Deformation characteristics of light weight soil with different EPS (expanded polystyrene) sizes were investigated by consolidation tests.The results show that the confined stress-strain relation curve is in S shape,w...Deformation characteristics of light weight soil with different EPS (expanded polystyrene) sizes were investigated by consolidation tests.The results show that the confined stress-strain relation curve is in S shape,which has a good homologous relation with e-p curve and e-lgp curve,and three types of curves reflect obvious structural characteristics of light weight soil.When cement mixed ratio and EPS volume ratio are the same for different specimens,structural strength decreases with the increase of EPS size,but compressibility indexes basically keep unchanged within the structural strength.The settlement of light weight soil can be divided into instantaneous settlement and primary consolidation settlement.It has no obvious rheology property,and 90% of total consolidation deformation can be finished in 1 min.Settlement-time relation of light weight soil can be predicted by the hyperbolic model.S-lgt curve of light weight soil is not in anti-S shape.It is proved that there is no secondary consolidation section,so consolidation coefficient cannot be obtained by time logarithm method.Structural strength and unit price decrease with the increase of EPS size,but the reducing rate of the structural strength is lower than that of the unit price,so the cost of mixed soil can be reduced by increasing the EPS size.The EPS beads with 3-5 mm in diameter are suggested to be used in the construction process,and the prescription of mixed soil can be optimized.展开更多
Through direct shear and triaxial compression tests, effects of expanded polystyrene (EPS) mass ratios in sand-EPS mixtures and stress status on materials' shear behavior were investigated. Hyperbolic curves were ...Through direct shear and triaxial compression tests, effects of expanded polystyrene (EPS) mass ratios in sand-EPS mixtures and stress status on materials' shear behavior were investigated. Hyperbolic curves were used to fit relationship between shear stress and shear displacement. The shear behavior is marginally associated with the EPS ratios and normal/confining stresses. Increases of EPS ratios and decreases of normal/confining stresses result in shear strength decreases. The shapes of Mohr-Coulomb's envelope include linear and piecewise linear types, which are basically determined by the EPS ratio. Such difference is thought related to the embedding or apparent cohesion effect under relatively high EPS ratio conditions. Shear strength parameters can be used for further modeling and design purposes.展开更多
Broadband Mie scattering is used to determine the parameters of polystyrene aerosol beads in air,such as size and wavelength dependence of refractive index.This method consists in the selection of such parameters of t...Broadband Mie scattering is used to determine the parameters of polystyrene aerosol beads in air,such as size and wavelength dependence of refractive index.This method consists in the selection of such parameters of the scattering object,which reproduce observed spectrum properties.That is why it is very sensitive and hence very precise.We found that there is an ambiguity of polystyrene aerosol beads properties,determined with this method.Different combinations of polystyrene particle size and its refractive index can give the same position of Mie resonances.This ambiguity leads to an increase in the error in determining the size and refractive index of the particle.The refined errors are calculated and the way of their reduction is indicated.展开更多
The relationship between rheological properties and morphology of immiscible polystyrene(PS)/poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) blends was studied.The blends were prepared using a twin screw extruder.A single screw extru...The relationship between rheological properties and morphology of immiscible polystyrene(PS)/poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) blends was studied.The blends were prepared using a twin screw extruder.A single screw extruder equipped with a slit die was used to perform shear flow measurements of PS/PMMA blends.Morphological examinations were conducted on the cryogenically fractured and extracted samples by scanning electron microscopy.The results show that the melt viscosity of PS/PMMA blend decreases with increasing shear stress,which is attributed to not only the disentanglement of macromolecules but also the reduction in the domain size and the resultant increase of the interfacial area.The power-law index of the blend melt is lower than any of its component melt,suggesting that deformation and breakup of the dispersed phase increase the dependence of the melt viscosity on the shear stress.The blend whose domain size decreases at a faster rate with increasing shear stress,exhibits a strong shear rate dependence on the melt viscosity.The comparison of the morphologies of samples before and after the slit section of the die indicates that the morphology of the blend has a quick response to shear flow,the coalescence of the dispersed drops is predominant for blends at low shear rates.展开更多
Uniform polystyrene hollow particles were prepared successfully by employing SPG (Shirasu porous glass) emulsification technique. The oil phase composed of monomer [styrene (St) and N,N’-dimethylamino ethylmethacryla...Uniform polystyrene hollow particles were prepared successfully by employing SPG (Shirasu porous glass) emulsification technique. The oil phase composed of monomer [styrene (St) and N,N’-dimethylamino ethylmethacrylate (DMAEMA)], hexadecane (HD) and initiator was permeated through the uniform pores of SPG membrane into the aqueous phase (containing stabilizer, emulsifier and water-soluble inhibitor ) by a gas pressure to form uniform droplets. The droplets were then polymerized at 70℃. It was found that the hollow particles were obtained by adding a small amount of DMAEMA into the oil phase and by using NaNo2 as the water-soluble inhibitor, while only one-hole particles were obtained without adding DMAEMA, or when using diaminophenylene (DAP) or hydroquinone (HQ) as the inhibitor. The formation mechanism was discussed by the view of interfacial tensions between polymer and aqueous phase, HD and aqueous phase, and HD and polymer. Further more, it was found that hollow particles can be obtained even when DMAEMA content in the oil phase was very low, by increasing HD to high value.展开更多
