Online accurate recognition of target tactical intention in beyond-visual-range (BVR) air combat is an important basis for deep situational awareness and autonomous air combat decision-making, which can create pre-emp...Online accurate recognition of target tactical intention in beyond-visual-range (BVR) air combat is an important basis for deep situational awareness and autonomous air combat decision-making, which can create pre-emptive tactical opportunities for the fighter to gain air superiority. The existing methods to solve this problem have some defects such as dependence on empirical knowledge, difficulty in interpreting the recognition results, and inability to meet the requirements of actual air combat. So an online hierarchical recognition method for target tactical intention in BVR air combat based on cascaded support vector machine (CSVM) is proposed in this study. Through the mechanism analysis of BVR air combat, the instantaneous and cumulative feature information of target trajectory and relative situation information are introduced successively using online automatic decomposition of target trajectory and hierarchical progression. Then the hierarchical recognition model from target maneuver element, tactical maneuver to tactical intention is constructed. The CSVM algorithm is designed for solving this model, and the computational complexity is decomposed by the cascaded structure to overcome the problems of convergence and timeliness when the dimensions and number of training samples are large. Meanwhile, the recognition result of each layer can be used to support the composition analysis and interpretation of target tactical intention. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively realize multi-dimensional online accurate recognition of target tactical intention in BVR air combat.展开更多
According to the requirements of the live-virtual-constructive(LVC)tactical confrontation(TC)on the virtual entity(VE)decision model of graded combat capability,diversified actions,real-time decision-making,and genera...According to the requirements of the live-virtual-constructive(LVC)tactical confrontation(TC)on the virtual entity(VE)decision model of graded combat capability,diversified actions,real-time decision-making,and generalization for the enemy,the confrontation process is modeled as a zero-sum stochastic game(ZSG).By introducing the theory of dynamic relative power potential field,the problem of reward sparsity in the model can be solved.By reward shaping,the problem of credit assignment between agents can be solved.Based on the idea of meta-learning,an extensible multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(EMADRL)framework and solving method is proposed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of model solving.Experiments show that the model meets the requirements well and the algorithm learning efficiency is high.展开更多
Tactical mobile ad hoc network （MANET） is a collection of mobile nodes forming a temporary network, without the aid of pre-established network infrastructure. The routing protocol has a crucial impact on the network...Tactical mobile ad hoc network （MANET） is a collection of mobile nodes forming a temporary network, without the aid of pre-established network infrastructure. The routing protocol has a crucial impact on the network performance in battlefields. Link reliability based hybrid routing （LRHR） is proposed, which is a novel hybrid routing protocol, for tactical MANET. Contrary to the traditional single path routing strategy, multiple paths are established between a pair of source-destination nodes. In the hybrid routing strategy, the rate of topological change provides a natural mechanism for switching dynamically between table-driven and on-demand routing. The simulation results indicate that the performances of the protocol in packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, and average end-to-end delay are better than the conventional routing protocol.展开更多
Air-to-air combat tactical decisions for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(ACTDMU)are a key decision-making step in beyond visual range combat.Complex influencing factors,strong antagonism and real-time requirements n...Air-to-air combat tactical decisions for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(ACTDMU)are a key decision-making step in beyond visual range combat.Complex influencing factors,strong antagonism and real-time requirements need to be considered in the ACTDMU problem.In this paper,we propose a multicriteria game approach to ACTDMU.This approach consists of a multicriteria game model and a Pareto Nash equilibrium algorithm.In this model,we form the strategy profiles for the integration of air-to-air combat tactics and weapon target assignment strategies by considering the correlation between them,and we design the vector payoff functions based on predominance factors.We propose a algorithm of Pareto Nash equilibrium based on preference relations using threshold constraints(PNE-PRTC),and we prove that the solutions obtained by this algorithm are refinements of Pareto Nash equilibrium solutions.The numerical experiments indicate that PNE-PRTC algorithm is considerably faster than the baseline algorithms and the performance is better.Especially on large-scale instances,the Pareto Nash equilibrium solutions can be calculated by PNEPRTC algorithm at the second level.The simulation experiments show that the multicriteria game approach is more effective than one-side decision approaches such as multiple-attribute decision-making and randomly chosen decisions.展开更多
The evolution of airborne tactical networks(ATNs)is impeded by the network ossification problem.As a solution,network virtualization(NV)can provide a flexible and scalable architecture where virtual network embedding(...The evolution of airborne tactical networks(ATNs)is impeded by the network ossification problem.As a solution,network virtualization(NV)can provide a flexible and scalable architecture where virtual network embedding(VNE)is a key part.However,existing VNE algorithms cannot be optimally adopted in the virtualization of ATN due to the complex interference in aircombat field.In this context,a highly reliable VNE algorithm based on the transmission rate for ATN virtualization(TR-ATVNE)is proposed to adapt well to the specific electromagnetic environment of ATN.Our algorithm coordinates node and link mapping.In the node mapping,transmission-rate resource is firstly defined to effectively evaluate the ranking value of substrate nodes under the interference of both environmental noises and enemy attacks.Meanwhile,a feasible splitting rule is proposed for path splitting in the link mapping,considering the interference between wireless links.Simulation results reveal that our algorithm is able to improve the acceptance ratio of virtual network requests while maintaining a high revenue-to-cost ratio under the complex electromagnetic interference.展开更多
