[目的]研究石灰性土壤上磷肥减施结合硫铵替代尿素措施的效果,为夏玉米-冬小麦体系合理施用磷肥和维持作物高产提供依据。[方法]在陕西关中设置3年田间定位试验,实施夏玉米-冬小麦轮作模式,共含有对照(CK,不施磷肥)、常规施磷(CP,年施磷...[目的]研究石灰性土壤上磷肥减施结合硫铵替代尿素措施的效果,为夏玉米-冬小麦体系合理施用磷肥和维持作物高产提供依据。[方法]在陕西关中设置3年田间定位试验,实施夏玉米-冬小麦轮作模式,共含有对照(CK,不施磷肥)、常规施磷(CP,年施磷量180 kg P_(2)O_(5)/hm^(2),撒施)、减施磷肥(RP,年施磷量134 kg P_(2)O_(5)/hm^(2),条施)、减磷结合硫铵替代尿素(RPSA,施磷量与RP相同,条施)4个处理。作物收获期采集植物和土壤样品,测定玉米和小麦产量、磷肥效率、pH及土壤磷水平。小麦拔节期测定根系形态、菌根侵染率等指标。[结果]与CK相比,施磷处理(CP,RP和RPSA)的玉米和小麦籽粒产量均显著提高,增幅分别为17.3%~24.8%和5.1%~19.0%;土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)和微生物量磷(MBP)显著提高;除RP外,施磷处理的土壤pH均显著降低。施磷处理间,2018-2019年度RP较CP产量显著降低14.6%,磷回收率和偏生产力显著提高。RPSA较RP土壤pH显著降低,有效磷、微生物量磷含量和根系形态及菌根侵染率均显著提高。土壤pH与土壤磷水平、小麦根系形态指标和产量均呈显著负相关。RDA结果表明:土壤pH是影响小麦菌根侵染率、根系形态和产量的最重要环境因子。[结论]磷肥减施结合硫铵替代尿素调控措施可以降低石灰性土壤pH,提高土壤有效磷和微生物量磷含量,促进小麦根系生长并提高菌根侵染率,是石灰性[土娄]土夏玉米-冬小麦体系有效的磷肥减施增效措施。展开更多
Picea crassifolia Kom, a perennial arbor spe- cies is recognized as one of the most adaptable plants found to date in Qilian Mountains. To explore the cutting reproduction technology of P. crassifolia and reveal its r...Picea crassifolia Kom, a perennial arbor spe- cies is recognized as one of the most adaptable plants found to date in Qilian Mountains. To explore the cutting reproduction technology of P. crassifolia and reveal its rooting mechanism, cuttings of P. crassifolia with different cutting types （softwood, hardwood and root）, positions （top, upper, middle and bottom） and ages （7, 10, 15, 20, 25 year-old） were cultivated in a field experiment. One- year old softwood and hardwood cuttings were collected from 7-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25 year-old healthy ortets to analyze the changes from endogenous hormones and organic nutrients. Results indicate that the softwood cut- tings （0.5-1.0 cm in diameter） from upper branches of 15 year-old ortets shows better growth performance by improving rooting indexes, including a significant increasein rooting rate and a decrease in basal rot rate. Concomi- tantly, increasing rooting quantity and root length also increased. It is noteworthy that the high rooting rate of P. crassifolia cuttings due to its ability to accumulate high concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and total carbon （TC） rather than abscisic acid （ABA） and total nitrogen （TN）. The rooting rate was mainly regulated by the IAA/ABA and TC/TN ratio. In summary, our results suggest that the softwood cuttings （0.5-1.0 cm in diameter） from upper branches of 15 year-old P. crassifolia can be considered as an effective strategy to improve cutting rooting rate, and the IAA/ABA and TC/TN ratio was one of the main factors limiting the cutting rooting rate of P. crassifolia.展开更多
目的探讨局灶性癫痫围发作期心率变异性变化特点。方法收集2014年9月至2019年9月在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院癫痫中心进行术前评估并完成手术的癫痫患者102例,选择局灶性发作198次,手动测量相邻两个心电活动的RR间期,计算心率变异...目的探讨局灶性癫痫围发作期心率变异性变化特点。方法收集2014年9月至2019年9月在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院癫痫中心进行术前评估并完成手术的癫痫患者102例,选择局灶性发作198次,手动测量相邻两个心电活动的RR间期,计算心率变异性时域参数-相邻正常心跳间期差值平方和的均方根(RMSSD),比较发作前60 s、发作期、终止后60 s RMSSD差异,并比较不同心率变化类型、不同发作类型、不同发作前状态以及不同致痫灶部位和侧别RMSSD差异。结果发作期和发作前60 s及终止后60 s RMSSD相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),提示发作期RMSSD降低;心率增快类型癫痫发作期RMSSD降低(P<0.001);复杂部分性癫痫发作期RMSSD降低(P<0.001);颞叶内侧癫痫发作期RMSSD降低(右颞叶内侧P<0.001;左颞叶内侧P<0.001);心率无变化(P=0.556)和心率减慢(P=0.983)类型癫痫发作、单纯部分性癫痫(P=0.869)、颞叶外侧癫痫(右颞叶外侧P=0.204;左颞叶外侧P=0.849)和颞叶外癫痫(右颞外P=0.188;左颞外P=0.068)发作期RMSSD无降低。发作期和发作前60 s RMSSD差值在睡眠期更明显(P=0.039)。结论心率增快类型癫痫发作、复杂部分性癫痫、颞叶内侧癫痫发作期易发生心率变异性下降,提示癫痫发作期副交感活性下降;睡眠期状态下发生的癫痫发作期心率变异性下降相比清醒期显著,提示睡眠期癫痫发作副交感活性下降更加明显。展开更多
