For the underwater long baseline(LBL)positioning systems,the traditional distance intersection algorithm simplifies the sound speed to a constant,and calculates the underwa-ter target position parameters with a nonlin...For the underwater long baseline(LBL)positioning systems,the traditional distance intersection algorithm simplifies the sound speed to a constant,and calculates the underwa-ter target position parameters with a nonlinear iteration.However,due to the complex underwater environment,the sound speed changes with time and space,and then the acoustic propagation path is actually a curve,which inevitably causes some errors to the traditional distance intersection positioning algorithm.To reduce the position error caused by the uncertain underwater sound speed,a new time of arrival(TOA)intersection underwater positioning algorithm of LBL system is proposed.Firstly,combined with the vertical layered model of the underwater sound speed,an implicit positioning model of TOA intersection is constructed through the constant gradient acoustic ray tracing.And then an optimization function based on the overall TOA residual square sum is advanced to solve the position parameters for the underwater target.Moreover,the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is replaced with the tra-ditional nonlinear least square method to optimize the implicit positioning model of TOA intersection.Compared with the traditional distance intersection positioning model,the TOA intersec-tion positioning model is more suitable for the engineering practice and the optimization algorithm is more effective.Simulation results show that the proposed methods in this paper can effectively improve the positioning accuracy for the underwater target.展开更多
为了解决传统室内定位技术成本较高、稳定性差以及难于部署等问题,提出一种将到达时间(time of arrival,TOA)与到达角(angle of arrival,AOA)相结合的室内定位系统.该系统由定位基站与被控定位单元组成,其特征在于使用对射式布置的超声...为了解决传统室内定位技术成本较高、稳定性差以及难于部署等问题,提出一种将到达时间(time of arrival,TOA)与到达角(angle of arrival,AOA)相结合的室内定位系统.该系统由定位基站与被控定位单元组成,其特征在于使用对射式布置的超声波传感器获取定位基站与被控定位单元之间的距离特征,利用角度传感器获取被控定位单元相对于定位基站的角度特征,以单基站就实现了精确的室内定位过程.分析了该系统基本结构与原理,建立定位与控制模型,在一定范围内对其定点定位精度与跟随定位精度进行了实验验证.实验结果表明:该系统结构简单,易于安装布置,鲁棒性强,在测试范围内的最大定点定位误差不超过5 cm,跟随定位误差不超过15 cm.展开更多
In this paper, we integrate inertial navigation system (INS) with wireless sensor network (WSN) to enhance the accuracy of indoor localization. Inertial measurement unit (IMU), the core of the INS, measures the accele...In this paper, we integrate inertial navigation system (INS) with wireless sensor network (WSN) to enhance the accuracy of indoor localization. Inertial measurement unit (IMU), the core of the INS, measures the accelerated and angular rotated speed of moving objects. Meanwhile, the ranges from the object to beacons, which are sensor nodes with known coordinates, are collected by time of arrival (ToA) approach. These messages are simultaneously collected and transmitted to the terminal. At the terminal, we set up the state transition models and observation models. According to them, several recursive Bayesian algorithms are applied to producing position estimations. As shown in the experiments, all of three algorithms do not require constant moving speed and perform better than standalone ToA system or standalone IMU system. And within them, two algorithms can be applied for the tracking on any path which is not restricted by the requirement that the trajectory between the positions at two consecutive time steps is a straight line.展开更多