Relative navigation is a key feature in the joint tactical information distribution system（JTIDS）.A parametric message passing algorithm based on factor graph is proposed to perform relative navigation in JTIDS.Firs...Relative navigation is a key feature in the joint tactical information distribution system（JTIDS）.A parametric message passing algorithm based on factor graph is proposed to perform relative navigation in JTIDS.First of all,the joint posterior distribution of all the terminals＇ positions is represented by factor graph.Because of the nonlinearity between the positions and time-of-arrival（TOA） measurement,messages cannot be obtained in closed forms by directly using the sum-product algorithm on factor graph.To this end,the Euclidean norm is approximated by Taylor expansion.Then,all the messages on the factor graph can be derived in Gaussian forms,which enables the terminals to transmit means and covariances.Finally,the impact of major error sources on the navigation performance are evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations,e.g.,range measurement noise,priors of position uncertainty and velocity noise.Results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the extended Kalman filter and cooperative extended Kalman filter in both static and mobile scenarios of the JTIDS.展开更多
The damage effects of fluid-filled submunition payload impacted by the kinetic kill vehicle(KKV)are investigated by simulations and ground-based experiments.Numerical simulations showed that the damage level and numbe...The damage effects of fluid-filled submunition payload impacted by the kinetic kill vehicle(KKV)are investigated by simulations and ground-based experiments.Numerical simulations showed that the damage level and number of submunitions were significantly influenced by the diameter of the KKV compared with its length.Based on that,a high velocity penetrator formed by shaped charge explosion was used to simulate the direct hit experiment of a KKV impacting submunition payload.Experimental results demonstrated that the damage modes of submunitions mainly included the slight damage,perforation and total smash,showing a good agreement with the simulations.To understand the multiple damage modes of submunitions,the damage behavior of the submunitions in direct hit process were analyzed based on the AUTODYN-3D code.Numerical results presented that increased KKV diameter can increase the crater diameter and expand the damage volume,which will achieve a higher direct hit lethality.Further analysis indicated that there were other mechanical behaviors can enhance the damage to submunitions not lying in the KKV flight path,such as secondary debris kill,neighboring submunitions collision with each other,and high-speed fluid injection effect.展开更多
The major steps of oilfield development are given in this paper. The optimal model of oilfield development is built and the methods of optimum decision analysis are studied. The solution and analysis of the optimal ta...The major steps of oilfield development are given in this paper. The optimal model of oilfield development is built and the methods of optimum decision analysis are studied. The solution and analysis of the optimal tactics have been set up according to the data collected in the oilfield.展开更多
As the increase of the complexity of the information warfare,its intervention strategy needs to be designed in an integrated environment.However,the current research always breaks the internal relation between equipme...As the increase of the complexity of the information warfare,its intervention strategy needs to be designed in an integrated environment.However,the current research always breaks the internal relation between equipment and tactics,and it is difficult to meet the requirements of their integrated analysis.In this paper,the research status quo of the integrated analysis about equipment and tactics is discussed first,some shortages of the current methods are summarized then,and an evolvement mechanism of the integrated analysis for equipment and tactics is given finally.Based on these,a framework of integrated analysis is proposed.This method's effectiveness is validated by an example.展开更多
LAN, WAN and MIS are developing quickly in China and foreign countries nowadays.The development of IF system has went through 3 stages with 7 development processes. The higstage of information integration highway has ...LAN, WAN and MIS are developing quickly in China and foreign countries nowadays.The development of IF system has went through 3 stages with 7 development processes. The higstage of information integration highway has reached us and some other developed countries. Thecentral government, ministries and commissions in China have stated the engineering design on thissubject. China National Tobacco Import & Export Corporation (CNTIEC) brought a developmentproject forward. The general goals of this mission are: (a) to increaae the working efficiency ofCNTIEC by using modern information technology; (b) to incresdr the success rate in managementdecision making; (c) to heighten the management level to the high technology of information automation. The design should have a pod beginning and the whole design should be carried outin several steps. The management principle of information system is centsral management and distributed usage. CNTIEC's management can get a new stage by achieveng a scienific management.The management personnel can exert their activity to the full by changing the way of the work.Besides, it can realize personnel resource exploiting and concept transforming.展开更多
Taken guidance radar as an example,some evaluation models for number of shot,single-shot kill probability and damage ability are established firstly.Then tactics calculation methods for number of anti-radar reflector ...Taken guidance radar as an example,some evaluation models for number of shot,single-shot kill probability and damage ability are established firstly.Then tactics calculation methods for number of anti-radar reflector beam,throwing time interval and total consumption are given.Finally,the models' feasibility is illustrated with a numerical example and some valuable conclusions are drawn.展开更多
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62076204 and Grant No.61612385in part by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China under Grants No.2021M700337in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.3102019ZX016.