Electrospinning is a simple technique used to fabricate polymeric nano-fibrous membranes.These nano-fibers have found a wide range of valuable applications in the biomedical field.However,it has not been utilized with...Electrospinning is a simple technique used to fabricate polymeric nano-fibrous membranes.These nano-fibers have found a wide range of valuable applications in the biomedical field.However,it has not been utilized with solid high explosives yet.Herein,the electrospinning technique has been used to fabricate polystyrene(PS)/1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane(RDX)composite nanofibers.The governed electrospinning parameters,voltage,distance from the collector,flow rate,mandrel rotating speed,time,and solution concentration,that greatly affect the morphology of the obtained nanofibers were optimized.The fabricated PS/RDX nano-fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),and Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.The impact and friction sensitivities of PS/RDX were also measured.The thermal behavior of the prepared composite and the pure materials were studied by the thermal gravimetric analysis technique(TGA).SEM results proved the fabrication of PS/RDX fibers in the nano-size via electrospinning.FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the existence of the characteristic functional groups of both PS and RDX in the composite nano-fibers.XRD sharp peaks showed the conversion of amorphous PS into crystalline shape via electrospinning and also confirmed the formation of PS/RDX composite.The PS fibers absorbed the heat and increased the onset decomposition of the pure RDX from 181.5 to 200.7℃in the case of PS/RDX fibers.Interestingly,PS/RDX nano-fibers showed the relatively low impact and friction sensitivities of 100 J and 360 N respectively.These results could introduce PS/RDX nanofibrous composite in the field of explosives detection with high levels of safety.展开更多
Molybdenum and tungsten components in catalysts Bu<sub>4</sub>N〔Mo（CO）<sub>5</sub>Cl〕-EtAlCl<sub>2</sub>andWCl<sub>6</sub>-Bu<sub>4</sub>Sn were immobili...Molybdenum and tungsten components in catalysts Bu<sub>4</sub>N〔Mo（CO）<sub>5</sub>Cl〕-EtAlCl<sub>2</sub>andWCl<sub>6</sub>-Bu<sub>4</sub>Sn were immobilized respectively on polymers.The influence of immobilization ofthe soluble catalysts on their catalytic behavior in the metathesis of 1—hexene was investi-gated.It has been found that polystyrene is a good supporting material among all thepolymers tested.The immobilized catalysts have higher stability and better selectivity incomparison with their homogeneous equivalents.The metathesis yield of 1-hexene is in-creased by fourfold with WCl<sub>6</sub>immobilized on polystyrene.The reason for the increase ofstability of the immobilized catalyst is discussed.展开更多
基金Project(2012JQ7013)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,ChinaProject(QN2012025)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of ChinaProject(2011BSJJ084)supported by Research Foundation of Northwest A&F University,China
文摘Deformation characteristics of light weight soil with different EPS (expanded polystyrene) sizes were investigated by consolidation tests.The results show that the confined stress-strain relation curve is in S shape,which has a good homologous relation with e-p curve and e-lgp curve,and three types of curves reflect obvious structural characteristics of light weight soil.When cement mixed ratio and EPS volume ratio are the same for different specimens,structural strength decreases with the increase of EPS size,but compressibility indexes basically keep unchanged within the structural strength.The settlement of light weight soil can be divided into instantaneous settlement and primary consolidation settlement.It has no obvious rheology property,and 90% of total consolidation deformation can be finished in 1 min.Settlement-time relation of light weight soil can be predicted by the hyperbolic model.S-lgt curve of light weight soil is not in anti-S shape.It is proved that there is no secondary consolidation section,so consolidation coefficient cannot be obtained by time logarithm method.Structural strength and unit price decrease with the increase of EPS size,but the reducing rate of the structural strength is lower than that of the unit price,so the cost of mixed soil can be reduced by increasing the EPS size.The EPS beads with 3-5 mm in diameter are suggested to be used in the construction process,and the prescription of mixed soil can be optimized.
基金Project(50708031) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, SEM
文摘Through direct shear and triaxial compression tests, effects of expanded polystyrene (EPS) mass ratios in sand-EPS mixtures and stress status on materials' shear behavior were investigated. Hyperbolic curves were used to fit relationship between shear stress and shear displacement. The shear behavior is marginally associated with the EPS ratios and normal/confining stresses. Increases of EPS ratios and decreases of normal/confining stresses result in shear strength decreases. The shapes of Mohr-Coulomb's envelope include linear and piecewise linear types, which are basically determined by the EPS ratio. Such difference is thought related to the embedding or apparent cohesion effect under relatively high EPS ratio conditions. Shear strength parameters can be used for further modeling and design purposes.
