This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standar...This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
The effect of coix seed flour(0%–25%)on the rheological and structural properties of wheat dough and noodle quality was investigated.The addition of coix seed flour was found to enhance the elasticity of dough,which ...The effect of coix seed flour(0%–25%)on the rheological and structural properties of wheat dough and noodle quality was investigated.The addition of coix seed flour was found to enhance the elasticity of dough,which may be attributed to the fact that small starch particles increase the filling capacity within the dough matrix.This increase subsequently resulted in more complete and uniform structure of dough.Moreover,setback viscosity rose to 1095 cP.The rapid water absorption of coix seed starch led to changes in the secondary structure of proteins in dough.The proportion ofβ-sheet markedly increased,whereas the proportion ofα-helix decreased with increasing level of coix seed flour substitution.Meanwhile,coix seed flour substitution significantly reduced the estimated glycemic index of noodles.Correlation analysis revealed that pasting parameters had significant effects on the evaluation of noodle quality.This study provides a foundation for researchers to substitute wheat flour with coix seed flour.展开更多
Background GOSSYM is a mechanistic,process-based cotton model that can simulate cotton crop growth and development,yield,and fiber quality.Its fiber quality module was developed based on controlled experiments explici...Background GOSSYM is a mechanistic,process-based cotton model that can simulate cotton crop growth and development,yield,and fiber quality.Its fiber quality module was developed based on controlled experiments explicitly conducted on the Texas Marker^(-1)(TM1)variety,potentially making its functional equations more aligned with this cultivar.To assess the model’s broader applicability,this study analyzed fiber quality data from 40 upland cotton cultivars,including TM1.The measured fiber quality from all cultivars was then compared with the modelsimulated fiber quality.Results Among the 40 upland cultivars,fiber strength varied from 28.4 cN·tex^(-1) to 34.6 cN·tex^(-1),fiber length ranged from 27.1 mm to 33.3 mm,micronaire value ranged from 2.7 to 4.6,and length uniformity index varied from 82.3%to 85.5%.The model simulated fiber quality closely matched the measured values for TM1,with the absolute percentage error(APE)being less than 0.92%for fiber strength,fiber length,and length uniformity index and 4.7%for micronaire.However,significant differences were observed for the other cultivars.The Pearson correlation coefficient(r)between the measured and simulated values was negative for all fiber quality traits,and Wilmotts’s index of agreement(WIA)was below 0.45,indicating a strong model bias toward TM1 without incorporating cultivar-specific parameters.After incorporating cultivar-specific parameters,the model’s performance improved significantly,with an average r-value of 0.84 and WIA of 0.88.Conclusions The adopted methodology and estimated cultivar-specific parameters improved the model’s simulation accuracy.This approach can be applied to newer cotton cultivars,enhancing the GOSSYM model’s utility and its applicability for agricultural management and policy decisions.展开更多
Additive Manufacturing(AM)can provide customized parts that conventional techniques fail to deliver.One important parameter in AM is the quality of the parts,as a result of the material extrusion 3D printing(3D-P)proc...Additive Manufacturing(AM)can provide customized parts that conventional techniques fail to deliver.One important parameter in AM is the quality of the parts,as a result of the material extrusion 3D printing(3D-P)procedure.This can be very important in defense-related applications,where optimum performance needs to be guaranteed.The quality of the Polyetherimide 3D-P specimens was examined by considering six control parameters,namely,infill percentage,layer height,deposition angle,travel speed,nozzle,and bed temperature.The quality indicators were the root mean square(Rq)and average(Ra)roughness,porosity,and the actual to nominal dimensional deviation.The examination was performed with optical profilometry,optical microscopy,and micro-computed tomography scanning.The Taguchi design of experiments was applied,with twenty-five runs,five levels for each control parameter,on five replicas.Two additional confirmation runs were conducted,to ensure reliability.Prediction equations were constructed to express the quality indicators in terms of the control parameters.Three modeling approaches were applied to the experimental data,to compare their efficiency,i.e.,Linear Regression Model(LRM),Reduced Quadratic Regression Model,and Quadratic Regression Model(QRM).QRM was the most accurate one,still the differences were not high even considering the simpler LRM model.展开更多
In the implementation of quality function deployment （QFD）, the determination of the target values of engineering characteristics is a complex decision process with multiple variables and multiple objectives that sh...In the implementation of quality function deployment （QFD）, the determination of the target values of engineering characteristics is a complex decision process with multiple variables and multiple objectives that should trade off, and optimize all kinds of conflicts and constraints. A fuzzy linear programming model （FLP） is proposed. On the basis of the inherent fuzziness of QFD system, triangular fuzzy numbers are used to represent all the relationships and correlations, and then, the functional relationships between the customer needs and engineering characteristics and the functional correlations among the engineering characteristics are determined with the information in the house of quality （HoQ） fully used. The fuzzy linear programming （FLP） model aims to find the optimal target values of the engineering characteristics to maximize the customer satisfaction. Finally, the proposed method is illustrated by a numerical example.展开更多
Background:Cotton is a significant economic crop that plays an indispensable role in many domains.Gossypium hirsutum L.is the most important fiber crop worldwide and contributes to more than 95%of global cotto n produ...Background:Cotton is a significant economic crop that plays an indispensable role in many domains.Gossypium hirsutum L.is the most important fiber crop worldwide and contributes to more than 95%of global cotto n production.Identifying stable quantitative trait locus(QTLs)controlling fiber quality and yield related traits are necessary prerequisites for marker-assisted selection(MAS).Results:A genetic linkage map was constructed with 312 simple sequence repeat(SSR)loci and 35 linkage groups using JoinMap 4.0;the map spanned 1 929.9 cM,with an average interval between two markers of 6.19 cM,and covered approximately 43.37%of the cotton genome.A total of 74 QTLs controlling fiber quality and 41 QTLs controlling yield-related traits were identified in 4 segregating generations.These QTLs were distributed across 20 chromosomes and collectively explained 1.01%?27.80%of the observed phenotypic variations.In particular,35 stable QTLs could be identified in multiple generations,25 common QTLs were con sistent with those in previous studies,and 15 QTL clusters were found in 11 chromosome segments.Conclusion:These studies provide a theoretical basis for improving cotton yield and fiber quality for molecular marker-assisted selection.展开更多