针对无线传感器网络中如何准确获取节点位置信息的问题,研究了多径传播条件下基于到达时间(Time-of-Arrival,TOA)并兼顾路径时延的目标定位问题。所提算法在高斯噪声假设基础上,首先根据时间-距离观测模型推导出包含目标位置坐标及时延...针对无线传感器网络中如何准确获取节点位置信息的问题,研究了多径传播条件下基于到达时间(Time-of-Arrival,TOA)并兼顾路径时延的目标定位问题。所提算法在高斯噪声假设基础上,首先根据时间-距离观测模型推导出包含目标位置坐标及时延的测量方程;然后基于加权最小二乘(Weighted Least Squares,WLS)准则,计算出在目标坐标估计性能上严密逼近Cramér-Rao下界(CRLB)的解;最后通过理论分析得出位置和时延的误差方差及算法开销。仿真测试了单节点及多节点场景下测距误差对定位和延时性能的影响,结果表明,所提出算法的估计性能非常接近CRLB的估计性能,明显优于两步加权最小二乘(Two Step Weighted Least Squares,TSWLS)方法。展开更多
深入研究了UWB(ultra wideband)无线传感器网络中基于匹配滤波门限检测的TOA(time of arrival)估计算法.针对现有算法的不足,提出了一种三步TOA估计算法:先确定DP(direct path)搜索区域,然后使用门限检测确定DP的粗略位置,最后精确搜索...深入研究了UWB(ultra wideband)无线传感器网络中基于匹配滤波门限检测的TOA(time of arrival)估计算法.针对现有算法的不足,提出了一种三步TOA估计算法:先确定DP(direct path)搜索区域,然后使用门限检测确定DP的粗略位置,最后精确搜索到DP的中心.其中,用于计算检测门限的门限因子依据匹配滤波输出的峭度动态设置,设置模型独立于信道模式,其正确性通过与使用固定门限因子所获得的性能对比进行了验证.与其他算法的性能对比仿真结果表明,所提出的三步TOA估计算法在运算效率和TOA估计精度上取得了较好折衷,适合于当前实际应用.还通过对TOA估计误差的统计分析讨论了测距结果的可信度:依据峭度将测距结果划分为可信和不可信两个级别,并为各级别的TOA估计误差分别了建立概率密度模型.在定位模块中有效利用这些可信度信息,可进一步提高定位精度.展开更多
提出了一种基于到达时间(time of arrival,TOA)和到达时间差(time difference of arrival,TDOA)的空中运动平台对目标高精度三维定位的无源定位方法。该方法使用3个辅站信号到空中运动平台的TOA以及辅站位置确定空中运动平台自身的位置...提出了一种基于到达时间(time of arrival,TOA)和到达时间差(time difference of arrival,TDOA)的空中运动平台对目标高精度三维定位的无源定位方法。该方法使用3个辅站信号到空中运动平台的TOA以及辅站位置确定空中运动平台自身的位置,然后依据目标散射回波到达各个辅站与空中运动平台的TDOA确定目标的位置。分析了三维TDOA目标定位模糊产生的原因,提出了一种无模糊的高精度TDOA目标位置求解算法。仿真结果表明,该算法比经典的TDOA定位算法精度高,而且不存在定位模糊,从而验证了该空中运动平台对目标进行无源定位方法的有效性以及正确性。展开更多
提出一种基于超宽带(ultra wideband,UWB)信号到达时间估计(time of arrival,TOA)/到达角度估计(angle of arrival,AOA)联合估计的无线传感器网络(wireless sensor networks,WSNs)定位方案,只需要一个参考节点就可以实现对其他传感器节...提出一种基于超宽带(ultra wideband,UWB)信号到达时间估计(time of arrival,TOA)/到达角度估计(angle of arrival,AOA)联合估计的无线传感器网络(wireless sensor networks,WSNs)定位方案,只需要一个参考节点就可以实现对其他传感器节点的2D相对定位,并且不需要时钟同步,适合于传感器网络节点的低成本设计需求.利用往返时间(round trip time,RTT)进行TOA估计,给出了基于多径检测的TOA估计算法;利用到达时间差估计(time difference of arrival,TDOA)进行AOA估计,因而无需借助复杂的天线波束赋形技术.同时,分析了定位误差模型对定位性能的影响,并通过IEEE802.15.4a信道下的仿真实验进行了验证,结果表明了所提方案的有效性.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61903086,61903366,62001115)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2019JJ50745,2020JJ4280,2021JJ40133)the Fundamentals and Basic of Applications Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2019A1515110136).
文摘For the underwater long baseline(LBL)positioning systems,the traditional distance intersection algorithm simplifies the sound speed to a constant,and calculates the underwa-ter target position parameters with a nonlinear iteration.However,due to the complex underwater environment,the sound speed changes with time and space,and then the acoustic propagation path is actually a curve,which inevitably causes some errors to the traditional distance intersection positioning algorithm.To reduce the position error caused by the uncertain underwater sound speed,a new time of arrival(TOA)intersection underwater positioning algorithm of LBL system is proposed.Firstly,combined with the vertical layered model of the underwater sound speed,an implicit positioning model of TOA intersection is constructed through the constant gradient acoustic ray tracing.And then an optimization function based on the overall TOA residual square sum is advanced to solve the position parameters for the underwater target.Moreover,the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is replaced with the tra-ditional nonlinear least square method to optimize the implicit positioning model of TOA intersection.Compared with the traditional distance intersection positioning model,the TOA intersec-tion positioning model is more suitable for the engineering practice and the optimization algorithm is more effective.Simulation results show that the proposed methods in this paper can effectively improve the positioning accuracy for the underwater target.
