective in treating vascular leak-driven diseases(e.g.tumor,cerebral cavernous malformation and diabetic retinopathy).However,the lack of reliable and advanced technologies and models sets up difficult hurdles for better understanding the role of TCM for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.To this end,this study is to outline numerous cutting-edge platforms that can be utilized for exploring the function of TCM for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in vascular leak-driven diseases.METHODS Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the interactions between neutrophils and blood vessels in a real-time manner.Dynamic flow system was employed to mimic the in vivo behaviors of neutrophils.RIP1-Tag5 spontaneous pancreatic cancer model was used to study the function of tumor blood vessels.CCM2ECKO(deletion of CCM2 in endothelial cells)mice were employed to establish the cerebral cavernous malformation(CCM)animal model.Micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)was utilized to assess the CCM lesion.Müller cell-knockout mouse model was used to study the progression of diabetic retinopathy.Vascular permeability in this model was assessed by fluorescein angiography.RESULTS The interactions between neutrophils and endothelial cells involve a series of complicated processes,including rolling,adhesion,intraluminal crawling and transmigration,which were all monitored in vivo by two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy in a real-time manner.Dynamic flow system was capable of recapitulating the biological behaviors of neutrophils in vitro.Tumor vascular function in particular vascular perfusion could be assessed in the RIP1-Tag5 spontaneous pancreatic cancer model.In terms of CCM studies,specific deletion of CCM2 in endothelial cells resulted in the initiation of CCM lesion.The size and number of CCM lesions could be visualized and quantified by micro-CT.Furthermore,the Müller cell-knockout mouse model was able to precisely reflect the clinical symptoms of diabetic retinopathy.Vascular leak could be monitored at different time points using fluorescein angiography.CONCLUSION An array of high technologies and animal models can be used in investigating the occurrence and progression of multiple vascular leak-driven diseases.The pre-clinical and clinical studies of TCM for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis provide fundamental support for the application of the above-mentioned platforms,with the purpose of uncovering the scientific basis of TCM for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.
基金supported by China Association for Science and Technology Project ＂Incubation of Exemplary Scientific Conferences＂ the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for Significant New Drugs Development
文摘Most medicines used in the ancient people were the natural raw products,and most of them were discovered during the life.As the differences of the geography,climate and living habits among the different regions,various medicines were used for treatment of diseases in local people.The communication of medicines made a lot of benefits for people living in different regions.Communication of medicines promote the application of medicines and natural resources.As early as 2000 year ago,the ancient Chinese people had sent a lot of medicines to many countries among the Belt and Road during their visiting to these countries.The medicines were the main contents for communication besides of the silk and porcelain.These medicines has been used for treatment of diseases for local people till now.On the Belt and Road,many spices,fruits,seeds produced in different regions were spread among the countries.Most of them were planted and produced in China.But the important events were the application of these special products,such as spices,fruits and seeds used as medicines under the guidance of traditional Chinese medical theory.These drugs have played major roles in the treatment of diseases and development of traditional Chinese medicine.Communication of the medicines,including the medical theory and drugs,improved the medical standards in China.For example,ancient Persian medicine had a significant impact on the use of traditional Chinese medicine in the prescription application.And also,the medicines made important contributions to the health of people in the countries on the Belt and Road.Now,the science and techniques have been developed.Many principles and understandings are different from the ancient people.However,the medicines developed in the countries on the Belt and Road still used for the health of human beings.To research the ancient medicines by the modern techniques and through co-operation will greatly contribute to human healthand promote the social progress and economic development of the countries on the Belt and Road.
文摘OBJECTIVE To systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety on TCHMs that are used for vascular dementia(VaD).METHODS To identify studies for systematical review,electronic searches were performed through several databases-ALOIS,CNKI,CBM,Weipu,Wanfang,etc.Only randomized control trials(RCTs)or controlled clinical trials(CCTs)were included.Patients were diagnosed with VaD by diagnostic criteria(DSM,NINDS-AIREN,ICD or HIS)as well as imaging technique(CT,MRI or functional imaging,etc).Eligible TCHMs must be recognized in the Chinese Pharmacopeia or the National Essential Drug List of the People′s Republic of China.Included studies were appraised using the Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias criteria.Efficacy and safety outcomes were evaluated by meta-analysis.Efficacy outcomes include cognition,daily function,global performance and behaviour;safety was assessed by the number of adverse events and number of subjects experiencing adverse events.Assessment of heterogeneity,subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed.RESULTS A total of 46 trials on 29TCHMs(3522patients)were included.45 studies were RCTs and 1was CCT.In these 45 RCTs,only 2were appraised as adequately randomised.5of 46 trials were appraised as having low risk of bias in blinding.Sample sizes were generally small ranging from 26 to 216with a median of 68.All trials were conducted in China from 1997 to 2013.All 46 studies assessed cognition using one or a combination of the following scales:MMSE(n=40 studies;3096 patients),HDS(n=22;1664 patients),ADAS-Cog(n=4;241 patients),CDT(n=1;60patients)and CCSE(n=1;26patients).Half of the studies assessed daily function using either the ADL(n=22;1743 patients)or IADL(n=2;203patients).Only 6studies measured behaviour using the FAQ(n=3;226 subjects),BBS(n=1;48patients),NPI(n=1;100subjects)or Neurological Deficits Function Scale(n=1;91patients).30 studies measured global performance.31 of 46 studies made conclusions regarding the safety of the TCHMs.Despite the problems of methodology and reporting,we can identify three TCHMs-NaoXinTong,Shenfu and Tongxinluo as having relatively stronger evidence of efficacy.There is weak evidence for the safety of TCHMs for VaD.CONCLUSION There is weak evidence for the efficacy and safety of TCHMs for VaD because of the poor methodology,short duration of follow-up and inadequate reporting.However the agents appear to be relatively free of severe short-term AEs,hence we encourage further better designed and reported trials.
文摘Chinese medicine is one of the treasures of Chinese intellectual contributions to mankind.The character⁃istics that distinguish Chinese medicine from conventional Western medicine find its roots in the philosophical(Daoism)concepts of organizing principles to understand the body,health and disease.Key for worldwide acceptance of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is the ability to provide scientific evidence in combination with a quality control system based on the bioactive ingredients.Plant quality in relationship to a bioactivity approach is described that is comprised of a variety of novel approaches based on Systems Biology to tackle these issues.Modern scientific technology tools are now avail⁃able to accomplish standardization of TCM products in order to achieve a high level of efficacy and safety,enhancing the introduction into the international markets.The complexity of the many ingredients and the aspect of synergistic bioactivi⁃ties in TCM,limited the analysis for quality control so far only to the major components for each herb and did not provide evidence for a direct relationship with bioactive components.The systems Biology approach,a multi dimensional chemical and pharmacological approach enables linking of the complex metabolic profile of herbs with biological effects and is therefore a key for quality control of TCM material medica,while providing simultaneous scientific evidence for the under⁃lying efficacy and worldwide acceptance of TCM products.Furthermore,a concept of a business gateway comprising several key steps to unlock the business potential of TCM on Western markets will be presented,including the role of European pharmacopeia as well as community mono⁃graphs of the European Medicinal Agency.