Results The population had large variations for lint yield,fibre properties,predicted yarn properties,and composite fibre quality values.Lint yield with all fibre quality traits was not correlated.When the selection w...Results The population had large variations for lint yield,fibre properties,predicted yarn properties,and composite fibre quality values.Lint yield with all fibre quality traits was not correlated.When the selection was conducted first to keep those with improved fibre quality,and followed for high yields,a large proportion in the resultant populations was the same between selections based on Cottonspec predicted yarn quality and HVI-measured fibre properties.They both exceeded the selection based on FQI and Background The approach of directly testing yarn quality to define fibre quality breeding objectives and progress the selection is attractive but difficult when considering the need for time and labour.The question remains whether yarn prediction tools from textile research can serve as an alternative.In this study,using a dataset from three seasons of field testing recombinant inbred line population,Cottonspec,a software developed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO)for predicting ring spun yarn quality from fibre properties measured by High Volume Instrument(HVI),was used to select improved fibre quality and lint yield in the population.The population was derived from an advanced generation inter-crossing of four CSIRO conventional commercial varieties.The Cottonspec program was able to provide an integrated index of the fibre qualities affecting yarn properties.That was compared with selection based on HVI-measured fibre properties,and two composite fibre quality variables,namely,fibre quality index(FQI),and premium and discount(PD)points.The latter represents the net points of fibre length,strength,and micronaire based on the Premiums and Discounts Schedule used in the market while modified by the inclusion of elongation.PD points.Conclusions The population contained elite segregants with improved yield and fibre properties,and Cottonspec predicted yarn quality is useful to effectively capture these elites.There is a need to further develop yarn quality prediction tools through collaborative efforts with textile mills,to draw better connectedness between fibre and yarn quality.This connection will support the entire cotton value chain research and evolution.展开更多
In order to understand how chitosan affects disease resistance and quality of navel orange fruit(Citrussinensis L.osbeck)cv.Newhall after harvest,navel orange fruits were treated with 2 g chitosan/100 g solution for 1...In order to understand how chitosan affects disease resistance and quality of navel orange fruit(Citrussinensis L.osbeck)cv.Newhall after harvest,navel orange fruits were treated with 2 g chitosan/100 g solution for 1 min,and some fruits were taken out,dried naturally and inoculated with Penicillium italicum.Then,the fruits were stored at 20℃and 85%to 95%RH.Results indicated that the disease incidence and the lesion diameter in the chitosan-treated fruit are 72.72%and 90.19%,lower than those in control fruit on the 18^th day of incubation.The chitosan treatment maintains the soluble protein content,total phenolic and flavonoid level of navel orange fruit,which maybe involve in the maintenance of disease resistance of navel orange fruit.Treating navel orange fruit with 2 g chitosan/100 g solution effectively reduces the decrease in the content ofascorbic acid(AsA),water,titratable acidity(TA)and total soluble solids(TSS).These results suggested that the treatment with chitosan coating enhances the disease resistance and exhibits a potential for storage life extension of the navel orange fruit stored at ambient temperature.展开更多
A total of 72 growing-finishing pigs（56 days old） were used to investigate the effects of dietary probiotics on growing performance, pork quality and serum metabolites. Using single factorial experiment design, pigs...A total of 72 growing-finishing pigs（56 days old） were used to investigate the effects of dietary probiotics on growing performance, pork quality and serum metabolites. Using single factorial experiment design, pigs were allotted to three groups（four pens/group and six pigs/pen）. Diet treatments were a corn-soybean meal（control group） and a corn-soybean meal with 1% probiotics（probiotics group） or 80 mg kg-1colistin sulfate（antibiotics group）. Pigs were slaughtered when pigs of the lightest averaged 90 kg（157 days of age）. There was no difference（p＆gt;0.05） in average daily gain or feed/gain, and the average daily feed intake of the antibiotics group was higher than that of the probiotics and the control groups（p＆lt;0.05）. Diet supplemented with probiotics reduced the drip loss and cooking loss of pork（p＆lt;0.05）. Dietary supplementation with probiotics significantly decreased the content of triglycerides, lowdensity lipoprotein and urea nitrogen in serum（p＆lt;0.05）, and increased the content of high-density lipoprotein in serum（p＆lt;0.05）. These results suggested improving effects of dietary probiotics on pork quality and serum metabolism in growing-finishing pigs.展开更多
Real-time ultrasound has been, and will continue to be, one of the most important tools in enhancing genetic improvement in the U.S. Recent advancements in the technology have allowed ultrasound to be used in evaluati...Real-time ultrasound has been, and will continue to be, one of the most important tools in enhancing genetic improvement in the U.S. Recent advancements in the technology have allowed ultrasound to be used in evaluating intramuscular fat in live animals. Together with other genetic improvement tools, ultrasound technology will offer seedstock producers the opportunity to select for improved IMF in potential breeding stock replacements and hence speed genetic progress for the improvement of this trait. After three generations of selection for IMF using real-time ultrasound in an Iowa State University study, the average EBV for select line pigs is 0.83% greater than for control line pigs. Selection for IMF has, however, resulted in slightly more backfat and less loin muscle area, and a trend toward more days to 114 kg in the select line compared to the control line. Carcass evaluation of a sample of pigs from each litter indicated a similar increase in IMF, increase in backfat, and reduction in loin muscle area for select line pigs. No differences were found for Hunter L* color, Minolta reflectance, and ultimate pH.展开更多
