Zeolite-loaded noble metal catalysts have demonstrated excellent performance in addressing cold-start automotive exhaust NOx emissions and catalytic oxidation of VOCs applications.Pd and Pt are the most commonly used ...Zeolite-loaded noble metal catalysts have demonstrated excellent performance in addressing cold-start automotive exhaust NOx emissions and catalytic oxidation of VOCs applications.Pd and Pt are the most commonly used active metals in PNA and VOC catalysts,respectively.However,despite the same metal/zeolite composition,the efficient active sites for PNA and VOC catalysts have been viewed as mainly Pd2t and Pt0,respectively,both of which are different from each other.As a result,various methods need to be applied to dope Pd and Pt in zeolitic support respectively for different usages.No matter which type of metal species is needed,the common requirement for both PNA and VOC catalysts is that the metal species should be highly dispersed in zeolite support and stay stable.The purpose of this paper is to review the progress of synthetic means of zeolite-coated noble metals(Pd,Pt,etc.)as effective PNA or VOC catalysts.To give a better understanding of the relationship between efficient metal species and the introduced methods,the species that contributed to the NOx adsorption(PNA)and VOCs deep catalytic oxidation were first summarized and compared.Then,based on the above discussion,the detailed construction strategies for different active sites in PNA and VOC catalysts,respectively,were elaborated in terms of synthetic routes,precursor selection,and zeolite carrier requirements.It is hoped that this will contribute to a better understanding of noble metal adsorption/catalysis in zeolites and provide promising strategies for the design of adsorption/catalysts with high activity,selectivity and stability.展开更多
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)exhibit appreciable potential in the domain of electrochemical energy storage.However,there are serious challenges for AZIBs,for instance zinc dendrite growth,hydrogen evo...Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)exhibit appreciable potential in the domain of electrochemical energy storage.However,there are serious challenges for AZIBs,for instance zinc dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),and corrosion side reactions.Herein,we propose a surface engineering modification strategy for coating the montmorillonite(MMT)layer onto the surface of the Zn anode to tackle these issues,thereby achieving high cycling stability for rechargeable AZIBs.The results reveal that the MMT layer on the surface of the Zn anode is able to provide ordered zincophilic channels for zinc ions migration,facilitating the reaction kinetics of zinc ions.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations and water contact angle(CA)tests prove that MMT@Zn anode exhibits superior adsorption capacity for Zn^(2+)and better hydrophobicity than the bare Zn anode,thereby achieving excellent cycling stability.Moreover,the MMT@Zn||MMT@Zn symmetric cell holds the stable cycling over 5600 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and 0.125 m A h cm^(-2),even exceeding 1800 h long cycling under harsh conditions of 5 m A cm^(-2)and 1.25 m A h cm^(-2).The MMT@Zn||V_(2)O_(5)full cell reaches over 3000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1)with excellent rate capability.Therefore,this surface engineering modification strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of AZIBs represents a promising application.展开更多
Typhoons can cause large-area blackouts or partial outages of distribution networks.We define a partial outage state in the distribution network as a gray state and propose a gray-start strategy and two-stage distribu...Typhoons can cause large-area blackouts or partial outages of distribution networks.We define a partial outage state in the distribution network as a gray state and propose a gray-start strategy and two-stage distribution network emergency recovery framework.A phase-space reconstruction and stacked integrated model for predicting wind and photovoltaic generation during typhoon disasters is proposed in the first stage.This provides guidance for second-stage post-disaster emergency recovery scheduling.The emergency recovery scheduling model is established in the second stage,and this model is supported by a thermal power-generating unit,mobile emergency generators,and distributed generators.Distributed generation includes wind power generation,photovoltaics,fuel cells,etc.Simultaneously,we con-sider the gray-start based on the pumped storage unit to be an important first step in the emergency recovery strategy.This model is val-idated on the improved IEEE 33 node system,which utilizes data from the 2022 super typhoon“Muifa”in Zhoushan,Zhejiang,China.Simulations indicate the superiority of a gray start with a pumped storage unit and the proposed emergency recovery strategy.展开更多
The maneuverability and stealth of aerial-aquatic vehicles(AAVs)is of significant importance for future integrated air-sea combat missions.To improve the maneuverability and stealth of AAVs near the water surface,this...The maneuverability and stealth of aerial-aquatic vehicles(AAVs)is of significant importance for future integrated air-sea combat missions.To improve the maneuverability and stealth of AAVs near the water surface,this paper proposed a high-maneuverability skipping motion strategy for the tandem twin-rotor AAV,inspired by the motion behavior of the flying fish to avoid aquatic and aerial predators near the water surface.The novel tandem twin-rotor AAV was employed as the research subject and a strategybased ADRC control method for validation,comparing it with a strategy-based PID control method.The results indicate that both control methods enable the designed AAV to achieve high stealth and maneuverability near the water surface with robust control stability.The strategy-based ADRC control method exhibits a certain advantage in controlling height,pitch angle,and reducing impact force.This motion strategy will offer an inspiring approach for the practical application of AAVs to some extent.展开更多
With the ongoing depletion of fossil fuels,energy and environmental issues have become increasingly critical,necessitating the search for effective solutions.Catalysis,being one of the hallmarks of modern industry,off...With the ongoing depletion of fossil fuels,energy and environmental issues have become increasingly critical,necessitating the search for effective solutions.Catalysis,being one of the hallmarks of modern industry,offers a promising avenue for researchers.However,the question of how to significantly enhance the performance of catalysts has gradually drawn the attention of scholars.Defect engineering,a commonly employed and effective approach to improve catalyst activity,has become a significant research focus in the catalysis field in recent years.Nonmetal vacancies have received extensive attention due to their simple form.Consequently,exploration of metal vacancies has remained stagnant for a considerable period,resulting in a scarcity of comprehensive reviews on this topic.Therefore,based on the latest research findings,this paper summarizes and consolidates the construction strategies for metal vacancies,characterization techniques,and their roles in typical energy and environmental catalytic reactions.Additionally,it outlines potential challenges in the future,aiming to provide valuable references for researchers interested in investigating metal vacancies.展开更多
