International freedom of the air(traffic rights)is a key resource for airlines to carry out international air transport business.An efficient and reasonable traffic right resource allocation within a country between a...International freedom of the air(traffic rights)is a key resource for airlines to carry out international air transport business.An efficient and reasonable traffic right resource allocation within a country between airlines can affect the quality of a country’s participation in international air transport.In this paper,a multi-objective mixed-integer programming model for traffic rights resource allocation is developed to minimize passenger travel mileages and maximize the number of traffic rights resources allocated to hub airports and competitive carriers.A hybrid heuristic algorithm combining the genetic algorithm and the variable neighborhood search is devised to solve the model.The results show that the optimal allocation scheme aligns with the principle of fairness,indicating that the proposed model can play a certain guiding role in and provide an innovative perspective on traffic rights resource allocation in various countries.展开更多
Groundwater is an important water resource in Haihe River basin,North China.The number of aquifers that appear to be declining under conditions of groundwater overdraft is increasing.To effectively manage the water re...Groundwater is an important water resource in Haihe River basin,North China.The number of aquifers that appear to be declining under conditions of groundwater overdraft is increasing.To effectively manage the water resources,there is a strong scientific need to analyze the net use of this important water resource and to quantify the water rights allocation for improved understanding of the future water展开更多
中文的"图书馆权利"一词源自对美国图书馆协会《图书馆权利法案》英文"Library Bill of Rights"的翻译,大约于1980年开始在中国出现。2004年,我国大陆第一次将"图书馆权利"的主要内容列入全国图书馆学专...中文的"图书馆权利"一词源自对美国图书馆协会《图书馆权利法案》英文"Library Bill of Rights"的翻译,大约于1980年开始在中国出现。2004年,我国大陆第一次将"图书馆权利"的主要内容列入全国图书馆学专业统编教材《信息资源共享》,其后程焕文正式提出"图书馆权利"这个术语,并因此而使"图书馆权利"一词在我国图书馆界广泛传播和流行。目前,我国图书馆学界对"图书馆权利"一词的正宗性一直存在着分歧:一种观点认为"图书馆权利"一词用词不正宗,不宜使用;另一种观点认为"图书馆权利"这个词是一个非常正宗的汉语词汇,应该没有异议。文章认为:美国图书馆协会《图书馆权利法案》的英文名称"Library Bill ofRights"沿用了英文习惯用法,在英语语境中并不会产生歧义,随着"图书馆权利"理念的进一步广泛传播,"图书馆权利"一词也将成为一个简单明了和民众喜闻乐见的正宗中文专门术语。展开更多
The most important reference in Italian legislation concerning interventions in favour of people with disabilities came about with Law 104 from February 5th 1992 in which the most important rights for disabled people ...The most important reference in Italian legislation concerning interventions in favour of people with disabilities came about with Law 104 from February 5th 1992 in which the most important rights for disabled people were established. This law led to a new vision,the person with disabilities is no longer seen only a subject needing help but as a person who has the right to live his life in the best possible way that his condition allows him to and thus,it is society's duty and that of the Government,to do everything possible to remove invalidating causes,to promote a disabled person's autonomy and to realise his best social integration possible. To implement what is foreseen by this law it was necessary to activate different important interventions,two of which are very significant:the realisation of Guidelines from the Ministry of Health on rehabilitation activities in which the aims are defined on how rehabilitation should be implemented and how it should be organised on a national level and at a community level. Law 68 from March 12th 1999 decreed the full rights of people with disability to be integrated into the workplace. In the article we will also report some significant data concerning the results of the applications of the law.展开更多
As a general rule of Economics of Development,economic growth and development require rational institution guarantee.Land Tenure.As a main institution factor in agricultural development,closely relates to the reform o...As a general rule of Economics of Development,economic growth and development require rational institution guarantee.Land Tenure.As a main institution factor in agricultural development,closely relates to the reform of Chinese agriculture.Based on the relevant theories of Economics of Institution and Economics of Development,and combined with the marketization process of Chinese Land Tenure of Property Rights,the article studied the effects of institutional factors and put forward some choices in the development of agriculture,which is of both significant and practical importance.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Civil Aviation Administration of China (U2333206).
文摘International freedom of the air(traffic rights)is a key resource for airlines to carry out international air transport business.An efficient and reasonable traffic right resource allocation within a country between airlines can affect the quality of a country’s participation in international air transport.In this paper,a multi-objective mixed-integer programming model for traffic rights resource allocation is developed to minimize passenger travel mileages and maximize the number of traffic rights resources allocated to hub airports and competitive carriers.A hybrid heuristic algorithm combining the genetic algorithm and the variable neighborhood search is devised to solve the model.The results show that the optimal allocation scheme aligns with the principle of fairness,indicating that the proposed model can play a certain guiding role in and provide an innovative perspective on traffic rights resource allocation in various countries.
文摘Groundwater is an important water resource in Haihe River basin,North China.The number of aquifers that appear to be declining under conditions of groundwater overdraft is increasing.To effectively manage the water resources,there is a strong scientific need to analyze the net use of this important water resource and to quantify the water rights allocation for improved understanding of the future water
文摘中文的"图书馆权利"一词源自对美国图书馆协会《图书馆权利法案》英文"Library Bill of Rights"的翻译,大约于1980年开始在中国出现。2004年,我国大陆第一次将"图书馆权利"的主要内容列入全国图书馆学专业统编教材《信息资源共享》,其后程焕文正式提出"图书馆权利"这个术语,并因此而使"图书馆权利"一词在我国图书馆界广泛传播和流行。目前,我国图书馆学界对"图书馆权利"一词的正宗性一直存在着分歧:一种观点认为"图书馆权利"一词用词不正宗,不宜使用;另一种观点认为"图书馆权利"这个词是一个非常正宗的汉语词汇,应该没有异议。文章认为:美国图书馆协会《图书馆权利法案》的英文名称"Library Bill ofRights"沿用了英文习惯用法,在英语语境中并不会产生歧义,随着"图书馆权利"理念的进一步广泛传播,"图书馆权利"一词也将成为一个简单明了和民众喜闻乐见的正宗中文专门术语。
文摘The most important reference in Italian legislation concerning interventions in favour of people with disabilities came about with Law 104 from February 5th 1992 in which the most important rights for disabled people were established. This law led to a new vision,the person with disabilities is no longer seen only a subject needing help but as a person who has the right to live his life in the best possible way that his condition allows him to and thus,it is society's duty and that of the Government,to do everything possible to remove invalidating causes,to promote a disabled person's autonomy and to realise his best social integration possible. To implement what is foreseen by this law it was necessary to activate different important interventions,two of which are very significant:the realisation of Guidelines from the Ministry of Health on rehabilitation activities in which the aims are defined on how rehabilitation should be implemented and how it should be organised on a national level and at a community level. Law 68 from March 12th 1999 decreed the full rights of people with disability to be integrated into the workplace. In the article we will also report some significant data concerning the results of the applications of the law.
文摘As a general rule of Economics of Development,economic growth and development require rational institution guarantee.Land Tenure.As a main institution factor in agricultural development,closely relates to the reform of Chinese agriculture.Based on the relevant theories of Economics of Institution and Economics of Development,and combined with the marketization process of Chinese Land Tenure of Property Rights,the article studied the effects of institutional factors and put forward some choices in the development of agriculture,which is of both significant and practical importance.