This experiment obtained different laser energy density(LED) by changing SLM molding process parameters.The surface morphology, surface quality, and microstructure of as-fabricated samples were studied. The effects of...This experiment obtained different laser energy density(LED) by changing SLM molding process parameters.The surface morphology, surface quality, and microstructure of as-fabricated samples were studied. The effects of scanning speed, hatching space, and laser power on surface quality were analyzed, and the optimal LED range for surface quality was determined. The results show that pores and spherical particles appear on the sample’s surface when low LED is applied, while there are lamellar structures on the sides of the samples. Cracks appear on the sample’s surface,and the splash phenomenon increases when a high LED is taken. At the same time, a large amount of unmelted powder adhered to the side of the sample. The surface quality is the best when the LED is 150-170 J/mm^(3). The preferred hatch space is currently 0.05-0.09 mm, the laser power is 200-350 W, and the average surface roughness value is(15.1±3) μm.The average surface hardness reaches HV404±HV3, higher than the forging standard range of HV340-HV395.Increasing the LED within the experiment range can increase the surface hardness, yet an excessively high LED will not further increase the surface hardness. The microstructure is composed of needle-like α’-phases with a length of about 20μm, in a crisscross ‘N’ shape, when the LED is low. The β-phase grain boundary is not obvious, and the secondaryphase volume fraction is high;when the LED is high, the α’-phase of the microstructure is in the form of coarse slats, and the secondary-phase is composed of a small amount of secondary α’-phase, the tertiary α’-phase and the fourth α’-phase disappear, and the volume fraction of the secondary-phase becomes low.展开更多
The Changsha-Xiangtan-Zhuzhou City Group is a heavy industrial district and accepted as the serious pollution area in the Xiangjiang River basin.In this study,7 metals(Pb,Hg,Cd,As,Zn,Cu and Se)and the river water qual...The Changsha-Xiangtan-Zhuzhou City Group is a heavy industrial district and accepted as the serious pollution area in the Xiangjiang River basin.In this study,7 metals(Pb,Hg,Cd,As,Zn,Cu and Se)and the river water quality parameters including pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),Escherichia coli(E.coli),potassium permanganate index(CODMn),dichromate oxidizability(CODCr),five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5),ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and fluoride(F)in 18 sampling sites of the Changsha-Xiangtan-Zhuzhou section are monthly monitored in 2016,which is the year to step into the second stage of the“Xiangjiang River Heavy Metal Pollution Control Implementation Plan”.It is found that E.coli,TN and TP are the main pollutants in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan section,and the pollution of heavy metal is not serious but As with potential risk to local people especially children should be concerned.In addition,Xiangtan city is mainly featured with heavy metal pollution,while Zhuzhou and Changsha city are both featured with other pollutants from municipal domestic sewage.展开更多
Stability condition and quality evaluation formula of layerlike backfilling roof,Q≥C,where Q denotes is quality index depending on allowable compressive or tensile strength and integrity of backfilling,and C is the t...Stability condition and quality evaluation formula of layerlike backfilling roof,Q≥C,where Q denotes is quality index depending on allowable compressive or tensile strength and integrity of backfilling,and C is the technical index depending on mining method and backfilling technology,were inferred according to simply supported beam theorem.Technical treatment measures for instable backfilling roof,including optimum of appropriate filling materials and dosage for excellent flow property and reduction of backfill cost.It is proved that slope equation of backfill slurry in a stope to be filled is y=hexp[x2/(2σ)2)],where h is height of cone and σ2 is mean square,and that optimum drainage point of backfill slurry can be determined by the equation and sizes of stope.Case study indicates that the results can give a theoretical support for quality evaluation and control of layerlike backfilling.展开更多
Petrographic analysis combined with various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, was used to assess the timing of growth and original mineral cements, the controls on reservoir and r...Petrographic analysis combined with various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, was used to assess the timing of growth and original mineral cements, the controls on reservoir and reservoir quality of the fourth member sandstones of Shahejie formation (Es4). The Es4 sandstones are mostly arkose and lithic arkose, rarely feldspathic litharenite, with an average mass fraction of quartz 51.6%, feldspar 33.8% and rock fragments 14.6% (Q51.6F33.8R14.6). They have an average framework composition (mass fraction) of quartz 57.10%, K-feldspar 5.76%, sodium-calcium feldspar 13.00%, calcite 5.77%, dolomite 5.63%, siderite 0.95%, pyrite 0.30%, anhydrite 0.04%, and clay mineral 11.46%. The diagenentic minerals typically include kaolinite, illite-smectite (I/S), illite, chlorite, authigenetic quartz and feldspar, and carbonate and pyrite. Es4 sandstone has undergone stages A and B of eodiagenesis, and now, it is experiencing stage A of mesodiagenesis. Reservoir quality is predominantly controlled by the mechanical compaction, for example, 45.65% of the original porosity loss is related to compaction. The original porosity loss related with cementation is only 26.00%. The reservoir quality is improved as a result of dissolution of feldspar, rock fragment and so forth. The porosity evolved from dissolution varies from 3% to 4%.展开更多
Multivariate statistical techniques,such as cluster analysis(CA),discriminant analysis(DA),principal component analysis(PCA) and factor analysis(FA),were applied to evaluate and interpret the surface water quality dat...Multivariate statistical techniques,such as cluster analysis(CA),discriminant analysis(DA),principal component analysis(PCA) and factor analysis(FA),were applied to evaluate and interpret the surface water quality data sets of the Second Songhua River(SSHR) basin in China,obtained during two years(2012-2013) of monitoring of 10 physicochemical parameters at 15 different sites.The results showed that most of physicochemical parameters varied significantly among the sampling sites.Three significant groups,highly polluted(HP),moderately polluted(MP) and less polluted(LP),of sampling sites were obtained through Hierarchical agglomerative CA on the basis of similarity of water quality characteristics.DA identified p H,F,DO,NH3-N,COD and VPhs were the most important parameters contributing to spatial variations of surface water quality.However,DA did not give a considerable data reduction(40% reduction).PCA/FA resulted in three,three and four latent factors explaining 70%,62% and 71% of the total variance in water quality data sets of HP,MP and LP regions,respectively.FA revealed that the SSHR water chemistry was strongly affected by anthropogenic activities(point sources:industrial effluents and wastewater treatment plants;non-point sources:domestic sewage,livestock operations and agricultural activities) and natural processes(seasonal effect,and natural inputs).PCA/FA in the whole basin showed the best results for data reduction because it used only two parameters(about 80% reduction) as the most important parameters to explain 72% of the data variation.Thus,this work illustrated the utility of multivariate statistical techniques for analysis and interpretation of datasets and,in water quality assessment,identification of pollution sources/factors and understanding spatial variations in water quality for effective stream water quality management.展开更多