Layer-structured Ruddlesden–Popper(RP)perovskites(RPPs)with decent stability have captured the imagination of the photovoltaic research community and bring hope for boosting the development of perovskite solar cell(P...Layer-structured Ruddlesden–Popper(RP)perovskites(RPPs)with decent stability have captured the imagination of the photovoltaic research community and bring hope for boosting the development of perovskite solar cell(PSC)technology.However,two-dimensional(2D)or quasi-2D RP PSCs are encountered with some challenges of the large exciton binding energy,blocked charge transport and poor film quality,which restrict their photovoltaic performance.Fortunately,these issues can be readily resolved by rationally designing spacer cations of RPPs.This review mainly focuses on how to design the molecular structures of organic spacers and aims to endow RPPs with outstanding photovoltaic applications.We firstly elucidated the important roles of organic spacers in impacting crystallization kinetics,charge transporting ability and stability of RPPs.Then we brought three aspects to attention for designing organic spacers.Finally,we presented the specific molecular structure design strategies for organic spacers of RPPs aiming to improve photovoltaic performance of RP PSCs.These proposed strategies in this review will provide new avenues to develop novel organic spacers for RPPs and advance the development of RPP photovoltaic technology for future applications.展开更多
In this paper,we study the optimal investment problem of an insurer whose surplus process follows the diffusion approximation of the classical Cramer-Lundberg model.Investment in the foreign markets is allowed,and the...In this paper,we study the optimal investment problem of an insurer whose surplus process follows the diffusion approximation of the classical Cramer-Lundberg model.Investment in the foreign markets is allowed,and therefore,the foreign exchange rate model is incorporated.Under the allowing of selling and borrowing,the problem of maximizing the expected exponential utility of terminal wealth is studied.By solving the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations,the optimal investment strategies and value functions are obtained.Finally,numerical analysis is presented.展开更多
Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)has garnered great attentions as a prospective cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by virtue of its decent theoretical capacity,superior ion conductivity and high structural stab...Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)has garnered great attentions as a prospective cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by virtue of its decent theoretical capacity,superior ion conductivity and high structural stability.However,the inherently poor electronic conductivity and sluggish sodium-ion diffusion kinetics of NVP material give rise to inferior rate performance and unsatisfactory energy density,which strictly confine its further application in SIBs.Thus,it is of significance to boost the sodium storage performance of NVP cathode material.Up to now,many methods have been developed to optimize the electrochemical performance of NVP cathode material.In this review,the latest advances in optimization strategies for improving the electrochemical performance of NVP cathode material are well summarized and discussed,including carbon coating or modification,foreign-ion doping or substitution and nanostructure and morphology design.The foreign-ion doping or substitution is highlighted,involving Na,V,and PO_(4)^(3−)sites,which include single-site doping,multiple-site doping,single-ion doping,multiple-ion doping and so on.Furthermore,the challenges and prospects of high-performance NVP cathode material are also put forward.It is believed that this review can provide a useful reference for designing and developing high-performance NVP cathode material toward the large-scale application in SIBs.展开更多
Paired electrosynthesis has received considerable attention as a consequence of simultaneously synthesizing target products at both cathode and anode,whereas the related synthetic efficiency in batch reactors is still...Paired electrosynthesis has received considerable attention as a consequence of simultaneously synthesizing target products at both cathode and anode,whereas the related synthetic efficiency in batch reactors is still undesirable under certain circumstances.Encouragingly,laminar microfluidic reactor offers prospective options that possess controllable flow characteristics such as enhanced mass transport,precise laminar flow control and the ability to expand production scale progressively.In this comprehensive review,the underlying fundamentals of the paired electrosynthesis are initially summarized,followed by categorizing the paired electrosynthesis including parallel paired electrosynthesis,divergent paired electrosynthesis,convergent paired electrosynthesis,sequential paired electrosynthesis and linear paired electrosynthesis.Thereafter,a holistic overview of microfluidic reactor equipment,integral fundamentals and research methodology as well as channel extension and scale-up strategies is proposed.The established fundamentals and evaluated metrics further inspired the applications of microfluidic reactors in paired electrosynthesis.This work stimulated the overwhelming investigation of mechanism discovery,material screening strategies,and device assemblies.展开更多
The development of communication networks is currently undergoing a period of transformation.This paper illustrates this transformation from the growth rate of communication users,network bandwidth,and service revenue...The development of communication networks is currently undergoing a period of transformation.This paper illustrates this transformation from the growth rate of communication users,network bandwidth,and service revenue.We also analyze the shift in the focus of network technology development from aspects such as information sources,mobile terminals,wireless channels,core networks,edge clouds,data perception,and artificial intelligence.Finally,we briefly outline the new paradigm for network research and development(R&D)in the intelligent era.展开更多