文摘Broadband Mie scattering is used to determine the parameters of polystyrene aerosol beads in air,such as size and wavelength dependence of refractive index.This method consists in the selection of such parameters of the scattering object,which reproduce observed spectrum properties.That is why it is very sensitive and hence very precise.We found that there is an ambiguity of polystyrene aerosol beads properties,determined with this method.Different combinations of polystyrene particle size and its refractive index can give the same position of Mie resonances.This ambiguity leads to an increase in the error in determining the size and refractive index of the particle.The refined errors are calculated and the way of their reduction is indicated.
基金Project(06Y010) supported by the Talent Recruitment FoundationProject(07043B) supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Central South University of Forestry and Technology
文摘The relationship between rheological properties and morphology of immiscible polystyrene(PS)/poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) blends was studied.The blends were prepared using a twin screw extruder.A single screw extruder equipped with a slit die was used to perform shear flow measurements of PS/PMMA blends.Morphological examinations were conducted on the cryogenically fractured and extracted samples by scanning electron microscopy.The results show that the melt viscosity of PS/PMMA blend decreases with increasing shear stress,which is attributed to not only the disentanglement of macromolecules but also the reduction in the domain size and the resultant increase of the interfacial area.The power-law index of the blend melt is lower than any of its component melt,suggesting that deformation and breakup of the dispersed phase increase the dependence of the melt viscosity on the shear stress.The blend whose domain size decreases at a faster rate with increasing shear stress,exhibits a strong shear rate dependence on the melt viscosity.The comparison of the morphologies of samples before and after the slit section of the die indicates that the morphology of the blend has a quick response to shear flow,the coalescence of the dispersed drops is predominant for blends at low shear rates.
文摘Uniform polystyrene hollow particles were prepared successfully by employing SPG (Shirasu porous glass) emulsification technique. The oil phase composed of monomer [styrene (St) and N,N’-dimethylamino ethylmethacrylate (DMAEMA)], hexadecane (HD) and initiator was permeated through the uniform pores of SPG membrane into the aqueous phase (containing stabilizer, emulsifier and water-soluble inhibitor ) by a gas pressure to form uniform droplets. The droplets were then polymerized at 70℃. It was found that the hollow particles were obtained by adding a small amount of DMAEMA into the oil phase and by using NaNo2 as the water-soluble inhibitor, while only one-hole particles were obtained without adding DMAEMA, or when using diaminophenylene (DAP) or hydroquinone (HQ) as the inhibitor. The formation mechanism was discussed by the view of interfacial tensions between polymer and aqueous phase, HD and aqueous phase, and HD and polymer. Further more, it was found that hollow particles can be obtained even when DMAEMA content in the oil phase was very low, by increasing HD to high value.
文摘Electrospinning is a simple technique used to fabricate polymeric nano-fibrous membranes.These nano-fibers have found a wide range of valuable applications in the biomedical field.However,it has not been utilized with solid high explosives yet.Herein,the electrospinning technique has been used to fabricate polystyrene(PS)/1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane(RDX)composite nanofibers.The governed electrospinning parameters,voltage,distance from the collector,flow rate,mandrel rotating speed,time,and solution concentration,that greatly affect the morphology of the obtained nanofibers were optimized.The fabricated PS/RDX nano-fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),and Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.The impact and friction sensitivities of PS/RDX were also measured.The thermal behavior of the prepared composite and the pure materials were studied by the thermal gravimetric analysis technique(TGA).SEM results proved the fabrication of PS/RDX fibers in the nano-size via electrospinning.FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the existence of the characteristic functional groups of both PS and RDX in the composite nano-fibers.XRD sharp peaks showed the conversion of amorphous PS into crystalline shape via electrospinning and also confirmed the formation of PS/RDX composite.The PS fibers absorbed the heat and increased the onset decomposition of the pure RDX from 181.5 to 200.7℃in the case of PS/RDX fibers.Interestingly,PS/RDX nano-fibers showed the relatively low impact and friction sensitivities of 100 J and 360 N respectively.These results could introduce PS/RDX nanofibrous composite in the field of explosives detection with high levels of safety.
基金This work was supported by Science Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Molybdenum and tungsten components in catalysts Bu<sub>4</sub>N〔Mo（CO）<sub>5</sub>Cl〕-EtAlCl<sub>2</sub>andWCl<sub>6</sub>-Bu<sub>4</sub>Sn were immobilized respectively on polymers.The influence of immobilization ofthe soluble catalysts on their catalytic behavior in the metathesis of 1—hexene was investi-gated.It has been found that polystyrene is a good supporting material among all thepolymers tested.The immobilized catalysts have higher stability and better selectivity incomparison with their homogeneous equivalents.The metathesis yield of 1-hexene is in-creased by fourfold with WCl<sub>6</sub>immobilized on polystyrene.The reason for the increase ofstability of the immobilized catalyst is discussed.