文摘为了解决传统室内定位技术成本较高、稳定性差以及难于部署等问题,提出一种将到达时间(time of arrival,TOA)与到达角(angle of arrival,AOA)相结合的室内定位系统.该系统由定位基站与被控定位单元组成,其特征在于使用对射式布置的超声波传感器获取定位基站与被控定位单元之间的距离特征,利用角度传感器获取被控定位单元相对于定位基站的角度特征,以单基站就实现了精确的室内定位过程.分析了该系统基本结构与原理,建立定位与控制模型,在一定范围内对其定点定位精度与跟随定位精度进行了实验验证.实验结果表明:该系统结构简单,易于安装布置,鲁棒性强,在测试范围内的最大定点定位误差不超过5 cm,跟随定位误差不超过15 cm.
基金Project(61301181) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In this paper, we integrate inertial navigation system (INS) with wireless sensor network (WSN) to enhance the accuracy of indoor localization. Inertial measurement unit (IMU), the core of the INS, measures the accelerated and angular rotated speed of moving objects. Meanwhile, the ranges from the object to beacons, which are sensor nodes with known coordinates, are collected by time of arrival (ToA) approach. These messages are simultaneously collected and transmitted to the terminal. At the terminal, we set up the state transition models and observation models. According to them, several recursive Bayesian algorithms are applied to producing position estimations. As shown in the experiments, all of three algorithms do not require constant moving speed and perform better than standalone ToA system or standalone IMU system. And within them, two algorithms can be applied for the tracking on any path which is not restricted by the requirement that the trajectory between the positions at two consecutive time steps is a straight line.
文摘针对无线传感器网络中如何准确获取节点位置信息的问题,研究了多径传播条件下基于到达时间(Time-of-Arrival,TOA)并兼顾路径时延的目标定位问题。所提算法在高斯噪声假设基础上,首先根据时间-距离观测模型推导出包含目标位置坐标及时延的测量方程;然后基于加权最小二乘(Weighted Least Squares,WLS)准则,计算出在目标坐标估计性能上严密逼近Cramér-Rao下界(CRLB)的解;最后通过理论分析得出位置和时延的误差方差及算法开销。仿真测试了单节点及多节点场景下测距误差对定位和延时性能的影响,结果表明,所提出算法的估计性能非常接近CRLB的估计性能,明显优于两步加权最小二乘(Two Step Weighted Least Squares,TSWLS)方法。
文摘深入研究了UWB(ultra wideband)无线传感器网络中基于匹配滤波门限检测的TOA(time of arrival)估计算法.针对现有算法的不足,提出了一种三步TOA估计算法:先确定DP(direct path)搜索区域,然后使用门限检测确定DP的粗略位置,最后精确搜索到DP的中心.其中,用于计算检测门限的门限因子依据匹配滤波输出的峭度动态设置,设置模型独立于信道模式,其正确性通过与使用固定门限因子所获得的性能对比进行了验证.与其他算法的性能对比仿真结果表明,所提出的三步TOA估计算法在运算效率和TOA估计精度上取得了较好折衷,适合于当前实际应用.还通过对TOA估计误差的统计分析讨论了测距结果的可信度:依据峭度将测距结果划分为可信和不可信两个级别,并为各级别的TOA估计误差分别了建立概率密度模型.在定位模块中有效利用这些可信度信息,可进一步提高定位精度.
文摘提出了一种基于到达时间(time of arrival,TOA)和到达时间差(time difference of arrival,TDOA)的空中运动平台对目标高精度三维定位的无源定位方法。该方法使用3个辅站信号到空中运动平台的TOA以及辅站位置确定空中运动平台自身的位置,然后依据目标散射回波到达各个辅站与空中运动平台的TDOA确定目标的位置。分析了三维TDOA目标定位模糊产生的原因,提出了一种无模糊的高精度TDOA目标位置求解算法。仿真结果表明,该算法比经典的TDOA定位算法精度高,而且不存在定位模糊,从而验证了该空中运动平台对目标进行无源定位方法的有效性以及正确性。
文摘提出一种基于超宽带(ultra wideband,UWB)信号到达时间估计(time of arrival,TOA)/到达角度估计(angle of arrival,AOA)联合估计的无线传感器网络(wireless sensor networks,WSNs)定位方案,只需要一个参考节点就可以实现对其他传感器节点的2D相对定位,并且不需要时钟同步,适合于传感器网络节点的低成本设计需求.利用往返时间(round trip time,RTT)进行TOA估计,给出了基于多径检测的TOA估计算法;利用到达时间差估计(time difference of arrival,TDOA)进行AOA估计,因而无需借助复杂的天线波束赋形技术.同时,分析了定位误差模型对定位性能的影响,并通过IEEE802.15.4a信道下的仿真实验进行了验证,结果表明了所提方案的有效性.