The survival strategy of plants is to adjust their functional traits to adapt to the environment.However,these traits and survival strategies of evergreen broad-leaved forest species are not well understood.This study...The survival strategy of plants is to adjust their functional traits to adapt to the environment.However,these traits and survival strategies of evergreen broad-leaved forest species are not well understood.This study examined 10 leaf functional traits(LFTs)of 70 common plant species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in Huangshan Mountain to decipher their adaptive strategies.The phylogenetic signals of these LFTs were assessed and phylogenetically independent contrasts(PIC)and correlation analyses were carried out.LFTs were analyzed to determine their CSR(C:competitor,S:stress-tolerator,R:ruderal)strategies.The results show that plant species exhibit different leaf functional traits and ecological strategies(nine strategies were identified;the most abundant were S/CS and S/CSR strategies).Some traits showed significant phylogenetic signals,indicating the effect of phylogeny on LFTs to an extent.Trait variations among species suggest distinct adaptation strategies to environmental changes.The study species were mainly clustered on the C-S strategy axis,with a high S component.Species leaning toward the C-strategy end(e.g.,deciduous species),favored a resource acquisition strategy characterized by higher specific leaf area(SLA),greater nutrient contents(N and P),lower leaf dry matter content(LDMC),and reduced nutrient utilization efficiency(C:N and C:P).Conversely,species closer to the S-strategy end(e.g.,evergreen species)usually adopted a resource conservative strategy with trait combinations contrary to those of C-strategy species.Overall,this study corroborated the applicability of the CSR strategy at a local scale and provides insights into the varied trait combinations and ecological strategies employed by plant species to adapt to their environment.These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in biodiversity maintenance.展开更多
Using natural gas(NG)as the primary fuel helps alleviate the fossil fuel crisis while reducing engine soot and nitrogen oxide(NO_(X))emissions.In this paper,the influences of a novel split injection concept on an NG h...Using natural gas(NG)as the primary fuel helps alleviate the fossil fuel crisis while reducing engine soot and nitrogen oxide(NO_(X))emissions.In this paper,the influences of a novel split injection concept on an NG high pressure direct injection(HPDI)engine are examined.Four typical split injection strategies,namely split pre-injection of pilot diesel(PD)and NG,split post-injection of PD and NG,split pre-injection of NG,and split post-injection of PD,were developed to investigate the influences on combustion and emissions.Results revealed that split pre injection of NG enhanced the atomization of PD,whereas the split post-injection of NG lowered the temperature in the core region of the PD spray,resulting in the deterioration of combustion.The effect of the split injection strategy on indicated thermal efficiency exceeded 7.5%.Split pre-injection was favorable to enhancing thermal efficiency,whereas split post-injection was not.Ignition delay,combustion duration,and premixed combustion time proportion were affected by injection strategies by 3.8%,50%,and 19.7%,respectively.Split pre-injection increased CH_(4) emission in the exhaust.Split post-injection,especially split post-injection of PD and NG,reduced the unburned CH_(4) emission by approximately 30%.When the split post-injection ratio was less than 30%,the trade-off between NO_(X) and soot was interrupted.The distribution range of hydroxyl radicals was expanded by pre-injection,and NO_(X) was generated in the region where the NG jet hit the wall.This paper provides valuable insights into the optimization of HPDI injection parameters.展开更多
Medicinal and dietary plants provide numerous nutritional and functional compounds and also have various potential health benefits to humanity.The specific and efficient techniques for accurate identification of nutri...Medicinal and dietary plants provide numerous nutritional and functional compounds and also have various potential health benefits to humanity.The specific and efficient techniques for accurate identification of nutritional compounds and functional metabolites is crucial for the development of functional foods from medicinal and dietary plants.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and mass spectrometry(MS)are indispensable and essential technologies that provide an unsurpassed wealth of untargeted identification,quantitative and qualitative analysis,and structural information in the study of food and plant products.In the past decade,the rapid development of modern analytical technology has led to the emergence of new approaches and strategies for natural products discovery.Especially the application of novel NMRand MS-based identification and dereplication strategies aided by artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have brought about a significant shift in the natural products discovery process.These developments and changes in the natural products filed have given us insights into how to accurately target and mining nutritional,functional,and bioactive compounds.Thus,we have summarized recent research on novel NMR and MS based strategies and methods focusing on functional compounds,accurate identification and efficient discovery mainly in medicinal and dietary plants.This review could provide a comprehensive perspective for a better understanding of novel strategies and methods based on NMR and MS technologies,which could provide valuable insights and ideas for functional compounds mining.展开更多
It is well-known that elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)is a causal risk factor for atheroscler-otic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD),statins are cornerstone drugs for the cause-based treatment of ASCVD,...It is well-known that elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)is a causal risk factor for atheroscler-otic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD),statins are cornerstone drugs for the cause-based treatment of ASCVD,which has created a new era for ASCVD therapy.However,statin intolerance is not clinically uncommon,which there are several issues with confu-sion and misunderstandings.Hence,a file named Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management Strategy of Pa-tients With Statin Intolerance,like a navigator,has recently been published written by a team of experts from the Cardiovascular Metabolic Medicine Professional Committee,Expert Committee of the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases aiming to en-hance the standardized clinical application of statins and improve the prevention and clinical outcome.In this article,author briefly summarized the key points of above consensus in order to helping to comprehending the content of the consensus sugges-tions.展开更多
