Although supply chain is regarded as an integrated pr ocess, actually, researchers and practitioners have primarily investigated the v arious processes of the supply chain individually. The competitive field in most m...Although supply chain is regarded as an integrated pr ocess, actually, researchers and practitioners have primarily investigated the v arious processes of the supply chain individually. The competitive field in most markets requires well-designed integrated supply chain instead of individual o perations. In this paper, some traditional thinking of supply chain is given fir st, then SCM (Supply Chain Management) is introduced, which views the entire sup ply chain as a whole rather than individual process and aims to increase transpa rency and alignment of the supply chain’s coordination and configuration, regar dless of functional or corporate boundaries. Secondly, issues regarding the significance and the situation of supply chain management in enterprises of Chin a are briefly described. In china, most enterprises haven’t established the ide a of supply chain management, supply chain are just focused on the step from sup pliers to manufacturers, which is a partial but not whole supply chain. Challeng ed by intense competition in the global market, further research on supply chain management is badly needed in China, if not, traditional pattern must be overwh elmed by world competition. Finally, suggestions for future research, especial ly the required conditions for a successful adoption of supply chain managemen t, are outlined. Organizations with Supply chain management can realize the advantages of backward vertical integration. However the following issues must b e paid attention to before supply chain management pattern is established.(1) Ch anging the corporate cultures of all members in the value chain to make it condu cive to supply chain management.(2) Developing long-term, cooperative and certi fied relationship with key suppliers.(3) Developing supply chain management soft ware that includes a completely integrated information system based on distr ibuted database throughout supply chain.(4) Reconstructing organization structur e adapting to supply chain management pattern.(5) Developing evaluation system f or performance measures of supply chain. In a word, supply chain management patt ern is necessary for domestic enterprises to win in intense world competition, w hile developing fitting pattern with key prerequisites is the most important.展开更多
In improving the competitiveness of business organi sa tion in the 21st century, minimising cost and increasing productivity are no lon ger factors that could promise the success. The changes in customer trends whic h...In improving the competitiveness of business organi sa tion in the 21st century, minimising cost and increasing productivity are no lon ger factors that could promise the success. The changes in customer trends whic h focusing more on product or service customising, high quality and short delive ry times are additional crucial factors that organisation should be aware of. T hese factors have direct relations on how the management could utilise the capab ility of its supply chain management (SCM). The importance of SCM in organisati on specifically to manufacturer is to play a vital role in managing the flow of material and information along the chain from suppliers to customers. In a trad itional way, SCM is mainly manage by the production department in organisation b ut with the advancement in information technology, resulted the changes in worki ng environment. One of the ways that could be implemented in decision making p rocess in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision is t hrough collaborative environment. Due to this situation, there is a need to rede sign the existing SCM in order to optimise its capability and functionality in t he way to ensure the organisation competitiveness is sustainable. A minor or ma jor alignment to SCM business processes should be done in order to streamline th e flow of information, which could also affect the flow of materials. Factors s uch as SCM operational, structural and even its managerial are among the issues that are critical in redesigning its business process. Each of these factors has its own attributes such as lead-times, complexity, frequency and organisationa l setting that could lead in improving organisational competitiveness. In additi on, by identifying these factors, it would help the management to plan and desig n the collaborative SCM that would effectively correspond to the changes in busi ness and customer trends. The intention of the paper is to promote a list of fa ctors and attributes, which are critical in redesigning an existing SCM in order to shift its environment to become collaborative SCM. By utilising these facto rs and attributes, a model for redesigning SCM into collaborative environment is currently developed by the author and will be used in the next stage of his res earch.展开更多
