Objective To explore the changes in plasma angiotensin II （Ang Ⅱ） and circadian rhythm of blood pressure among hypertensive patients with sleep apnea syndrome （SAS） before and after continuous positive airway pre...Objective To explore the changes in plasma angiotensin II （Ang Ⅱ） and circadian rhythm of blood pressure among hypertensive patients with sleep apnea syndrome （SAS） before and after continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） or surgical treatment. Methods A total of 180 essential hypertension patients were enrolled in our study. The determination of plasma Ang Ⅱ concentration, ambulatory blood pressure （ABP）, and polysomnography （PSG） monitoring were performed before and 3 months after CPAP or surgical treatment. Results Patients were classified into three groups by their apnea-hypopnea index （AHI）： essential hypertension group （EH group, n=72; AHI〈5）, essential hypertension with mild SAS group （EH＋mild SAS group, n=60, 5≤AHI〈20）, and essential hypertension with moderate and severe SAS group （EH＋moderate-severe SAS group, n=48, AHI_〉20）. The concentrations of plasma AngⅡ in the above three groups were 13.42±3.27, 16.17±3.82, and 18.73±4.05 ng/mL respectively before treatment, and AngⅡ concentration in EH patients combined with SAS was significantly higher than that in EH group （all P〈0.05）. After treatment the values in the latter two groups significantly decreased to 14.67±2.56 and 15.03±3.41 ng/mL respectively （P〈0.05）. The incidence of non-dipper blood pressure curve in EH patients was 31.9%, and those in hypertensive patients with mild SAS and moderate-severe SAS were 51.7% and 58.3%, respectively before treatment. The incidence of non-dipper blood pressure curve in the EH patients with mild SAS was significantly higher than that of patients with EH alone （P〈0.05）. After CPAP treatment or surgery, the incidence of non-dipper blood pressure curve in the two SAS groups was significantly decreased to 38.3% and 39.6%, respectively （P〈0.05）. Conclusions Ang Ⅱ might play a role in blood pressure variability in patients with obstructive SAS. CPAP or surgical treatment can improve blood pressure disorder and decrease plasma Ang Ⅱ level in patients with obstructive SAS.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the emotional and cognitive status in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), using neuropsychological tests and evoked-related potential (P3). Methods Sixteen patients diagnosed o...Objective To evaluate the emotional and cognitive status in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), using neuropsychological tests and evoked-related potential (P3). Methods Sixteen patients diagnosed of OSAS were tested by Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HRSA) and Hamilton rating scale for depression (HRSD). Other three groups, OSAS patient group (n=21), snoring group (n=21), and control group (n=21), were administered polysomnography (PSG), auditory evoked event-related potential (P3), and clinic memory test. The results were analyzed using general linear model (GLM) analysis and Post Hoc test. Results Twelve OSAS patients’ scores of HRSA and HRSD were beyond the normal range, 26.42 ±4.48 and 22.08 ±3.97 respectively. The auditory P3 latency in OSAS group was 363.1 ±22.9 ms (Fz), 368.57 ±28.03 ms (Cz), in snoring group 336.57 ±31.08 ms (Fz), 339.81 ±31.76 ms (Cz), in control group 340.8 ±28.7 ms (Fz), 338.29 ±29.21 ms (Cz). There were significant differences between OSAS group and snoring group, as well as control group (P< 0.05). No significant difference was seen between snoring group and control group. No significant difference was noted in P3 amplitude among three groups. Memory quotient (MQ) reduced in snoring group compared with control group. Conclusions Emotional disturbances are common clinical features in OSAS patients. Abnormal auditory P3 latency indicates the cognitive dysfunction in OSAS patients. Nocturnal hypoxaemia may play an important role on it. Snorers should be monitored because of the tendency to develop cognitive impairment.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the feasibility of pulse transit time (PTT) arousals as an index of sleep fragmentation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods Individuals referred for evalua...Objective To evaluate the feasibility of pulse transit time (PTT) arousals as an index of sleep fragmentation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods Individuals referred for evaluation of possible OSAHS underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG). Three conventional indices of sleep fragmentation [electroencephalography (EEG) arousals, apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI)], PTT arousals, and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were compared. Results PTT arousals were positively correlated with EEG arousals (r= 0.746, P<0.001), AHI (r= 0.786, P<0.001), and ODI (r= 0.665, P<0.001), respectively. But, both PTT arousals and EEG arousals had no correlation with ESS (r= 0.432, P=0.201; r= 0.196, P=0.591, respectively). Conclusion PTT arousals are correlated well with other standard measures estimating severity of OSAHS and potentially a non-invasive marker with which to measure the sleep fragmentation in patients with OSAHS.