Aqueous zincion batteries are highly favored for grid-level energy storage owing to their low cost and high safety,but their practical application is limited by slow ion migration.To address this,a strategy has been d...Aqueous zincion batteries are highly favored for grid-level energy storage owing to their low cost and high safety,but their practical application is limited by slow ion migration.To address this,a strategy has been developed to create a cation-accelerating electric field on the surface of the cathode to achieve ultrafast Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics.By employing electrodeposition to coat MoS_(2)on the surface of BaV_(6)O_(16)·3H_(2)O nanowires,the directional builtin electric field generated at the heterointerface acts as a cation accelerator,continuously accelerating Zn^(2+)diffusion into the active material.The optimized Zn^(2+)diffusion coefficient in CC@BaV-V_(6)O_(16)·3H_(2)@MoS_(2)(7.5×10^(8)cm^(2)s^(-1)) surpasses that of most reported V-based cathodes.Simultaneously,MoS_(2)serving as a cathodic armor extends the cycling life of the Zn-CC@BaV_(6)O_(16)·3H_(2)@MoS_(2)full batteries to over 10000 cycles.This work provides valuable insights into optimizing ion diffusion kinetics for high-performance energy storage devices.展开更多
As users’access to the network has evolved into the acquisition of mass contents instead of IP addresses,the IP network architecture based on end-to-end communication cannot meet users’needs.Therefore,the Informatio...As users’access to the network has evolved into the acquisition of mass contents instead of IP addresses,the IP network architecture based on end-to-end communication cannot meet users’needs.Therefore,the Information-Centric Networking(ICN)came into being.From a technical point of view,ICN is a promising future network architecture.Researching and customizing a reasonable pricing mechanism plays a positive role in promoting the deployment of ICN.The current research on ICN pricing mechanism is focused on paid content.Therefore,we study an ICN pricing model for free content,which uses game theory based on Nash equilibrium to analysis.In this work,advertisers are considered,and an advertiser model is established to describe the economic interaction between advertisers and ICN entities.This solution can formulate the best pricing strategy for all ICN entities and maximize the benefits of each entity.Our extensive analysis and numerical results show that the proposed pricing framework is significantly better than existing solutions when it comes to free content.展开更多
The transition to renewable energy sources has elevated the importance of SIBs(SIBs)as cost-effective alternatives to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)for large-scale energy storage.This review examines the mechanisms of ga...The transition to renewable energy sources has elevated the importance of SIBs(SIBs)as cost-effective alternatives to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)for large-scale energy storage.This review examines the mechanisms of gas generation in SIBs,identifying sources from cathode materials,anode materials,and electrolytes,which pose safety risks like swelling,leakage,and explosions.Gases such as CO_(2),H_(2),and O_(2) primarily arise from the instability of cathode materials,side reactions between electrode and electrolyte,and electrolyte decomposition under high temperatures or voltages.Enhanced mitigation strategies,encompassing electrolyte design,buffer layer construction,and electrode material optimization,are deliberated upon.Accordingly,subsequent research endeavors should prioritize long-term high-precision gas detection to bolster the safety and performance of SIBs,thereby fortifying their commercial viability and furnishing dependable solutions for large-scale energy storage and electric vehicles.展开更多
The flourishing progress in nanotechnology offers boundless opportunities for agriculture,particularly in the realm of nanopesticides research and development.However,concerns have been raised regarding the human and ...The flourishing progress in nanotechnology offers boundless opportunities for agriculture,particularly in the realm of nanopesticides research and development.However,concerns have been raised regarding the human and environmental safety issues stemming from the unrestrained use of non-therapeutic nanomaterials in nanopesticides.It is also important to consider whether the current development strategy of nanopesticides based on nanocarriers can strike a balance between investment and return,and if the complex material composition genuinely improves the efficiency,safety,and circularity of nanopesticides.Herein,we introduced the concept of nanopesticides with minimizing carriers(NMC)prepared through prodrug design and molecular self-assembly emerging as practical tools to address the current limitations,and compared it with nanopesticides employing non-therapeutic nanomaterials as carriers(NNC).We further summarized the current development strategy of NMC and examined potential challenges in its preparation,performance,and production.Overall,we asserted that the development of NMC systems can serve as the innovative driving force catalyzing a green and efficient revolution in nanopesticides,offering a way out of the current predicament.展开更多
In recent years,the research focus in insurance risk theory has shifted towards multi-type mixed dividend strategies.However,the practical factors and constraints in financial market transactions,such as interest rate...In recent years,the research focus in insurance risk theory has shifted towards multi-type mixed dividend strategies.However,the practical factors and constraints in financial market transactions,such as interest rates,tax rates,and transaction fees,inevitably impact these strategies.By incorporating appropriate constraints,a multi-type mixed strategy can better simulate real-world transactions.Following the approach of Liu et al.[28],we examine a classical compound Poisson risk model that incorporates the constraints of constant interest rates and a periodic-threshold mixed dividend strategy.In this model,the surplus process of insurance companies is influenced by several factors.These factors include constant interest rates,continuously distributed dividends within intervals(threshold dividend strategy),and dividends at discrete time points(periodic dividend strategy).We derive the piecewise integro-differential equations(IDEs)that describe the expected present value of dividends(EPVDs)until ruin time and the Gerber-Shiu expected discounted penalty function.Furthermore,we provide explicit solutions to these IDEs using an alternative method based on the inverse Laplace transform combined with the Dickson-Hipp operator.This enables us to obtain explicit expressions for the dividend and Gerber-Shiu functions.Additionally,we present examples to illustrate the application of our results.展开更多