To improve the performance of the supply chain with one supplier and multiple retailers under deterministic price-sensitive customer demand, an optimal strategy is proposed based on knowledge discovery. First the dece...To improve the performance of the supply chain with one supplier and multiple retailers under deterministic price-sensitive customer demand, an optimal strategy is proposed based on knowledge discovery. First the decentralized system in which the supplier and the retailers are independent, profit-maximizing participants with the supplier acting as a Stackelberg game leader is studied. Numerical examples illustrate the importance of the coordination. The conventional quantity discount mechanism needs to be modified to coordinate the supply chain, so a revenue-sharing contract is proposed to coordinate such supply chain. Lastly, a special decision under certain demand rates is studied. The pricing and replenishment policies can be decided sequentially, which yields much less loss comparing with optimal decision when the demand rates are sufficiently large.展开更多
Studies show that supply chain cooperation improves supply chain performance. However, it remains a challenge to develop and implement the realistic supply chain cooperation scheme. We investigate a two-echelon supply...Studies show that supply chain cooperation improves supply chain performance. However, it remains a challenge to develop and implement the realistic supply chain cooperation scheme. We investigate a two-echelon supply chain planning problem with capacity acquisition decision under asymmetric cost and demand information. A simple negotiation-based coordination mechanism is developed to synchronize production/order strategies of a supplier and a buyer. The coordination scheme shows how the supplier and the buyer modify their production and order policy in order to find a joint economic lot sizing plan, which saves the overall supply chain cost. The allocation of the cooperation benefit is determined by negotiation. Due to the complexity of the multiple periods, multiple level supply chain lot sizing with capacity decision, a heuristic algorithm is developed to find coordination solutions. Finally, the results of the numerical study indicate the performance of supply chain coordination scheme.展开更多
The sources of supply chain enterprise risk from different aspects including material flow, information flow, cash flow and partner relationship is analyzed. Measures for risk reduction have also been summarized from ...The sources of supply chain enterprise risk from different aspects including material flow, information flow, cash flow and partner relationship is analyzed. Measures for risk reduction have also been summarized from the aspects of risk sharing, information sharing, change of inventory control mode, and supply chain flexibility. Finally, problems in current research on supply chain risk management are pointed out and a discussion on future research trend is presented.展开更多
Suppliers＇ selection in supply chain management （SCM） has attracted considerable research interests in recent years. Recent literatures show that neural networks achieve better performance than traditional statisti...Suppliers＇ selection in supply chain management （SCM） has attracted considerable research interests in recent years. Recent literatures show that neural networks achieve better performance than traditional statistical methods. However, neural networks have inherent drawbacks, such as local optimization solution, lack generalization, and uncontrolled convergence. A relatively new machine learning technique, support vector machine （SVM）, which overcomes the drawbacks of neural networks, is introduced to provide a model with better explanatory power to select ideal supplier partners. Meanwhile, in practice, the suppliers＇ samples are very insufficient. SVMs are adaptive to deal with small samples＇ training and testing. The prediction accuracies for BPNN and SVM methods are compared to choose the appreciating suppliers. The actual examples illustrate that SVM methods are superior to BPNN.展开更多
In a dynamic environment, it is vital for enterpris e to have flexible information system architecture to integrate ERP, Supply Chain Management (SCM) and E-Commerce (EC). The traditional systems are established o n t...In a dynamic environment, it is vital for enterpris e to have flexible information system architecture to integrate ERP, Supply Chain Management (SCM) and E-Commerce (EC). The traditional systems are established o n the ERP-centered flat architecture. This architecture has some disadvantages in supporting the dynamics of enterprises. Firstly, ERP is already a very expens ive and complex system; the extension based on it can only increase the complexi ty and make the implementation more expensive and risky. Secondly, under the arc hitecture, the flexibility is reduced sharply although the execution efficiency is maintained. In a rapid changing environment, flexibility is also an equally i mportant factor besides execution efficiency. Thirdly, it cannot support the dyn amic collaboration efficiently. The prevailing of the flat architecture is not d ue to its advantage but to the big software providers. From the system viewpoint , a hierarchical architecture is proposed. Difference from the current architect ure, in the hierarchical paradigm, ERP is put in the bottom level rather centere d. SCM is the center system, which adopts a multi-agent structure. EC is regard ed as its foreground interface, while ERP and other information system of the pa rtner or internal units are the background executors. EC is the extension of mar ket agent and purchase agent. It fulfills the function of trade on Internet by s ending orders to be executed to SCM and receiving the progress information of th e orders from SCM. After receiving orders from EC, the agent in charge of schedu le in SCM makes preliminary plan in form of instructions (which may be infeasibl e) based on the information of source. Trough the coordination of multi agent, the plan is adjusted to be feasible. Compared with current ERP-centered flat ar chitecture, the hierarchical structure pays more attention to dynamic collaborat ion rather the optimization within the enterprise. At last, two engineering case s, Beijing Shang Pu Electric Ltd and Qingtao Tianyue International Building Mate rial Free Trade City, are presented to illustrate the idea.展开更多