文摘Online accurate recognition of target tactical intention in beyond-visual-range (BVR) air combat is an important basis for deep situational awareness and autonomous air combat decision-making, which can create pre-emptive tactical opportunities for the fighter to gain air superiority. The existing methods to solve this problem have some defects such as dependence on empirical knowledge, difficulty in interpreting the recognition results, and inability to meet the requirements of actual air combat. So an online hierarchical recognition method for target tactical intention in BVR air combat based on cascaded support vector machine (CSVM) is proposed in this study. Through the mechanism analysis of BVR air combat, the instantaneous and cumulative feature information of target trajectory and relative situation information are introduced successively using online automatic decomposition of target trajectory and hierarchical progression. Then the hierarchical recognition model from target maneuver element, tactical maneuver to tactical intention is constructed. The CSVM algorithm is designed for solving this model, and the computational complexity is decomposed by the cascaded structure to overcome the problems of convergence and timeliness when the dimensions and number of training samples are large. Meanwhile, the recognition result of each layer can be used to support the composition analysis and interpretation of target tactical intention. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively realize multi-dimensional online accurate recognition of target tactical intention in BVR air combat.
基金supported by the Military Scentific Research Project(41405030302,41401020301).
文摘According to the requirements of the live-virtual-constructive(LVC)tactical confrontation(TC)on the virtual entity(VE)decision model of graded combat capability,diversified actions,real-time decision-making,and generalization for the enemy,the confrontation process is modeled as a zero-sum stochastic game(ZSG).By introducing the theory of dynamic relative power potential field,the problem of reward sparsity in the model can be solved.By reward shaping,the problem of credit assignment between agents can be solved.Based on the idea of meta-learning,an extensible multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(EMADRL)framework and solving method is proposed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of model solving.Experiments show that the model meets the requirements well and the algorithm learning efficiency is high.
文摘Tactical mobile ad hoc network （MANET） is a collection of mobile nodes forming a temporary network, without the aid of pre-established network infrastructure. The routing protocol has a crucial impact on the network performance in battlefields. Link reliability based hybrid routing （LRHR） is proposed, which is a novel hybrid routing protocol, for tactical MANET. Contrary to the traditional single path routing strategy, multiple paths are established between a pair of source-destination nodes. In the hybrid routing strategy, the rate of topological change provides a natural mechanism for switching dynamically between table-driven and on-demand routing. The simulation results indicate that the performances of the protocol in packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, and average end-to-end delay are better than the conventional routing protocol.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71971075,71871079,71671059)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(1808085MG213).