基金supported by Zhongtian Iron and Steel-University of Science and Technology Beijing Youth Science and Technology Innovation Fund(No.FZTNTC2024050005)National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology,China(No.NELMS2020A07)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRF-AT-20-12)。
文摘Zeolite-loaded noble metal catalysts have demonstrated excellent performance in addressing cold-start automotive exhaust NOx emissions and catalytic oxidation of VOCs applications.Pd and Pt are the most commonly used active metals in PNA and VOC catalysts,respectively.However,despite the same metal/zeolite composition,the efficient active sites for PNA and VOC catalysts have been viewed as mainly Pd2t and Pt0,respectively,both of which are different from each other.As a result,various methods need to be applied to dope Pd and Pt in zeolitic support respectively for different usages.No matter which type of metal species is needed,the common requirement for both PNA and VOC catalysts is that the metal species should be highly dispersed in zeolite support and stay stable.The purpose of this paper is to review the progress of synthetic means of zeolite-coated noble metals(Pd,Pt,etc.)as effective PNA or VOC catalysts.To give a better understanding of the relationship between efficient metal species and the introduced methods,the species that contributed to the NOx adsorption(PNA)and VOCs deep catalytic oxidation were first summarized and compared.Then,based on the above discussion,the detailed construction strategies for different active sites in PNA and VOC catalysts,respectively,were elaborated in terms of synthetic routes,precursor selection,and zeolite carrier requirements.It is hoped that this will contribute to a better understanding of noble metal adsorption/catalysis in zeolites and provide promising strategies for the design of adsorption/catalysts with high activity,selectivity and stability.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22005318,22379152)Western Young Scholars Foundations of Chinese Academy of Sciences+4 种基金Lanzhou Youth Science and Technology Talent Innovation Project(Grant No.2023-NQ-86,No.2023-QN-96)Lanzhou Chengguan District Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.2023-rc-4,2022-rc-4)Collaborative Innovation Alliance Fund for Young Science and Technology Worker(Grant No.HZJJ23-7)National Nature Science Foundations of Gansu Province(Grant No.21JR11RA020)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.31920220073,31920230128)。
文摘Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)exhibit appreciable potential in the domain of electrochemical energy storage.However,there are serious challenges for AZIBs,for instance zinc dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),and corrosion side reactions.Herein,we propose a surface engineering modification strategy for coating the montmorillonite(MMT)layer onto the surface of the Zn anode to tackle these issues,thereby achieving high cycling stability for rechargeable AZIBs.The results reveal that the MMT layer on the surface of the Zn anode is able to provide ordered zincophilic channels for zinc ions migration,facilitating the reaction kinetics of zinc ions.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations and water contact angle(CA)tests prove that MMT@Zn anode exhibits superior adsorption capacity for Zn^(2+)and better hydrophobicity than the bare Zn anode,thereby achieving excellent cycling stability.Moreover,the MMT@Zn||MMT@Zn symmetric cell holds the stable cycling over 5600 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and 0.125 m A h cm^(-2),even exceeding 1800 h long cycling under harsh conditions of 5 m A cm^(-2)and 1.25 m A h cm^(-2).The MMT@Zn||V_(2)O_(5)full cell reaches over 3000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1)with excellent rate capability.Therefore,this surface engineering modification strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of AZIBs represents a promising application.
基金supported in part by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(52177110)Key Pro-gram of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B20106,U2142206)+2 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20210324131409026)the Science and Technology Project of the State Grid Corpo-ration of China(5200-202319382A-2-3-XG)State Grid Zhejiang Elctric Power Co.,Ltd.Science and Tech-nology Project(B311DS24001A).
文摘Typhoons can cause large-area blackouts or partial outages of distribution networks.We define a partial outage state in the distribution network as a gray state and propose a gray-start strategy and two-stage distribution network emergency recovery framework.A phase-space reconstruction and stacked integrated model for predicting wind and photovoltaic generation during typhoon disasters is proposed in the first stage.This provides guidance for second-stage post-disaster emergency recovery scheduling.The emergency recovery scheduling model is established in the second stage,and this model is supported by a thermal power-generating unit,mobile emergency generators,and distributed generators.Distributed generation includes wind power generation,photovoltaics,fuel cells,etc.Simultaneously,we con-sider the gray-start based on the pumped storage unit to be an important first step in the emergency recovery strategy.This model is val-idated on the improved IEEE 33 node system,which utilizes data from the 2022 super typhoon“Muifa”in Zhoushan,Zhejiang,China.Simulations indicate the superiority of a gray start with a pumped storage unit and the proposed emergency recovery strategy.
基金supported by Southern Marine Science and Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(Grant No.SML2023SP229)。
文摘The maneuverability and stealth of aerial-aquatic vehicles(AAVs)is of significant importance for future integrated air-sea combat missions.To improve the maneuverability and stealth of AAVs near the water surface,this paper proposed a high-maneuverability skipping motion strategy for the tandem twin-rotor AAV,inspired by the motion behavior of the flying fish to avoid aquatic and aerial predators near the water surface.The novel tandem twin-rotor AAV was employed as the research subject and a strategybased ADRC control method for validation,comparing it with a strategy-based PID control method.The results indicate that both control methods enable the designed AAV to achieve high stealth and maneuverability near the water surface with robust control stability.The strategy-based ADRC control method exhibits a certain advantage in controlling height,pitch angle,and reducing impact force.This motion strategy will offer an inspiring approach for the practical application of AAVs to some extent.