文摘Although supply chain is regarded as an integrated pr ocess, actually, researchers and practitioners have primarily investigated the v arious processes of the supply chain individually. The competitive field in most markets requires well-designed integrated supply chain instead of individual o perations. In this paper, some traditional thinking of supply chain is given fir st, then SCM (Supply Chain Management) is introduced, which views the entire sup ply chain as a whole rather than individual process and aims to increase transpa rency and alignment of the supply chain’s coordination and configuration, regar dless of functional or corporate boundaries. Secondly, issues regarding the significance and the situation of supply chain management in enterprises of Chin a are briefly described. In china, most enterprises haven’t established the ide a of supply chain management, supply chain are just focused on the step from sup pliers to manufacturers, which is a partial but not whole supply chain. Challeng ed by intense competition in the global market, further research on supply chain management is badly needed in China, if not, traditional pattern must be overwh elmed by world competition. Finally, suggestions for future research, especial ly the required conditions for a successful adoption of supply chain managemen t, are outlined. Organizations with Supply chain management can realize the advantages of backward vertical integration. However the following issues must b e paid attention to before supply chain management pattern is established.(1) Ch anging the corporate cultures of all members in the value chain to make it condu cive to supply chain management.(2) Developing long-term, cooperative and certi fied relationship with key suppliers.(3) Developing supply chain management soft ware that includes a completely integrated information system based on distr ibuted database throughout supply chain.(4) Reconstructing organization structur e adapting to supply chain management pattern.(5) Developing evaluation system f or performance measures of supply chain. In a word, supply chain management patt ern is necessary for domestic enterprises to win in intense world competition, w hile developing fitting pattern with key prerequisites is the most important.
文摘In improving the competitiveness of business organi sa tion in the 21st century, minimising cost and increasing productivity are no lon ger factors that could promise the success. The changes in customer trends whic h focusing more on product or service customising, high quality and short delive ry times are additional crucial factors that organisation should be aware of. T hese factors have direct relations on how the management could utilise the capab ility of its supply chain management (SCM). The importance of SCM in organisati on specifically to manufacturer is to play a vital role in managing the flow of material and information along the chain from suppliers to customers. In a trad itional way, SCM is mainly manage by the production department in organisation b ut with the advancement in information technology, resulted the changes in worki ng environment. One of the ways that could be implemented in decision making p rocess in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision is t hrough collaborative environment. Due to this situation, there is a need to rede sign the existing SCM in order to optimise its capability and functionality in t he way to ensure the organisation competitiveness is sustainable. A minor or ma jor alignment to SCM business processes should be done in order to streamline th e flow of information, which could also affect the flow of materials. Factors s uch as SCM operational, structural and even its managerial are among the issues that are critical in redesigning its business process. Each of these factors has its own attributes such as lead-times, complexity, frequency and organisationa l setting that could lead in improving organisational competitiveness. In additi on, by identifying these factors, it would help the management to plan and desig n the collaborative SCM that would effectively correspond to the changes in busi ness and customer trends. The intention of the paper is to promote a list of fa ctors and attributes, which are critical in redesigning an existing SCM in order to shift its environment to become collaborative SCM. By utilising these facto rs and attributes, a model for redesigning SCM into collaborative environment is currently developed by the author and will be used in the next stage of his res earch.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70471034)the Talent Foundation of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (s0670-082).