The purpose of this research was to better understand the water quality status of the Xiangjiang River, China, and to evaluate the risks posed by the river water. Precisely, ten water quality parameters including p H,...The purpose of this research was to better understand the water quality status of the Xiangjiang River, China, and to evaluate the risks posed by the river water. Precisely, ten water quality parameters including p H, dissolved oxygen(DO), Escherichia coli(E. coli), potassium permanganate index(CODMn), dichromate oxidizability(CODCr), five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5), ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N), total phosphorus(TP) and fluoride(F-) as well as metal(loid)s(Pb, Hg, Cd, As, Zn, Cu and Se) were monitored monthly in 2016 at 12 sampling sites throughout the Hengyang section of the Xiangjiang River. Concentrations of all parameters were presented according to rainy and dry seasons. They were compared with Chinese surface water standards and WHO drinking water limits to assess the sustainability of the river water status. Principal component analysis(PCA) revealed different pollution sources in different seasons. Dual hierarchical cluster analysis(DHCA) was applied to further classify the water quality variables and sampling sites. Besides, a risk assessment was introduced to evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic concerns of heavy metal(loid)s to human health. This research will help to optimize water monitoring locations and establish pollution reduction strategies on the preservation of public safety.展开更多
To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used....To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used. Drinking water samples from 29 wells in Zhenping County, China, were collected and analyzed. 35 parameters on water quality were selected, such as chloride concentration, sulphate concentration, total hardness, nitrate concentration, fluoride concentration, turbidity, pH, chromium concentration, COD, bacterium amount, total coliforms and color. The best spatial interpolation methods for the 35 parameters were found and selected from all types of interpolation methods in GIS environment according to the minimum cross-validation errors. The ACCA was improved through three strategies, namely mixed distance function, average similitude degree and probability conversion functions. Then, the ACCA was carried out to obtain different water quality grades in the GIS environment. In the end, the result from the ACCA was compared with those from the competitive Hopfield neural network(CHNN) to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the ACCA according to three evaluation indexes, which are stochastic sampling method, pixel amount and convergence speed. It is shown that the spatial water quality grades obtained from the ACCA were more effective, accurate and intelligent than those obtained from the CHNN.展开更多
Objective speech quality is difficult to be measured without the input reference speech.Mapping methods using data mining are investigated and designed to improve the output-based speech quality assessment algorithm.T...Objective speech quality is difficult to be measured without the input reference speech.Mapping methods using data mining are investigated and designed to improve the output-based speech quality assessment algorithm.The degraded speech is firstly separated into three classes(unvoiced,voiced and silence),and then the consistency measurement between the degraded speech signal and the pre-trained reference model for each class is calculated and mapped to an objective speech quality score using data mining.Fuzzy Gaussian mixture model(GMM)is used to generate the artificial reference model trained on perceptual linear predictive(PLP)features.The mean opinion score(MOS)mapping methods including multivariate non-linear regression(MNLR),fuzzy neural network(FNN)and support vector regression(SVR)are designed and compared with the standard ITU-T P.563 method.Experimental results show that the assessment methods with data mining perform better than ITU-T P.563.Moreover,FNN and SVR are more efficient than MNLR,and FNN performs best with 14.50% increase in the correlation coefficient and 32.76% decrease in the root-mean-square MOS error.展开更多
This study proposes a graphical user interface(GUI) based on an enhanced bacterial foraging optimization(EBFO) to find the optimal locations and sizing parameters of multi-type DFACTS in large-scale distribution syste...This study proposes a graphical user interface(GUI) based on an enhanced bacterial foraging optimization(EBFO) to find the optimal locations and sizing parameters of multi-type DFACTS in large-scale distribution systems.The proposed GUI based toolbox,allows the user to choose between single and multiple DFACTS allocations,followed by the type and number of them to be allocated.The EBFO is then applied to obtain optimal locations and ratings of the single and multiple DFACTS.This is found to be faster and provides more accurate results compared to the usual PSO and BFO.Results obtained with MATLAB/Simulink simulations are compared with PSO,BFO and enhanced BFO.It reveals that enhanced BFO shows quick convergence to reach the desired solution there by yielding superior solution quality.Simulation results concluded that the EBFO based multiple DFACTS allocation using DSSSC,APC and DSTATCOM is preferable to reduce power losses,improve load balancing and enhance voltage deviation index to 70%,38% and 132% respectively and also it can improve loading factor without additional power loss.展开更多
文摘This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
文摘The effect of coix seed flour(0%–25%)on the rheological and structural properties of wheat dough and noodle quality was investigated.The addition of coix seed flour was found to enhance the elasticity of dough,which may be attributed to the fact that small starch particles increase the filling capacity within the dough matrix.This increase subsequently resulted in more complete and uniform structure of dough.Moreover,setback viscosity rose to 1095 cP.The rapid water absorption of coix seed starch led to changes in the secondary structure of proteins in dough.The proportion ofβ-sheet markedly increased,whereas the proportion ofα-helix decreased with increasing level of coix seed flour substitution.Meanwhile,coix seed flour substitution significantly reduced the estimated glycemic index of noodles.Correlation analysis revealed that pasting parameters had significant effects on the evaluation of noodle quality.This study provides a foundation for researchers to substitute wheat flour with coix seed flour.