基金financially supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3500702)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21677010 and 51808037)Special fund of Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control(No.BZ0344KF21-04).
文摘With the ongoing depletion of fossil fuels,energy and environmental issues have become increasingly critical,necessitating the search for effective solutions.Catalysis,being one of the hallmarks of modern industry,offers a promising avenue for researchers.However,the question of how to significantly enhance the performance of catalysts has gradually drawn the attention of scholars.Defect engineering,a commonly employed and effective approach to improve catalyst activity,has become a significant research focus in the catalysis field in recent years.Nonmetal vacancies have received extensive attention due to their simple form.Consequently,exploration of metal vacancies has remained stagnant for a considerable period,resulting in a scarcity of comprehensive reviews on this topic.Therefore,based on the latest research findings,this paper summarizes and consolidates the construction strategies for metal vacancies,characterization techniques,and their roles in typical energy and environmental catalytic reactions.Additionally,it outlines potential challenges in the future,aiming to provide valuable references for researchers interested in investigating metal vacancies.
基金funding from National Science Foundation of China(52202337 and 22178015)the Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202211082)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023MB051)Independent Innovation Research Project of China University of Petroleum(East China)(22CX06023A).
文摘Layer-structured Ruddlesden–Popper(RP)perovskites(RPPs)with decent stability have captured the imagination of the photovoltaic research community and bring hope for boosting the development of perovskite solar cell(PSC)technology.However,two-dimensional(2D)or quasi-2D RP PSCs are encountered with some challenges of the large exciton binding energy,blocked charge transport and poor film quality,which restrict their photovoltaic performance.Fortunately,these issues can be readily resolved by rationally designing spacer cations of RPPs.This review mainly focuses on how to design the molecular structures of organic spacers and aims to endow RPPs with outstanding photovoltaic applications.We firstly elucidated the important roles of organic spacers in impacting crystallization kinetics,charge transporting ability and stability of RPPs.Then we brought three aspects to attention for designing organic spacers.Finally,we presented the specific molecular structure design strategies for organic spacers of RPPs aiming to improve photovoltaic performance of RP PSCs.These proposed strategies in this review will provide new avenues to develop novel organic spacers for RPPs and advance the development of RPP photovoltaic technology for future applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12301603).
文摘In this paper,we study the optimal investment problem of an insurer whose surplus process follows the diffusion approximation of the classical Cramer-Lundberg model.Investment in the foreign markets is allowed,and therefore,the foreign exchange rate model is incorporated.Under the allowing of selling and borrowing,the problem of maximizing the expected exponential utility of terminal wealth is studied.By solving the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations,the optimal investment strategies and value functions are obtained.Finally,numerical analysis is presented.
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52272225).
文摘Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)has garnered great attentions as a prospective cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by virtue of its decent theoretical capacity,superior ion conductivity and high structural stability.However,the inherently poor electronic conductivity and sluggish sodium-ion diffusion kinetics of NVP material give rise to inferior rate performance and unsatisfactory energy density,which strictly confine its further application in SIBs.Thus,it is of significance to boost the sodium storage performance of NVP cathode material.Up to now,many methods have been developed to optimize the electrochemical performance of NVP cathode material.In this review,the latest advances in optimization strategies for improving the electrochemical performance of NVP cathode material are well summarized and discussed,including carbon coating or modification,foreign-ion doping or substitution and nanostructure and morphology design.The foreign-ion doping or substitution is highlighted,involving Na,V,and PO_(4)^(3−)sites,which include single-site doping,multiple-site doping,single-ion doping,multiple-ion doping and so on.Furthermore,the challenges and prospects of high-performance NVP cathode material are also put forward.It is believed that this review can provide a useful reference for designing and developing high-performance NVP cathode material toward the large-scale application in SIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178361,22378402,52302310)the International Partnership Project of CAS(039GJHZ2022029GC)+5 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0710200)the foundation of the Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IAGM2022D07)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722597)QinChuangYuan Cites High-level Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Programs(QCYRCXM-2022-335)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(G2022KY05111)the Open Project Program of Anhui Province International Research Center on Advanced Building Materials(JZCL2303KF)。
文摘Paired electrosynthesis has received considerable attention as a consequence of simultaneously synthesizing target products at both cathode and anode,whereas the related synthetic efficiency in batch reactors is still undesirable under certain circumstances.Encouragingly,laminar microfluidic reactor offers prospective options that possess controllable flow characteristics such as enhanced mass transport,precise laminar flow control and the ability to expand production scale progressively.In this comprehensive review,the underlying fundamentals of the paired electrosynthesis are initially summarized,followed by categorizing the paired electrosynthesis including parallel paired electrosynthesis,divergent paired electrosynthesis,convergent paired electrosynthesis,sequential paired electrosynthesis and linear paired electrosynthesis.Thereafter,a holistic overview of microfluidic reactor equipment,integral fundamentals and research methodology as well as channel extension and scale-up strategies is proposed.The established fundamentals and evaluated metrics further inspired the applications of microfluidic reactors in paired electrosynthesis.This work stimulated the overwhelming investigation of mechanism discovery,material screening strategies,and device assemblies.