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to assess the protective value of adiponectin(APN)in pancreatic islet injury induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia(CIH).Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal co...Objective This study aimed to assess the protective value of adiponectin(APN)in pancreatic islet injury induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia(CIH).Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal control(NC)group,CIH group,and CIH with APN supplement(CIH+APN)group.After 5 weeks of CIH exposure,we conducted oral glucose tolerance tests(OGTT)and insulin released test(IRT),examined and compared the adenosine triphosphate(ATP)levels,mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)levels,reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,enzymes gene expression levels of Ant1,Cs,Hmox1,and Cox4 i1 which represented mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle function,the protein and gene expression levels of DRP1,FIS1,MFN1,and OPA1 which represented mitochondrial fusion and division,and the protein expression levels of BAX,BCL-2,cleaved Caspase-3,and cleaved PARP which represented mitochondrial associated apoptosis pathway of pancreatic islet.Results OGTT and IRT showed blood glucose and insulin levels had no differences among the NC,CIH and CIH+APN groups(both P>0.05)at 0 min,20 min,30 min,60 min,120 min.However,we found that compared to NC group,CIH increased the ROS level,reduced ATP level and MMP level.The islets of CIH exposed rats showed reduced gene expression levels of Ant1,Cs,Hmox1,and Cox4 i1,decreased protein and gene expression levels of MFN1 and OPA1,increased protein and gene expression levels of DRP1 and FIS1,increased protein expression levels of cleaved Caspase-3 and cleaved PARP,with lower ratio of BCL-2/BAX at protein expression level.All the differences among three groups were statistically significant.APN treated CIH rats showed mitigated changes in the above measurements associated with islet injuries.Conclusion APN may ameliorate the pancreatic islet injury induced by CIH via inhibiting the imbalance in mitochondrial fusion and division.展开更多
文摘Objective To explore the changes in plasma angiotensin II （Ang Ⅱ） and circadian rhythm of blood pressure among hypertensive patients with sleep apnea syndrome （SAS） before and after continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） or surgical treatment. Methods A total of 180 essential hypertension patients were enrolled in our study. The determination of plasma Ang Ⅱ concentration, ambulatory blood pressure （ABP）, and polysomnography （PSG） monitoring were performed before and 3 months after CPAP or surgical treatment. Results Patients were classified into three groups by their apnea-hypopnea index （AHI）： essential hypertension group （EH group, n=72; AHI〈5）, essential hypertension with mild SAS group （EH＋mild SAS group, n=60, 5≤AHI〈20）, and essential hypertension with moderate and severe SAS group （EH＋moderate-severe SAS group, n=48, AHI_〉20）. The concentrations of plasma AngⅡ in the above three groups were 13.42±3.27, 16.17±3.82, and 18.73±4.05 ng/mL respectively before treatment, and AngⅡ concentration in EH patients combined with SAS was significantly higher than that in EH group （all P〈0.05）. After treatment the values in the latter two groups significantly decreased to 14.67±2.56 and 15.03±3.41 ng/mL respectively （P〈0.05）. The incidence of non-dipper blood pressure curve in EH patients was 31.9%, and those in hypertensive patients with mild SAS and moderate-severe SAS were 51.7% and 58.3%, respectively before treatment. The incidence of non-dipper blood pressure curve in the EH patients with mild SAS was significantly higher than that of patients with EH alone （P〈0.05）. After CPAP treatment or surgery, the incidence of non-dipper blood pressure curve in the two SAS groups was significantly decreased to 38.3% and 39.6%, respectively （P〈0.05）. Conclusions Ang Ⅱ might play a role in blood pressure variability in patients with obstructive SAS. CPAP or surgical treatment can improve blood pressure disorder and decrease plasma Ang Ⅱ level in patients with obstructive SAS.