文摘[目的]研究石灰性土壤上磷肥减施结合硫铵替代尿素措施的效果,为夏玉米-冬小麦体系合理施用磷肥和维持作物高产提供依据。[方法]在陕西关中设置3年田间定位试验,实施夏玉米-冬小麦轮作模式,共含有对照(CK,不施磷肥)、常规施磷(CP,年施磷量180 kg P_(2)O_(5)/hm^(2),撒施)、减施磷肥(RP,年施磷量134 kg P_(2)O_(5)/hm^(2),条施)、减磷结合硫铵替代尿素(RPSA,施磷量与RP相同,条施)4个处理。作物收获期采集植物和土壤样品,测定玉米和小麦产量、磷肥效率、pH及土壤磷水平。小麦拔节期测定根系形态、菌根侵染率等指标。[结果]与CK相比,施磷处理(CP,RP和RPSA)的玉米和小麦籽粒产量均显著提高,增幅分别为17.3%~24.8%和5.1%~19.0%;土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)和微生物量磷(MBP)显著提高;除RP外,施磷处理的土壤pH均显著降低。施磷处理间,2018-2019年度RP较CP产量显著降低14.6%,磷回收率和偏生产力显著提高。RPSA较RP土壤pH显著降低,有效磷、微生物量磷含量和根系形态及菌根侵染率均显著提高。土壤pH与土壤磷水平、小麦根系形态指标和产量均呈显著负相关。RDA结果表明:土壤pH是影响小麦菌根侵染率、根系形态和产量的最重要环境因子。[结论]磷肥减施结合硫铵替代尿素调控措施可以降低石灰性土壤pH,提高土壤有效磷和微生物量磷含量,促进小麦根系生长并提高菌根侵染率,是石灰性[土娄]土夏玉米-冬小麦体系有效的磷肥减施增效措施。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31360086)the grant from the major state basic research development program of china(973 program,No.2013CB429903)
文摘Picea crassifolia Kom, a perennial arbor spe- cies is recognized as one of the most adaptable plants found to date in Qilian Mountains. To explore the cutting reproduction technology of P. crassifolia and reveal its rooting mechanism, cuttings of P. crassifolia with different cutting types （softwood, hardwood and root）, positions （top, upper, middle and bottom） and ages （7, 10, 15, 20, 25 year-old） were cultivated in a field experiment. One- year old softwood and hardwood cuttings were collected from 7-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25 year-old healthy ortets to analyze the changes from endogenous hormones and organic nutrients. Results indicate that the softwood cut- tings （0.5-1.0 cm in diameter） from upper branches of 15 year-old ortets shows better growth performance by improving rooting indexes, including a significant increasein rooting rate and a decrease in basal rot rate. Concomi- tantly, increasing rooting quantity and root length also increased. It is noteworthy that the high rooting rate of P. crassifolia cuttings due to its ability to accumulate high concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and total carbon （TC） rather than abscisic acid （ABA） and total nitrogen （TN）. The rooting rate was mainly regulated by the IAA/ABA and TC/TN ratio. In summary, our results suggest that the softwood cuttings （0.5-1.0 cm in diameter） from upper branches of 15 year-old P. crassifolia can be considered as an effective strategy to improve cutting rooting rate, and the IAA/ABA and TC/TN ratio was one of the main factors limiting the cutting rooting rate of P. crassifolia.
文摘目的探讨局灶性癫痫围发作期心率变异性变化特点。方法收集2014年9月至2019年9月在首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院癫痫中心进行术前评估并完成手术的癫痫患者102例,选择局灶性发作198次,手动测量相邻两个心电活动的RR间期,计算心率变异性时域参数-相邻正常心跳间期差值平方和的均方根(RMSSD),比较发作前60 s、发作期、终止后60 s RMSSD差异,并比较不同心率变化类型、不同发作类型、不同发作前状态以及不同致痫灶部位和侧别RMSSD差异。结果发作期和发作前60 s及终止后60 s RMSSD相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),提示发作期RMSSD降低;心率增快类型癫痫发作期RMSSD降低(P<0.001);复杂部分性癫痫发作期RMSSD降低(P<0.001);颞叶内侧癫痫发作期RMSSD降低(右颞叶内侧P<0.001;左颞叶内侧P<0.001);心率无变化(P=0.556)和心率减慢(P=0.983)类型癫痫发作、单纯部分性癫痫(P=0.869)、颞叶外侧癫痫(右颞叶外侧P=0.204;左颞叶外侧P=0.849)和颞叶外癫痫(右颞外P=0.188;左颞外P=0.068)发作期RMSSD无降低。发作期和发作前60 s RMSSD差值在睡眠期更明显(P=0.039)。结论心率增快类型癫痫发作、复杂部分性癫痫、颞叶内侧癫痫发作期易发生心率变异性下降,提示癫痫发作期副交感活性下降;睡眠期状态下发生的癫痫发作期心率变异性下降相比清醒期显著,提示睡眠期癫痫发作副交感活性下降更加明显。