文摘The development of communication networks is currently undergoing a period of transformation.This paper illustrates this transformation from the growth rate of communication users,network bandwidth,and service revenue.We also analyze the shift in the focus of network technology development from aspects such as information sources,mobile terminals,wireless channels,core networks,edge clouds,data perception,and artificial intelligence.Finally,we briefly outline the new paradigm for network research and development(R&D)in the intelligent era.
基金supported by the Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China(2019FY202300)the Biodiversity Survey,Observation and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment(2110404).
文摘The survival strategy of plants is to adjust their functional traits to adapt to the environment.However,these traits and survival strategies of evergreen broad-leaved forest species are not well understood.This study examined 10 leaf functional traits(LFTs)of 70 common plant species in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in Huangshan Mountain to decipher their adaptive strategies.The phylogenetic signals of these LFTs were assessed and phylogenetically independent contrasts(PIC)and correlation analyses were carried out.LFTs were analyzed to determine their CSR(C:competitor,S:stress-tolerator,R:ruderal)strategies.The results show that plant species exhibit different leaf functional traits and ecological strategies(nine strategies were identified;the most abundant were S/CS and S/CSR strategies).Some traits showed significant phylogenetic signals,indicating the effect of phylogeny on LFTs to an extent.Trait variations among species suggest distinct adaptation strategies to environmental changes.The study species were mainly clustered on the C-S strategy axis,with a high S component.Species leaning toward the C-strategy end(e.g.,deciduous species),favored a resource acquisition strategy characterized by higher specific leaf area(SLA),greater nutrient contents(N and P),lower leaf dry matter content(LDMC),and reduced nutrient utilization efficiency(C:N and C:P).Conversely,species closer to the S-strategy end(e.g.,evergreen species)usually adopted a resource conservative strategy with trait combinations contrary to those of C-strategy species.Overall,this study corroborated the applicability of the CSR strategy at a local scale and provides insights into the varied trait combinations and ecological strategies employed by plant species to adapt to their environment.These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in biodiversity maintenance.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51909154)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ship Intelligent Maintenance and Energy Efficiency(No.20DZ2252300).
文摘Using natural gas(NG)as the primary fuel helps alleviate the fossil fuel crisis while reducing engine soot and nitrogen oxide(NO_(X))emissions.In this paper,the influences of a novel split injection concept on an NG high pressure direct injection(HPDI)engine are examined.Four typical split injection strategies,namely split pre-injection of pilot diesel(PD)and NG,split post-injection of PD and NG,split pre-injection of NG,and split post-injection of PD,were developed to investigate the influences on combustion and emissions.Results revealed that split pre injection of NG enhanced the atomization of PD,whereas the split post-injection of NG lowered the temperature in the core region of the PD spray,resulting in the deterioration of combustion.The effect of the split injection strategy on indicated thermal efficiency exceeded 7.5%.Split pre-injection was favorable to enhancing thermal efficiency,whereas split post-injection was not.Ignition delay,combustion duration,and premixed combustion time proportion were affected by injection strategies by 3.8%,50%,and 19.7%,respectively.Split pre-injection increased CH_(4) emission in the exhaust.Split post-injection,especially split post-injection of PD and NG,reduced the unburned CH_(4) emission by approximately 30%.When the split post-injection ratio was less than 30%,the trade-off between NO_(X) and soot was interrupted.The distribution range of hydroxyl radicals was expanded by pre-injection,and NO_(X) was generated in the region where the NG jet hit the wall.This paper provides valuable insights into the optimization of HPDI injection parameters.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100301)Major Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(231100310200)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370426)Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department(202305AH340005),and Dr Plant。
文摘Medicinal and dietary plants provide numerous nutritional and functional compounds and also have various potential health benefits to humanity.The specific and efficient techniques for accurate identification of nutritional compounds and functional metabolites is crucial for the development of functional foods from medicinal and dietary plants.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and mass spectrometry(MS)are indispensable and essential technologies that provide an unsurpassed wealth of untargeted identification,quantitative and qualitative analysis,and structural information in the study of food and plant products.In the past decade,the rapid development of modern analytical technology has led to the emergence of new approaches and strategies for natural products discovery.Especially the application of novel NMRand MS-based identification and dereplication strategies aided by artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have brought about a significant shift in the natural products discovery process.These developments and changes in the natural products filed have given us insights into how to accurately target and mining nutritional,functional,and bioactive compounds.Thus,we have summarized recent research on novel NMR and MS based strategies and methods focusing on functional compounds,accurate identification and efficient discovery mainly in medicinal and dietary plants.This review could provide a comprehensive perspective for a better understanding of novel strategies and methods based on NMR and MS technologies,which could provide valuable insights and ideas for functional compounds mining.
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,2021-I2M-C&TB-030).
