基于忆阻器阵列的类脑电路为实现高能效神经网络计算提供了极具潜力的技术路线.然而,现有方案通常需要使用大量的模数转换过程,成为计算电路能效进一步提升的瓶颈.因此,提出了一种基于1T1R(1 Transistor 1 Resistor)忆阻器交叉阵列与CMO...基于忆阻器阵列的类脑电路为实现高能效神经网络计算提供了极具潜力的技术路线.然而,现有方案通常需要使用大量的模数转换过程,成为计算电路能效进一步提升的瓶颈.因此,提出了一种基于1T1R(1 Transistor 1 Resistor)忆阻器交叉阵列与CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)激活函数的全模拟神经网络架构,以及与其相关的训练优化方法 .该架构采用1T1R忆阻器交叉阵列来实现神经网络线性层中的模拟计算,同时利用CMOS非线性电路来实现神经网络激活层的模拟计算,在全模拟域实现神经网络大幅减少了模数转换器的使用,优化了能效和面积成本.实验结果验证了忆阻器作为神经网络权重层的可行性,同时设计多种CMOS模拟电路,在模拟域实现了多种非线性激活函数,如伪ReLU(Rectified Linear Unit)、伪Sigmoid、伪Tanh、伪Softmax等电路.通过定制化训练方法来优化模拟电路神经网络的训练过程,解决了实际非线性电路的输出饱和条件下的训练问题.仿真结果表明,即使在模拟电路的激活函数与理想激活函数不一致的情况下,全模拟神经网络电路在MNIST(Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology)手写数字识别任务中的识别率仍然可以达到98%,可与基于软件的标准网络模型的结果相比.展开更多
In the view of the comparison of Mass Customization ( MC) with Mass Production and Customization Production, the objectives of MC are analyzed. It is pointed out that the core objectives of MC are to realize in dividu...In the view of the comparison of Mass Customization ( MC) with Mass Production and Customization Production, the objectives of MC are analyzed. It is pointed out that the core objectives of MC are to realize in dividuation customization, low cost, quick response to market demands. The modul arization theory is simply introduced. Based on the characteristics of modular ization, the mechanism of realizing MC with modularization is analyzed. The in dividuation customization can be realized with the different combinations of mod ules. The low cost can be realized with the scale economy and the category econo my of modules. The quick response can be realized with standard modules and its interfaces. So, the modularization is a kind of effective method in realizing MC . The modularization for MC is a systems engineering. With product modularized, production organization and management and manufacturing equipment will be chang ed. In addition, the paper also proposes a Mass Customization production model w hich is based on modularization. This Mass Customization production model is con sisted of modularization of product design, specialization of manufacturing, Vir tual Enterprises based on modularizing enterprises, and modularizing manufacturi ng equipment. The module design for MC, modularizing enterprises, and reconfigur able automation manufacturing equipment are discussed, and it is pointed out tha t they are the important supports for MC.展开更多
目的建立5-羟色胺2C受体(5-HT_(2C)receptor,5-HT_(2C)R)和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)标记的活化T细胞核因子2(nuclear factor of activated T cells 2,NFAT2)共表达细胞株。方法人源5-HT_(2C)R质粒...目的建立5-羟色胺2C受体(5-HT_(2C)receptor,5-HT_(2C)R)和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)标记的活化T细胞核因子2(nuclear factor of activated T cells 2,NFAT2)共表达细胞株。方法人源5-HT_(2C)R质粒转染至U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2细胞,经潮霉素(Hygro)压力筛选到稳定表达5-HT_(2C)R的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞。使用RT-qPCR和Western blot法检测该细胞株中5-HT_(2C)R的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;用核转位功能实验验证U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞受体功能的特异性;验证5-HT、LSD、DOM、DOI、赛洛西宾(PSI)和利舒脲(LIS)对5-HT_(2C)R的激活能力。结果筛选得到58号细胞为最强激活的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R单克隆细胞株。RT-qPCR和Western blot结果显示,1~15代内,U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞株稳定表达5-HT_(2C)R mRNA和蛋白。1~15代内,Vabicaserin对U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞株的激活能力稳定,5-HT_(2C)R特异性拮抗剂SB242084能够拮抗Vabicaserin的作用。5-HT、LIS、PSI能诱导U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞部分核转位,而LSD、DOM、DOI没有作用。结论成功构建了共表达5-HT_(2C)R和EGFP-NFAT2的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞,可用于靶向5-HT_(2C)R的高活性小分子化合物筛选。展开更多