文摘Air-to-air combat tactical decisions for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(ACTDMU)are a key decision-making step in beyond visual range combat.Complex influencing factors,strong antagonism and real-time requirements need to be considered in the ACTDMU problem.In this paper,we propose a multicriteria game approach to ACTDMU.This approach consists of a multicriteria game model and a Pareto Nash equilibrium algorithm.In this model,we form the strategy profiles for the integration of air-to-air combat tactics and weapon target assignment strategies by considering the correlation between them,and we design the vector payoff functions based on predominance factors.We propose a algorithm of Pareto Nash equilibrium based on preference relations using threshold constraints(PNE-PRTC),and we prove that the solutions obtained by this algorithm are refinements of Pareto Nash equilibrium solutions.The numerical experiments indicate that PNE-PRTC algorithm is considerably faster than the baseline algorithms and the performance is better.Especially on large-scale instances,the Pareto Nash equilibrium solutions can be calculated by PNEPRTC algorithm at the second level.The simulation experiments show that the multicriteria game approach is more effective than one-side decision approaches such as multiple-attribute decision-making and randomly chosen decisions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61701521)the Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2018JQ6074)。
文摘The evolution of airborne tactical networks(ATNs)is impeded by the network ossification problem.As a solution,network virtualization(NV)can provide a flexible and scalable architecture where virtual network embedding(VNE)is a key part.However,existing VNE algorithms cannot be optimally adopted in the virtualization of ATN due to the complex interference in aircombat field.In this context,a highly reliable VNE algorithm based on the transmission rate for ATN virtualization(TR-ATVNE)is proposed to adapt well to the specific electromagnetic environment of ATN.Our algorithm coordinates node and link mapping.In the node mapping,transmission-rate resource is firstly defined to effectively evaluate the ranking value of substrate nodes under the interference of both environmental noises and enemy attacks.Meanwhile,a feasible splitting rule is proposed for path splitting in the link mapping,considering the interference between wireless links.Simulation results reveal that our algorithm is able to improve the acceptance ratio of virtual network requests while maintaining a high revenue-to-cost ratio under the complex electromagnetic interference.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6120118161471037+1 种基金61571041)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(201445)
文摘Relative navigation is a key feature in the joint tactical information distribution system（JTIDS）.A parametric message passing algorithm based on factor graph is proposed to perform relative navigation in JTIDS.First of all,the joint posterior distribution of all the terminals＇ positions is represented by factor graph.Because of the nonlinearity between the positions and time-of-arrival（TOA） measurement,messages cannot be obtained in closed forms by directly using the sum-product algorithm on factor graph.To this end,the Euclidean norm is approximated by Taylor expansion.Then,all the messages on the factor graph can be derived in Gaussian forms,which enables the terminals to transmit means and covariances.Finally,the impact of major error sources on the navigation performance are evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations,e.g.,range measurement noise,priors of position uncertainty and velocity noise.Results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the extended Kalman filter and cooperative extended Kalman filter in both static and mobile scenarios of the JTIDS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12002046)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology of China
文摘The damage effects of fluid-filled submunition payload impacted by the kinetic kill vehicle(KKV)are investigated by simulations and ground-based experiments.Numerical simulations showed that the damage level and number of submunitions were significantly influenced by the diameter of the KKV compared with its length.Based on that,a high velocity penetrator formed by shaped charge explosion was used to simulate the direct hit experiment of a KKV impacting submunition payload.Experimental results demonstrated that the damage modes of submunitions mainly included the slight damage,perforation and total smash,showing a good agreement with the simulations.To understand the multiple damage modes of submunitions,the damage behavior of the submunitions in direct hit process were analyzed based on the AUTODYN-3D code.Numerical results presented that increased KKV diameter can increase the crater diameter and expand the damage volume,which will achieve a higher direct hit lethality.Further analysis indicated that there were other mechanical behaviors can enhance the damage to submunitions not lying in the KKV flight path,such as secondary debris kill,neighboring submunitions collision with each other,and high-speed fluid injection effect.
文摘The major steps of oilfield development are given in this paper. The optimal model of oilfield development is built and the methods of optimum decision analysis are studied. The solution and analysis of the optimal tactics have been set up according to the data collected in the oilfield.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation(71101149,71071160,91024006)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(11JJ4065)Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(20104307120020)
文摘As the increase of the complexity of the information warfare,its intervention strategy needs to be designed in an integrated environment.However,the current research always breaks the internal relation between equipment and tactics,and it is difficult to meet the requirements of their integrated analysis.In this paper,the research status quo of the integrated analysis about equipment and tactics is discussed first,some shortages of the current methods are summarized then,and an evolvement mechanism of the integrated analysis for equipment and tactics is given finally.Based on these,a framework of integrated analysis is proposed.This method's effectiveness is validated by an example.
文摘LAN, WAN and MIS are developing quickly in China and foreign countries nowadays.The development of IF system has went through 3 stages with 7 development processes. The higstage of information integration highway has reached us and some other developed countries. Thecentral government, ministries and commissions in China have stated the engineering design on thissubject. China National Tobacco Import & Export Corporation (CNTIEC) brought a developmentproject forward. The general goals of this mission are: (a) to increaae the working efficiency ofCNTIEC by using modern information technology; (b) to incresdr the success rate in managementdecision making; (c) to heighten the management level to the high technology of information automation. The design should have a pod beginning and the whole design should be carried outin several steps. The management principle of information system is centsral management and distributed usage. CNTIEC's management can get a new stage by achieveng a scienific management.The management personnel can exert their activity to the full by changing the way of the work.Besides, it can realize personnel resource exploiting and concept transforming.
文摘Taken guidance radar as an example,some evaluation models for number of shot,single-shot kill probability and damage ability are established firstly.Then tactics calculation methods for number of anti-radar reflector beam,throwing time interval and total consumption are given.Finally,the models' feasibility is illustrated with a numerical example and some valuable conclusions are drawn.
