Considering the decision-making variables of the capacities of branch roads and the optimization targets of lowering the saturation of arterial roads and the reconstruction expense of branch roads, the bi-level progra...Considering the decision-making variables of the capacities of branch roads and the optimization targets of lowering the saturation of arterial roads and the reconstruction expense of branch roads, the bi-level programming model for reconstructing the branch roads was set up. The upper level model was for determining the enlarged capacities of the branch roads, and the lower level model was for calculating the flows of road sections via the user equilibrium traffic assignment method. The genetic algorithm for solving the bi-level model was designed to obtain the reconstruction capacities of the branch roads. The results show that by the bi-level model and its algorithm, the optimum scheme of urban branch roads reconstruction can be gained, which reduces the saturation of arterial roads apparently, and alleviates traffic congestion. In the data analysis the arterial saturation decreases from 1.100 to 0.996, which verifies the micro-circulation transportation's function of urban branch road network.展开更多
我国老年驾驶人数量持续增长,驾驶人结构的变化给交通安全带来了挑战。相比于其他年龄段驾驶人,老年人生心理功能逐渐衰退,更容易发生交通事故。认知功能与驾驶安全表现显著相关。从注意反应能力、执行处理能力、空间感知能力3项认知功...我国老年驾驶人数量持续增长,驾驶人结构的变化给交通安全带来了挑战。相比于其他年龄段驾驶人,老年人生心理功能逐渐衰退,更容易发生交通事故。认知功能与驾驶安全表现显著相关。从注意反应能力、执行处理能力、空间感知能力3项认知功能领域出发,研究老年人驾驶特征,设计驾驶模拟实验风险事件,获得认知驾驶行为数据,分析青年人、中年人、老年人驾驶行为特征的差异性;采用主客观结合的方法确定指标权重,提出认知驾驶行为指数计算方法;以驾驶人属性和认知功能为自变量,以认知驾驶行为指数为因变量,建立广义线性混合模型,探究不同因素对认知驾驶能力的影响。结果表明年龄、周驾驶频率、自我调节和TMT-B(Trail Making TestB)与认知驾驶行为指数显著相关,MMSE(Mini-Mental State Examination)为边缘显著相关;老年驾驶人的认知驾驶行为指数受个体特质影响较大;相较于老年人,青年人认知驾驶行为指数更差,中年人更好;周驾驶频率低的人比周驾驶频率高的人认知驾驶行为指数更好;自我调节频率为低和中的驾驶人,比频率为高的驾驶人认知驾驶行为指数更好;TMT-B测量认知正常的驾驶人比认知障碍驾驶人的认知驾驶行为指数更好。该研究从交通事故的人因机理角度出发,探究老年驾驶人面对的认知挑战,提出老年人认知驾驶行为指数计算方法并解析影响因素,为简化老年人驾驶适宜性评价程序、制定驾驶安全干预策略提供参考。展开更多
基金Project(2006CB705507) supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(20060533036) supported by the Specialized Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘Considering the decision-making variables of the capacities of branch roads and the optimization targets of lowering the saturation of arterial roads and the reconstruction expense of branch roads, the bi-level programming model for reconstructing the branch roads was set up. The upper level model was for determining the enlarged capacities of the branch roads, and the lower level model was for calculating the flows of road sections via the user equilibrium traffic assignment method. The genetic algorithm for solving the bi-level model was designed to obtain the reconstruction capacities of the branch roads. The results show that by the bi-level model and its algorithm, the optimum scheme of urban branch roads reconstruction can be gained, which reduces the saturation of arterial roads apparently, and alleviates traffic congestion. In the data analysis the arterial saturation decreases from 1.100 to 0.996, which verifies the micro-circulation transportation's function of urban branch road network.
文摘我国老年驾驶人数量持续增长,驾驶人结构的变化给交通安全带来了挑战。相比于其他年龄段驾驶人,老年人生心理功能逐渐衰退,更容易发生交通事故。认知功能与驾驶安全表现显著相关。从注意反应能力、执行处理能力、空间感知能力3项认知功能领域出发,研究老年人驾驶特征,设计驾驶模拟实验风险事件,获得认知驾驶行为数据,分析青年人、中年人、老年人驾驶行为特征的差异性;采用主客观结合的方法确定指标权重,提出认知驾驶行为指数计算方法;以驾驶人属性和认知功能为自变量,以认知驾驶行为指数为因变量,建立广义线性混合模型,探究不同因素对认知驾驶能力的影响。结果表明年龄、周驾驶频率、自我调节和TMT-B(Trail Making TestB)与认知驾驶行为指数显著相关,MMSE(Mini-Mental State Examination)为边缘显著相关;老年驾驶人的认知驾驶行为指数受个体特质影响较大;相较于老年人,青年人认知驾驶行为指数更差,中年人更好;周驾驶频率低的人比周驾驶频率高的人认知驾驶行为指数更好;自我调节频率为低和中的驾驶人,比频率为高的驾驶人认知驾驶行为指数更好;TMT-B测量认知正常的驾驶人比认知障碍驾驶人的认知驾驶行为指数更好。该研究从交通事故的人因机理角度出发,探究老年驾驶人面对的认知挑战,提出老年人认知驾驶行为指数计算方法并解析影响因素,为简化老年人驾驶适宜性评价程序、制定驾驶安全干预策略提供参考。