基金supported by United States Department of Agriculture,Agricultural Research Service(No.58-8042-9-072)United States Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture(No.2019-34263-30552)+1 种基金Management Information System(No.043050)United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement(No.58-6066-2-030).
文摘Background GOSSYM is a mechanistic,process-based cotton model that can simulate cotton crop growth and development,yield,and fiber quality.Its fiber quality module was developed based on controlled experiments explicitly conducted on the Texas Marker^(-1)(TM1)variety,potentially making its functional equations more aligned with this cultivar.To assess the model’s broader applicability,this study analyzed fiber quality data from 40 upland cotton cultivars,including TM1.The measured fiber quality from all cultivars was then compared with the modelsimulated fiber quality.Results Among the 40 upland cultivars,fiber strength varied from 28.4 cN·tex^(-1) to 34.6 cN·tex^(-1),fiber length ranged from 27.1 mm to 33.3 mm,micronaire value ranged from 2.7 to 4.6,and length uniformity index varied from 82.3%to 85.5%.The model simulated fiber quality closely matched the measured values for TM1,with the absolute percentage error(APE)being less than 0.92%for fiber strength,fiber length,and length uniformity index and 4.7%for micronaire.However,significant differences were observed for the other cultivars.The Pearson correlation coefficient(r)between the measured and simulated values was negative for all fiber quality traits,and Wilmotts’s index of agreement(WIA)was below 0.45,indicating a strong model bias toward TM1 without incorporating cultivar-specific parameters.After incorporating cultivar-specific parameters,the model’s performance improved significantly,with an average r-value of 0.84 and WIA of 0.88.Conclusions The adopted methodology and estimated cultivar-specific parameters improved the model’s simulation accuracy.This approach can be applied to newer cotton cultivars,enhancing the GOSSYM model’s utility and its applicability for agricultural management and policy decisions.
文摘Additive Manufacturing(AM)can provide customized parts that conventional techniques fail to deliver.One important parameter in AM is the quality of the parts,as a result of the material extrusion 3D printing(3D-P)procedure.This can be very important in defense-related applications,where optimum performance needs to be guaranteed.The quality of the Polyetherimide 3D-P specimens was examined by considering six control parameters,namely,infill percentage,layer height,deposition angle,travel speed,nozzle,and bed temperature.The quality indicators were the root mean square(Rq)and average(Ra)roughness,porosity,and the actual to nominal dimensional deviation.The examination was performed with optical profilometry,optical microscopy,and micro-computed tomography scanning.The Taguchi design of experiments was applied,with twenty-five runs,five levels for each control parameter,on five replicas.Two additional confirmation runs were conducted,to ensure reliability.Prediction equations were constructed to express the quality indicators in terms of the control parameters.Three modeling approaches were applied to the experimental data,to compare their efficiency,i.e.,Linear Regression Model(LRM),Reduced Quadratic Regression Model,and Quadratic Regression Model(QRM).QRM was the most accurate one,still the differences were not high even considering the simpler LRM model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70571041).
文摘In the implementation of quality function deployment （QFD）, the determination of the target values of engineering characteristics is a complex decision process with multiple variables and multiple objectives that should trade off, and optimize all kinds of conflicts and constraints. A fuzzy linear programming model （FLP） is proposed. On the basis of the inherent fuzziness of QFD system, triangular fuzzy numbers are used to represent all the relationships and correlations, and then, the functional relationships between the customer needs and engineering characteristics and the functional correlations among the engineering characteristics are determined with the information in the house of quality （HoQ） fully used. The fuzzy linear programming （FLP） model aims to find the optimal target values of the engineering characteristics to maximize the customer satisfaction. Finally, the proposed method is illustrated by a numerical example.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371668)the National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation project for CAAS(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-ICR)
文摘Background:Cotton is a significant economic crop that plays an indispensable role in many domains.Gossypium hirsutum L.is the most important fiber crop worldwide and contributes to more than 95%of global cotto n production.Identifying stable quantitative trait locus(QTLs)controlling fiber quality and yield related traits are necessary prerequisites for marker-assisted selection(MAS).Results:A genetic linkage map was constructed with 312 simple sequence repeat(SSR)loci and 35 linkage groups using JoinMap 4.0;the map spanned 1 929.9 cM,with an average interval between two markers of 6.19 cM,and covered approximately 43.37%of the cotton genome.A total of 74 QTLs controlling fiber quality and 41 QTLs controlling yield-related traits were identified in 4 segregating generations.These QTLs were distributed across 20 chromosomes and collectively explained 1.01%?27.80%of the observed phenotypic variations.In particular,35 stable QTLs could be identified in multiple generations,25 common QTLs were con sistent with those in previous studies,and 15 QTL clusters were found in 11 chromosome segments.Conclusion:These studies provide a theoretical basis for improving cotton yield and fiber quality for molecular marker-assisted selection.