文摘Objective To evaluate the emotional and cognitive status in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), using neuropsychological tests and evoked-related potential (P3). Methods Sixteen patients diagnosed of OSAS were tested by Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HRSA) and Hamilton rating scale for depression (HRSD). Other three groups, OSAS patient group (n=21), snoring group (n=21), and control group (n=21), were administered polysomnography (PSG), auditory evoked event-related potential (P3), and clinic memory test. The results were analyzed using general linear model (GLM) analysis and Post Hoc test. Results Twelve OSAS patients’ scores of HRSA and HRSD were beyond the normal range, 26.42 ±4.48 and 22.08 ±3.97 respectively. The auditory P3 latency in OSAS group was 363.1 ±22.9 ms (Fz), 368.57 ±28.03 ms (Cz), in snoring group 336.57 ±31.08 ms (Fz), 339.81 ±31.76 ms (Cz), in control group 340.8 ±28.7 ms (Fz), 338.29 ±29.21 ms (Cz). There were significant differences between OSAS group and snoring group, as well as control group (P< 0.05). No significant difference was seen between snoring group and control group. No significant difference was noted in P3 amplitude among three groups. Memory quotient (MQ) reduced in snoring group compared with control group. Conclusions Emotional disturbances are common clinical features in OSAS patients. Abnormal auditory P3 latency indicates the cognitive dysfunction in OSAS patients. Nocturnal hypoxaemia may play an important role on it. Snorers should be monitored because of the tendency to develop cognitive impairment.
文摘Objective To evaluate the feasibility of pulse transit time (PTT) arousals as an index of sleep fragmentation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods Individuals referred for evaluation of possible OSAHS underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG). Three conventional indices of sleep fragmentation [electroencephalography (EEG) arousals, apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI)], PTT arousals, and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were compared. Results PTT arousals were positively correlated with EEG arousals (r= 0.746, P<0.001), AHI (r= 0.786, P<0.001), and ODI (r= 0.665, P<0.001), respectively. But, both PTT arousals and EEG arousals had no correlation with ESS (r= 0.432, P=0.201; r= 0.196, P=0.591, respectively). Conclusion PTT arousals are correlated well with other standard measures estimating severity of OSAHS and potentially a non-invasive marker with which to measure the sleep fragmentation in patients with OSAHS.
文摘Objective This study aimed to assess the protective value of adiponectin(APN)in pancreatic islet injury induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia(CIH).Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal control(NC)group,CIH group,and CIH with APN supplement(CIH+APN)group.After 5 weeks of CIH exposure,we conducted oral glucose tolerance tests(OGTT)and insulin released test(IRT),examined and compared the adenosine triphosphate(ATP)levels,mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)levels,reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,enzymes gene expression levels of Ant1,Cs,Hmox1,and Cox4 i1 which represented mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle function,the protein and gene expression levels of DRP1,FIS1,MFN1,and OPA1 which represented mitochondrial fusion and division,and the protein expression levels of BAX,BCL-2,cleaved Caspase-3,and cleaved PARP which represented mitochondrial associated apoptosis pathway of pancreatic islet.Results OGTT and IRT showed blood glucose and insulin levels had no differences among the NC,CIH and CIH+APN groups(both P>0.05)at 0 min,20 min,30 min,60 min,120 min.However,we found that compared to NC group,CIH increased the ROS level,reduced ATP level and MMP level.The islets of CIH exposed rats showed reduced gene expression levels of Ant1,Cs,Hmox1,and Cox4 i1,decreased protein and gene expression levels of MFN1 and OPA1,increased protein and gene expression levels of DRP1 and FIS1,increased protein expression levels of cleaved Caspase-3 and cleaved PARP,with lower ratio of BCL-2/BAX at protein expression level.All the differences among three groups were statistically significant.APN treated CIH rats showed mitigated changes in the above measurements associated with islet injuries.Conclusion APN may ameliorate the pancreatic islet injury induced by CIH via inhibiting the imbalance in mitochondrial fusion and division.