文摘To improve the performance of the supply chain with one supplier and multiple retailers under deterministic price-sensitive customer demand, an optimal strategy is proposed based on knowledge discovery. First the decentralized system in which the supplier and the retailers are independent, profit-maximizing participants with the supplier acting as a Stackelberg game leader is studied. Numerical examples illustrate the importance of the coordination. The conventional quantity discount mechanism needs to be modified to coordinate the supply chain, so a revenue-sharing contract is proposed to coordinate such supply chain. Lastly, a special decision under certain demand rates is studied. The pricing and replenishment policies can be decided sequentially, which yields much less loss comparing with optimal decision when the demand rates are sufficiently large.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70701008)
文摘Studies show that supply chain cooperation improves supply chain performance. However, it remains a challenge to develop and implement the realistic supply chain cooperation scheme. We investigate a two-echelon supply chain planning problem with capacity acquisition decision under asymmetric cost and demand information. A simple negotiation-based coordination mechanism is developed to synchronize production/order strategies of a supplier and a buyer. The coordination scheme shows how the supplier and the buyer modify their production and order policy in order to find a joint economic lot sizing plan, which saves the overall supply chain cost. The allocation of the cooperation benefit is determined by negotiation. Due to the complexity of the multiple periods, multiple level supply chain lot sizing with capacity decision, a heuristic algorithm is developed to find coordination solutions. Finally, the results of the numerical study indicate the performance of supply chain coordination scheme.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60574077) and 973 National ResearchProgram of China (2002cb312205).
文摘The sources of supply chain enterprise risk from different aspects including material flow, information flow, cash flow and partner relationship is analyzed. Measures for risk reduction have also been summarized from the aspects of risk sharing, information sharing, change of inventory control mode, and supply chain flexibility. Finally, problems in current research on supply chain risk management are pointed out and a discussion on future research trend is presented.
文摘Suppliers＇ selection in supply chain management （SCM） has attracted considerable research interests in recent years. Recent literatures show that neural networks achieve better performance than traditional statistical methods. However, neural networks have inherent drawbacks, such as local optimization solution, lack generalization, and uncontrolled convergence. A relatively new machine learning technique, support vector machine （SVM）, which overcomes the drawbacks of neural networks, is introduced to provide a model with better explanatory power to select ideal supplier partners. Meanwhile, in practice, the suppliers＇ samples are very insufficient. SVMs are adaptive to deal with small samples＇ training and testing. The prediction accuracies for BPNN and SVM methods are compared to choose the appreciating suppliers. The actual examples illustrate that SVM methods are superior to BPNN.
文摘In a dynamic environment, it is vital for enterpris e to have flexible information system architecture to integrate ERP, Supply Chain Management (SCM) and E-Commerce (EC). The traditional systems are established o n the ERP-centered flat architecture. This architecture has some disadvantages in supporting the dynamics of enterprises. Firstly, ERP is already a very expens ive and complex system; the extension based on it can only increase the complexi ty and make the implementation more expensive and risky. Secondly, under the arc hitecture, the flexibility is reduced sharply although the execution efficiency is maintained. In a rapid changing environment, flexibility is also an equally i mportant factor besides execution efficiency. Thirdly, it cannot support the dyn amic collaboration efficiently. The prevailing of the flat architecture is not d ue to its advantage but to the big software providers. From the system viewpoint , a hierarchical architecture is proposed. Difference from the current architect ure, in the hierarchical paradigm, ERP is put in the bottom level rather centere d. SCM is the center system, which adopts a multi-agent structure. EC is regard ed as its foreground interface, while ERP and other information system of the pa rtner or internal units are the background executors. EC is the extension of mar ket agent and purchase agent. It fulfills the function of trade on Internet by s ending orders to be executed to SCM and receiving the progress information of th e orders from SCM. After receiving orders from EC, the agent in charge of schedu le in SCM makes preliminary plan in form of instructions (which may be infeasibl e) based on the information of source. Trough the coordination of multi agent, the plan is adjusted to be feasible. Compared with current ERP-centered flat ar chitecture, the hierarchical structure pays more attention to dynamic collaborat ion rather the optimization within the enterprise. At last, two engineering case s, Beijing Shang Pu Electric Ltd and Qingtao Tianyue International Building Mate rial Free Trade City, are presented to illustrate the idea.