基金funded through Cotton Breeding Australia,a Joint Venture between CSIRO and Cotton Seed Distributors(Wee Waa,NSW 2388,Australia)。
文摘Results The population had large variations for lint yield,fibre properties,predicted yarn properties,and composite fibre quality values.Lint yield with all fibre quality traits was not correlated.When the selection was conducted first to keep those with improved fibre quality,and followed for high yields,a large proportion in the resultant populations was the same between selections based on Cottonspec predicted yarn quality and HVI-measured fibre properties.They both exceeded the selection based on FQI and Background The approach of directly testing yarn quality to define fibre quality breeding objectives and progress the selection is attractive but difficult when considering the need for time and labour.The question remains whether yarn prediction tools from textile research can serve as an alternative.In this study,using a dataset from three seasons of field testing recombinant inbred line population,Cottonspec,a software developed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO)for predicting ring spun yarn quality from fibre properties measured by High Volume Instrument(HVI),was used to select improved fibre quality and lint yield in the population.The population was derived from an advanced generation inter-crossing of four CSIRO conventional commercial varieties.The Cottonspec program was able to provide an integrated index of the fibre qualities affecting yarn properties.That was compared with selection based on HVI-measured fibre properties,and two composite fibre quality variables,namely,fibre quality index(FQI),and premium and discount(PD)points.The latter represents the net points of fibre length,strength,and micronaire based on the Premiums and Discounts Schedule used in the market while modified by the inclusion of elongation.PD points.Conclusions The population contained elite segregants with improved yield and fibre properties,and Cottonspec predicted yarn quality is useful to effectively capture these elites.There is a need to further develop yarn quality prediction tools through collaborative efforts with textile mills,to draw better connectedness between fibre and yarn quality.This connection will support the entire cotton value chain research and evolution.
文摘In order to understand how chitosan affects disease resistance and quality of navel orange fruit(Citrussinensis L.osbeck)cv.Newhall after harvest,navel orange fruits were treated with 2 g chitosan/100 g solution for 1 min,and some fruits were taken out,dried naturally and inoculated with Penicillium italicum.Then,the fruits were stored at 20℃and 85%to 95%RH.Results indicated that the disease incidence and the lesion diameter in the chitosan-treated fruit are 72.72%and 90.19%,lower than those in control fruit on the 18^th day of incubation.The chitosan treatment maintains the soluble protein content,total phenolic and flavonoid level of navel orange fruit,which maybe involve in the maintenance of disease resistance of navel orange fruit.Treating navel orange fruit with 2 g chitosan/100 g solution effectively reduces the decrease in the content ofascorbic acid(AsA),water,titratable acidity(TA)and total soluble solids(TSS).These results suggested that the treatment with chitosan coating enhances the disease resistance and exhibits a potential for storage life extension of the navel orange fruit stored at ambient temperature.
基金Supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-36)Program for Innovative Research Team of Universities in Heilongjiang Province
文摘A total of 72 growing-finishing pigs（56 days old） were used to investigate the effects of dietary probiotics on growing performance, pork quality and serum metabolites. Using single factorial experiment design, pigs were allotted to three groups（four pens/group and six pigs/pen）. Diet treatments were a corn-soybean meal（control group） and a corn-soybean meal with 1% probiotics（probiotics group） or 80 mg kg-1colistin sulfate（antibiotics group）. Pigs were slaughtered when pigs of the lightest averaged 90 kg（157 days of age）. There was no difference（p＆gt;0.05） in average daily gain or feed/gain, and the average daily feed intake of the antibiotics group was higher than that of the probiotics and the control groups（p＆lt;0.05）. Diet supplemented with probiotics reduced the drip loss and cooking loss of pork（p＆lt;0.05）. Dietary supplementation with probiotics significantly decreased the content of triglycerides, lowdensity lipoprotein and urea nitrogen in serum（p＆lt;0.05）, and increased the content of high-density lipoprotein in serum（p＆lt;0.05）. These results suggested improving effects of dietary probiotics on pork quality and serum metabolism in growing-finishing pigs.
文摘Real-time ultrasound has been, and will continue to be, one of the most important tools in enhancing genetic improvement in the U.S. Recent advancements in the technology have allowed ultrasound to be used in evaluating intramuscular fat in live animals. Together with other genetic improvement tools, ultrasound technology will offer seedstock producers the opportunity to select for improved IMF in potential breeding stock replacements and hence speed genetic progress for the improvement of this trait. After three generations of selection for IMF using real-time ultrasound in an Iowa State University study, the average EBV for select line pigs is 0.83% greater than for control line pigs. Selection for IMF has, however, resulted in slightly more backfat and less loin muscle area, and a trend toward more days to 114 kg in the select line compared to the control line. Carcass evaluation of a sample of pigs from each litter indicated a similar increase in IMF, increase in backfat, and reduction in loin muscle area for select line pigs. No differences were found for Hunter L* color, Minolta reflectance, and ultimate pH.