文摘基于忆阻器阵列的类脑电路为实现高能效神经网络计算提供了极具潜力的技术路线.然而,现有方案通常需要使用大量的模数转换过程,成为计算电路能效进一步提升的瓶颈.因此,提出了一种基于1T1R(1 Transistor 1 Resistor)忆阻器交叉阵列与CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)激活函数的全模拟神经网络架构,以及与其相关的训练优化方法 .该架构采用1T1R忆阻器交叉阵列来实现神经网络线性层中的模拟计算,同时利用CMOS非线性电路来实现神经网络激活层的模拟计算,在全模拟域实现神经网络大幅减少了模数转换器的使用,优化了能效和面积成本.实验结果验证了忆阻器作为神经网络权重层的可行性,同时设计多种CMOS模拟电路,在模拟域实现了多种非线性激活函数,如伪ReLU(Rectified Linear Unit)、伪Sigmoid、伪Tanh、伪Softmax等电路.通过定制化训练方法来优化模拟电路神经网络的训练过程,解决了实际非线性电路的输出饱和条件下的训练问题.仿真结果表明,即使在模拟电路的激活函数与理想激活函数不一致的情况下,全模拟神经网络电路在MNIST(Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology)手写数字识别任务中的识别率仍然可以达到98%,可与基于软件的标准网络模型的结果相比.
文摘In the view of the comparison of Mass Customization ( MC) with Mass Production and Customization Production, the objectives of MC are analyzed. It is pointed out that the core objectives of MC are to realize in dividuation customization, low cost, quick response to market demands. The modul arization theory is simply introduced. Based on the characteristics of modular ization, the mechanism of realizing MC with modularization is analyzed. The in dividuation customization can be realized with the different combinations of mod ules. The low cost can be realized with the scale economy and the category econo my of modules. The quick response can be realized with standard modules and its interfaces. So, the modularization is a kind of effective method in realizing MC . The modularization for MC is a systems engineering. With product modularized, production organization and management and manufacturing equipment will be chang ed. In addition, the paper also proposes a Mass Customization production model w hich is based on modularization. This Mass Customization production model is con sisted of modularization of product design, specialization of manufacturing, Vir tual Enterprises based on modularizing enterprises, and modularizing manufacturi ng equipment. The module design for MC, modularizing enterprises, and reconfigur able automation manufacturing equipment are discussed, and it is pointed out tha t they are the important supports for MC.
文摘目的建立5-羟色胺2C受体(5-HT_(2C)receptor,5-HT_(2C)R)和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)标记的活化T细胞核因子2(nuclear factor of activated T cells 2,NFAT2)共表达细胞株。方法人源5-HT_(2C)R质粒转染至U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2细胞,经潮霉素(Hygro)压力筛选到稳定表达5-HT_(2C)R的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞。使用RT-qPCR和Western blot法检测该细胞株中5-HT_(2C)R的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;用核转位功能实验验证U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞受体功能的特异性;验证5-HT、LSD、DOM、DOI、赛洛西宾(PSI)和利舒脲(LIS)对5-HT_(2C)R的激活能力。结果筛选得到58号细胞为最强激活的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R单克隆细胞株。RT-qPCR和Western blot结果显示,1~15代内,U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞株稳定表达5-HT_(2C)R mRNA和蛋白。1~15代内,Vabicaserin对U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞株的激活能力稳定,5-HT_(2C)R特异性拮抗剂SB242084能够拮抗Vabicaserin的作用。5-HT、LIS、PSI能诱导U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞部分核转位,而LSD、DOM、DOI没有作用。结论成功构建了共表达5-HT_(2C)R和EGFP-NFAT2的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞,可用于靶向5-HT_(2C)R的高活性小分子化合物筛选。
