A comparison of the management models of protected areas between China and the African south region allows reading and evaluating the similarities and differences in the use of management model as a management tool fo...A comparison of the management models of protected areas between China and the African south region allows reading and evaluating the similarities and differences in the use of management model as a management tool for protected areas and specifi- cally some positive and negative features of the management approaches in these two regions. Previous to this study it verified the designation of protected areas as increasing at a faster rate than ever before, comparatively much faster now in China than southern Africa regions. With the aim of evaluating similarities and differences in the use of management model as a management tool for pro- tected areas in China and southern Africa Region, both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Qualitative data were mainly from policy documents, scientific articles and magazine reports, whereas quantitative （secondary data） statistical data from Interna- tional Union for Conservation of Nature Resources （IUCN） and World Database on Protected Areas （WDPA）. In view of the data sources above, the study found that in China all the protected areas are state owned whilst in southern Africa regions there are some protected areas that are privately owned; also that the models or typology of governance applied are successful for the fact that they both combine co-management or collaborative management, community-conserved areas and private protected areas that are subject to greater success and can help design planning and management than those who use exclusively government management. To this, the study concluded that the use of management model is influenced by the type of governance a country applies to its reserved areas.展开更多
回顾30年来,中国石油加大“走出去”步伐,稳健推进自主勘探战略,持续加大勘探力度,保持较高投资水平,在非洲、中亚、美洲等合作区取得系列重大突破与重大发现,实现了油气储量快速增长,形成海外油气权益产量当量1×10^(8)t规模。中...回顾30年来,中国石油加大“走出去”步伐,稳健推进自主勘探战略,持续加大勘探力度,保持较高投资水平,在非洲、中亚、美洲等合作区取得系列重大突破与重大发现,实现了油气储量快速增长,形成海外油气权益产量当量1×10^(8)t规模。中国石油海外油气勘探成功经验:坚持项目获取,夯实发展根基;坚持自主勘探,降低发现成本;探索风险领域,加强过程监管:坚持效益中心,保障高效勘探;优化资产组合,提升投资回报;创新形成以“小前方大后方、小投资大发现、小团队大协同、小股东大收益”为核心的“四小四大”模式,实现科学决策。综合分析认为,未来我国油公司“走出去”重点拓展方向为“一核两环”(中国周边、非洲一中东地区和美洲地区),立足全球富油气盆地和前沿勘探领域,优先考虑“一带一路”沿线及现有项目周边,持续加大全球资源开拓力度,为保障国家能源安全作出新的贡献。He Wenyuan',Li Zhi',Wang Wangquan',Zhang Xingyang',Pang Wenzhu',Li Fuheng',Wang Renchong',Wen Zhixin',Yang Zi,Kang Hailiang',Qu Junya?(1.China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100027,China;2.PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,Beijing 100083,China)展开更多
文摘A comparison of the management models of protected areas between China and the African south region allows reading and evaluating the similarities and differences in the use of management model as a management tool for protected areas and specifi- cally some positive and negative features of the management approaches in these two regions. Previous to this study it verified the designation of protected areas as increasing at a faster rate than ever before, comparatively much faster now in China than southern Africa regions. With the aim of evaluating similarities and differences in the use of management model as a management tool for pro- tected areas in China and southern Africa Region, both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Qualitative data were mainly from policy documents, scientific articles and magazine reports, whereas quantitative （secondary data） statistical data from Interna- tional Union for Conservation of Nature Resources （IUCN） and World Database on Protected Areas （WDPA）. In view of the data sources above, the study found that in China all the protected areas are state owned whilst in southern Africa regions there are some protected areas that are privately owned; also that the models or typology of governance applied are successful for the fact that they both combine co-management or collaborative management, community-conserved areas and private protected areas that are subject to greater success and can help design planning and management than those who use exclusively government management. To this, the study concluded that the use of management model is influenced by the type of governance a country applies to its reserved areas.
文摘回顾30年来,中国石油加大“走出去”步伐,稳健推进自主勘探战略,持续加大勘探力度,保持较高投资水平,在非洲、中亚、美洲等合作区取得系列重大突破与重大发现,实现了油气储量快速增长,形成海外油气权益产量当量1×10^(8)t规模。中国石油海外油气勘探成功经验:坚持项目获取,夯实发展根基;坚持自主勘探,降低发现成本;探索风险领域,加强过程监管:坚持效益中心,保障高效勘探;优化资产组合,提升投资回报;创新形成以“小前方大后方、小投资大发现、小团队大协同、小股东大收益”为核心的“四小四大”模式,实现科学决策。综合分析认为,未来我国油公司“走出去”重点拓展方向为“一核两环”(中国周边、非洲一中东地区和美洲地区),立足全球富油气盆地和前沿勘探领域,优先考虑“一带一路”沿线及现有项目周边,持续加大全球资源开拓力度,为保障国家能源安全作出新的贡献。He Wenyuan',Li Zhi',Wang Wangquan',Zhang Xingyang',Pang Wenzhu',Li Fuheng',Wang Renchong',Wen Zhixin',Yang Zi,Kang Hailiang',Qu Junya?(1.China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100027,China;2.PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,Beijing 100083,China)