基金Projects(51975006, 51505006) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘This experiment obtained different laser energy density(LED) by changing SLM molding process parameters.The surface morphology, surface quality, and microstructure of as-fabricated samples were studied. The effects of scanning speed, hatching space, and laser power on surface quality were analyzed, and the optimal LED range for surface quality was determined. The results show that pores and spherical particles appear on the sample’s surface when low LED is applied, while there are lamellar structures on the sides of the samples. Cracks appear on the sample’s surface,and the splash phenomenon increases when a high LED is taken. At the same time, a large amount of unmelted powder adhered to the side of the sample. The surface quality is the best when the LED is 150-170 J/mm^(3). The preferred hatch space is currently 0.05-0.09 mm, the laser power is 200-350 W, and the average surface roughness value is(15.1±3) μm.The average surface hardness reaches HV404±HV3, higher than the forging standard range of HV340-HV395.Increasing the LED within the experiment range can increase the surface hardness, yet an excessively high LED will not further increase the surface hardness. The microstructure is composed of needle-like α’-phases with a length of about 20μm, in a crisscross ‘N’ shape, when the LED is low. The β-phase grain boundary is not obvious, and the secondaryphase volume fraction is high;when the LED is high, the α’-phase of the microstructure is in the form of coarse slats, and the secondary-phase is composed of a small amount of secondary α’-phase, the tertiary α’-phase and the fourth α’-phase disappear, and the volume fraction of the secondary-phase becomes low.
基金Projects(2018YFC1903301,2018YFC1801805)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China
文摘The Changsha-Xiangtan-Zhuzhou City Group is a heavy industrial district and accepted as the serious pollution area in the Xiangjiang River basin.In this study,7 metals(Pb,Hg,Cd,As,Zn,Cu and Se)and the river water quality parameters including pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),Escherichia coli(E.coli),potassium permanganate index(CODMn),dichromate oxidizability(CODCr),five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5),ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and fluoride(F)in 18 sampling sites of the Changsha-Xiangtan-Zhuzhou section are monthly monitored in 2016,which is the year to step into the second stage of the“Xiangjiang River Heavy Metal Pollution Control Implementation Plan”.It is found that E.coli,TN and TP are the main pollutants in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan section,and the pollution of heavy metal is not serious but As with potential risk to local people especially children should be concerned.In addition,Xiangtan city is mainly featured with heavy metal pollution,while Zhuzhou and Changsha city are both featured with other pollutants from municipal domestic sewage.
基金Project(50490270) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Stability condition and quality evaluation formula of layerlike backfilling roof,Q≥C,where Q denotes is quality index depending on allowable compressive or tensile strength and integrity of backfilling,and C is the technical index depending on mining method and backfilling technology,were inferred according to simply supported beam theorem.Technical treatment measures for instable backfilling roof,including optimum of appropriate filling materials and dosage for excellent flow property and reduction of backfill cost.It is proved that slope equation of backfill slurry in a stope to be filled is y=hexp[x2/(2σ)2)],where h is height of cone and σ2 is mean square,and that optimum drainage point of backfill slurry can be determined by the equation and sizes of stope.Case study indicates that the results can give a theoretical support for quality evaluation and control of layerlike backfilling.
基金Project(2006AA09Z336) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘Petrographic analysis combined with various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, was used to assess the timing of growth and original mineral cements, the controls on reservoir and reservoir quality of the fourth member sandstones of Shahejie formation (Es4). The Es4 sandstones are mostly arkose and lithic arkose, rarely feldspathic litharenite, with an average mass fraction of quartz 51.6%, feldspar 33.8% and rock fragments 14.6% (Q51.6F33.8R14.6). They have an average framework composition (mass fraction) of quartz 57.10%, K-feldspar 5.76%, sodium-calcium feldspar 13.00%, calcite 5.77%, dolomite 5.63%, siderite 0.95%, pyrite 0.30%, anhydrite 0.04%, and clay mineral 11.46%. The diagenentic minerals typically include kaolinite, illite-smectite (I/S), illite, chlorite, authigenetic quartz and feldspar, and carbonate and pyrite. Es4 sandstone has undergone stages A and B of eodiagenesis, and now, it is experiencing stage A of mesodiagenesis. Reservoir quality is predominantly controlled by the mechanical compaction, for example, 45.65% of the original porosity loss is related to compaction. The original porosity loss related with cementation is only 26.00%. The reservoir quality is improved as a result of dissolution of feldspar, rock fragment and so forth. The porosity evolved from dissolution varies from 3% to 4%.
基金Project (2012ZX07501002-001) supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘Multivariate statistical techniques,such as cluster analysis(CA),discriminant analysis(DA),principal component analysis(PCA) and factor analysis(FA),were applied to evaluate and interpret the surface water quality data sets of the Second Songhua River(SSHR) basin in China,obtained during two years(2012-2013) of monitoring of 10 physicochemical parameters at 15 different sites.The results showed that most of physicochemical parameters varied significantly among the sampling sites.Three significant groups,highly polluted(HP),moderately polluted(MP) and less polluted(LP),of sampling sites were obtained through Hierarchical agglomerative CA on the basis of similarity of water quality characteristics.DA identified p H,F,DO,NH3-N,COD and VPhs were the most important parameters contributing to spatial variations of surface water quality.However,DA did not give a considerable data reduction(40% reduction).PCA/FA resulted in three,three and four latent factors explaining 70%,62% and 71% of the total variance in water quality data sets of HP,MP and LP regions,respectively.FA revealed that the SSHR water chemistry was strongly affected by anthropogenic activities(point sources:industrial effluents and wastewater treatment plants;non-point sources:domestic sewage,livestock operations and agricultural activities) and natural processes(seasonal effect,and natural inputs).PCA/FA in the whole basin showed the best results for data reduction because it used only two parameters(about 80% reduction) as the most important parameters to explain 72% of the data variation.Thus,this work illustrated the utility of multivariate statistical techniques for analysis and interpretation of datasets and,in water quality assessment,identification of pollution sources/factors and understanding spatial variations in water quality for effective stream water quality management.