文摘It is well-known that elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)is a causal risk factor for atheroscler-otic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD),statins are cornerstone drugs for the cause-based treatment of ASCVD,which has created a new era for ASCVD therapy.However,statin intolerance is not clinically uncommon,which there are several issues with confu-sion and misunderstandings.Hence,a file named Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management Strategy of Pa-tients With Statin Intolerance,like a navigator,has recently been published written by a team of experts from the Cardiovascular Metabolic Medicine Professional Committee,Expert Committee of the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases aiming to en-hance the standardized clinical application of statins and improve the prevention and clinical outcome.In this article,author briefly summarized the key points of above consensus in order to helping to comprehending the content of the consensus sugges-tions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (61761047 and 41876055)Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in University of Yunnan Province。
文摘Aqueous zincion batteries are highly favored for grid-level energy storage owing to their low cost and high safety,but their practical application is limited by slow ion migration.To address this,a strategy has been developed to create a cation-accelerating electric field on the surface of the cathode to achieve ultrafast Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics.By employing electrodeposition to coat MoS_(2)on the surface of BaV_(6)O_(16)·3H_(2)O nanowires,the directional builtin electric field generated at the heterointerface acts as a cation accelerator,continuously accelerating Zn^(2+)diffusion into the active material.The optimized Zn^(2+)diffusion coefficient in CC@BaV-V_(6)O_(16)·3H_(2)@MoS_(2)(7.5×10^(8)cm^(2)s^(-1)) surpasses that of most reported V-based cathodes.Simultaneously,MoS_(2)serving as a cathodic armor extends the cycling life of the Zn-CC@BaV_(6)O_(16)·3H_(2)@MoS_(2)full batteries to over 10000 cycles.This work provides valuable insights into optimizing ion diffusion kinetics for high-performance energy storage devices.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Anhui Province in 2020 under Grant No.202004a05020078China Environment for Network Innovations(CENI)under Grant No.2016-000052-73-01-000515.
文摘As users’access to the network has evolved into the acquisition of mass contents instead of IP addresses,the IP network architecture based on end-to-end communication cannot meet users’needs.Therefore,the Information-Centric Networking(ICN)came into being.From a technical point of view,ICN is a promising future network architecture.Researching and customizing a reasonable pricing mechanism plays a positive role in promoting the deployment of ICN.The current research on ICN pricing mechanism is focused on paid content.Therefore,we study an ICN pricing model for free content,which uses game theory based on Nash equilibrium to analysis.In this work,advertisers are considered,and an advertiser model is established to describe the economic interaction between advertisers and ICN entities.This solution can formulate the best pricing strategy for all ICN entities and maximize the benefits of each entity.Our extensive analysis and numerical results show that the proposed pricing framework is significantly better than existing solutions when it comes to free content.
基金financial support of Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KJZD20230923115005009)Xiangjiang Lab(22XJ01007)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation(NNSF)of China(No.52202269)Shenzhen Science and Technology program(No.20220810155330003)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(NO.KJZD20230923115005009)Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province(No.2022ZDZX3018).
文摘The transition to renewable energy sources has elevated the importance of SIBs(SIBs)as cost-effective alternatives to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)for large-scale energy storage.This review examines the mechanisms of gas generation in SIBs,identifying sources from cathode materials,anode materials,and electrolytes,which pose safety risks like swelling,leakage,and explosions.Gases such as CO_(2),H_(2),and O_(2) primarily arise from the instability of cathode materials,side reactions between electrode and electrolyte,and electrolyte decomposition under high temperatures or voltages.Enhanced mitigation strategies,encompassing electrolyte design,buffer layer construction,and electrode material optimization,are deliberated upon.Accordingly,subsequent research endeavors should prioritize long-term high-precision gas detection to bolster the safety and performance of SIBs,thereby fortifying their commercial viability and furnishing dependable solutions for large-scale energy storage and electric vehicles.
基金funded by the National Key Research Development Program of China(2022YFD1700500)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(6232033).
文摘The flourishing progress in nanotechnology offers boundless opportunities for agriculture,particularly in the realm of nanopesticides research and development.However,concerns have been raised regarding the human and environmental safety issues stemming from the unrestrained use of non-therapeutic nanomaterials in nanopesticides.It is also important to consider whether the current development strategy of nanopesticides based on nanocarriers can strike a balance between investment and return,and if the complex material composition genuinely improves the efficiency,safety,and circularity of nanopesticides.Herein,we introduced the concept of nanopesticides with minimizing carriers(NMC)prepared through prodrug design and molecular self-assembly emerging as practical tools to address the current limitations,and compared it with nanopesticides employing non-therapeutic nanomaterials as carriers(NNC).We further summarized the current development strategy of NMC and examined potential challenges in its preparation,performance,and production.Overall,we asserted that the development of NMC systems can serve as the innovative driving force catalyzing a green and efficient revolution in nanopesticides,offering a way out of the current predicament.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12361095)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20232BAB201028)。
文摘In recent years,the research focus in insurance risk theory has shifted towards multi-type mixed dividend strategies.However,the practical factors and constraints in financial market transactions,such as interest rates,tax rates,and transaction fees,inevitably impact these strategies.By incorporating appropriate constraints,a multi-type mixed strategy can better simulate real-world transactions.Following the approach of Liu et al.[28],we examine a classical compound Poisson risk model that incorporates the constraints of constant interest rates and a periodic-threshold mixed dividend strategy.In this model,the surplus process of insurance companies is influenced by several factors.These factors include constant interest rates,continuously distributed dividends within intervals(threshold dividend strategy),and dividends at discrete time points(periodic dividend strategy).We derive the piecewise integro-differential equations(IDEs)that describe the expected present value of dividends(EPVDs)until ruin time and the Gerber-Shiu expected discounted penalty function.Furthermore,we provide explicit solutions to these IDEs using an alternative method based on the inverse Laplace transform combined with the Dickson-Hipp operator.This enables us to obtain explicit expressions for the dividend and Gerber-Shiu functions.Additionally,we present examples to illustrate the application of our results.