基金Projects(2018YFC1801805,2018YFC1903301)supported by National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(51825403)supported by National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,ChinaProject(2019SK2281)supported by Key R&D Program of Hunan Province,China。
文摘The purpose of this research was to better understand the water quality status of the Xiangjiang River, China, and to evaluate the risks posed by the river water. Precisely, ten water quality parameters including p H, dissolved oxygen(DO), Escherichia coli(E. coli), potassium permanganate index(CODMn), dichromate oxidizability(CODCr), five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5), ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N), total phosphorus(TP) and fluoride(F-) as well as metal(loid)s(Pb, Hg, Cd, As, Zn, Cu and Se) were monitored monthly in 2016 at 12 sampling sites throughout the Hengyang section of the Xiangjiang River. Concentrations of all parameters were presented according to rainy and dry seasons. They were compared with Chinese surface water standards and WHO drinking water limits to assess the sustainability of the river water status. Principal component analysis(PCA) revealed different pollution sources in different seasons. Dual hierarchical cluster analysis(DHCA) was applied to further classify the water quality variables and sampling sites. Besides, a risk assessment was introduced to evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic concerns of heavy metal(loid)s to human health. This research will help to optimize water monitoring locations and establish pollution reduction strategies on the preservation of public safety.
基金Projects(41161020,41261026) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BQD2012013) supported by the Research starting Funds for Imported Talents,Ningxia University,China+1 种基金Project(ZR1209) supported by the Natural Science Funds,Ningxia University,ChinaProject(NGY2013005) supported by the Key Science Project of Colleges and Universities in Ningxia,China
文摘To develop a better approach for spatial evaluation of drinking water quality, an intelligent evaluation method integrating a geographical information system(GIS) and an ant colony clustering algorithm(ACCA) was used. Drinking water samples from 29 wells in Zhenping County, China, were collected and analyzed. 35 parameters on water quality were selected, such as chloride concentration, sulphate concentration, total hardness, nitrate concentration, fluoride concentration, turbidity, pH, chromium concentration, COD, bacterium amount, total coliforms and color. The best spatial interpolation methods for the 35 parameters were found and selected from all types of interpolation methods in GIS environment according to the minimum cross-validation errors. The ACCA was improved through three strategies, namely mixed distance function, average similitude degree and probability conversion functions. Then, the ACCA was carried out to obtain different water quality grades in the GIS environment. In the end, the result from the ACCA was compared with those from the competitive Hopfield neural network(CHNN) to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the ACCA according to three evaluation indexes, which are stochastic sampling method, pixel amount and convergence speed. It is shown that the spatial water quality grades obtained from the ACCA were more effective, accurate and intelligent than those obtained from the CHNN.
基金Projects(61001188,1161140319)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012ZX03001034)supported by the National Science and Technology Major ProjectProject(YETP1202)supported by Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project,China
文摘Objective speech quality is difficult to be measured without the input reference speech.Mapping methods using data mining are investigated and designed to improve the output-based speech quality assessment algorithm.The degraded speech is firstly separated into three classes(unvoiced,voiced and silence),and then the consistency measurement between the degraded speech signal and the pre-trained reference model for each class is calculated and mapped to an objective speech quality score using data mining.Fuzzy Gaussian mixture model(GMM)is used to generate the artificial reference model trained on perceptual linear predictive(PLP)features.The mean opinion score(MOS)mapping methods including multivariate non-linear regression(MNLR),fuzzy neural network(FNN)and support vector regression(SVR)are designed and compared with the standard ITU-T P.563 method.Experimental results show that the assessment methods with data mining perform better than ITU-T P.563.Moreover,FNN and SVR are more efficient than MNLR,and FNN performs best with 14.50% increase in the correlation coefficient and 32.76% decrease in the root-mean-square MOS error.
基金Project supported by Borujerd Branch,Islamic Azad University,Iran
文摘This study proposes a graphical user interface(GUI) based on an enhanced bacterial foraging optimization(EBFO) to find the optimal locations and sizing parameters of multi-type DFACTS in large-scale distribution systems.The proposed GUI based toolbox,allows the user to choose between single and multiple DFACTS allocations,followed by the type and number of them to be allocated.The EBFO is then applied to obtain optimal locations and ratings of the single and multiple DFACTS.This is found to be faster and provides more accurate results compared to the usual PSO and BFO.Results obtained with MATLAB/Simulink simulations are compared with PSO,BFO and enhanced BFO.It reveals that enhanced BFO shows quick convergence to reach the desired solution there by yielding superior solution quality.Simulation results concluded that the EBFO based multiple DFACTS allocation using DSSSC,APC and DSTATCOM is preferable to reduce power losses,improve load balancing and enhance voltage deviation index to 70%,38% and 132% respectively and also it can improve loading factor without additional power loss.
