The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect and the potential mechanism of administering a pGRF gene plasmid on the growth and immunological function of weanling piglets subjected to immune-stress.Eighteen we...The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect and the potential mechanism of administering a pGRF gene plasmid on the growth and immunological function of weanling piglets subjected to immune-stress.Eighteen weanling(Duroc×Landrace×Large White) piglets aged 35 d±2 d and initial BW of 7.86 kg±0.59 kg were randomly assigned to three treatments according to gender and BW by using a single factor design.The three treatments were injections of a pGRF gene plasmid,pGRF gene plasmid followed by challenge with lipopolysaccharide(LPS),and LPS to piglets not receiving the plasmid.Each treatment group consisted of six piglets.The results were as follows:piglets in the pGRF gene plasmid plus LPS treatment had a better growth performance than those only receiving LPS(P【0.05), and F/G of piglets in the pGRF gene plasmid plus LPS group were very slightly lower(P】0.05) than those in the LPS group;serum levels of IGF-1 in the pGRF gene plasmid plus LPS group were significantly higher than those in the LPS group(P【0.05 or P【0.01);serum levels of IgG in the pGRF gene plasmid plus LPS group were higher than those in the LPS group(P【0.05);serum levels of IL-1 and IL-6 in the pGRF gene plasmid plus LPS group were significantly lower than those in the LPS group(P【0.05 or P【0.01).展开更多
This purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of soybean active peptides (SAP) in 14-day old early weaned piglets feed. Eighteen crossbreed piglets Duroc ×Landrace ×Yorkshire (14-day old) were randomly divided i...This purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of soybean active peptides (SAP) in 14-day old early weaned piglets feed. Eighteen crossbreed piglets Duroc ×Landrace ×Yorkshire (14-day old) were randomly divided into three groups with six piglets each group. Control was fed with 8% animal plasma (AP). Trial 1 was fed with 4.9% AP and 4.9% SAP. Trial 2 was fed with 12.62% SAP. This raising period was 30 days and divided into three periods with earlier period (0-15 days), latter period (16-30 days) and whole period (0-30 days). The results showed that average daily gains (ADG) in trial 1 were increased 16.33%, 12.64% and 13.94% (P >0.05) and Efficiency of feed conversions (EFC) improved 17.35%, 11.40% and 13.46% than control in respective periods; ADG in trial 2 were reduced 12.24%, increased 4.21% and reduced 0.40% (P>0.05) and EFC were improved 19.81%, 13.08% and 15.76% than control in respective periods. Means of TG and LDL-C/ HDL-C in trial 1 were lowest in three groups and reduced 6.54% (P >0.05) and 0.96% than control. Means of TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, LDL-C/ HDL-C were the highest in trial 2 among three groups and increased 8.93% (P >0.05), 39.69% (P <0.05), 34.94% (P >0.05), 27.31% (P >0.05) and 5.96% than control respectively. It was concluded that substituting part Ap for SAP in 14-day old piglets Feed was practicable.展开更多
The feed additive was composed of six Chinese Herbal（CH）（including Poria, Astragalus, Cork, Orange peel, Hawthorn and Radix）, which were fermented by Lactobacillus and used as a feed additive for piglets basal die...The feed additive was composed of six Chinese Herbal（CH）（including Poria, Astragalus, Cork, Orange peel, Hawthorn and Radix）, which were fermented by Lactobacillus and used as a feed additive for piglets basal diet. Similar to group of antibiotic and herbal medicine, fermented herbal medicine was additived to basic diet in four trials with eight replications per trial, determining effect on the growth performance, biochemical and immunological indicators. Compared with the control group, the group of fermented herbal compound had higher Average Daily Gain（ADG）, higher content of immune globulin M（IgM） and immune globulin A（Ig A）（p〈0.05）. There was no significant effect on the indicators of ADG, Average Daily Feed Intake（ADFI） and diarrhea rate（p〉0.05） between groups of antibiotic and fermented herbal were observed; however, the concentrations of Total Protein（TP）, Growth Hormone（GH）, IgG, IgM and IgA significantly increased（p〈0.05） compared with the control group.展开更多
The number of birth per year was an important indicator of the sow＇s productivity and it was related to the duration of breasffeeding. Weaning had been shown to be a stressful period. The weaning age had declined ove...The number of birth per year was an important indicator of the sow＇s productivity and it was related to the duration of breasffeeding. Weaning had been shown to be a stressful period. The weaning age had declined over time in order to increase sow productivity and the fact that weaning under modern-day commercial conditions inflicted stress （environmental, nutritional and psychological/social） on pigs and associated with marked changes in gastrointestinal tract （GIT） physiology, microbiology and immunology. However, the early weaning resulted in post-weaning diarrhea, mainly related to intestinal dysbiosis during this rapid adaptation to the new diet. The environment and feed had influence on physiology, gut morphology, immune system and diseases of weaned piglets.展开更多
A significant reduction of trypsin inhibitory activity by selected bacterial proteolytic enzymes was demonstrated in vitro.Two trials were conducted to examine the capacity of the tested enzymes to inactivate soybean ...A significant reduction of trypsin inhibitory activity by selected bacterial proteolytic enzymes was demonstrated in vitro.Two trials were conducted to examine the capacity of the tested enzymes to inactivate soybean ANFs in vivo.In trial I,twenty four piglets weaned at four weeks of age were assigned in replicate groups of 4 piglets per pen to one of three dietary treatments:(1)control;(2)Enzyme 1 supplemented(E 1);(3)Enzyme 2 supplemented (E 2).In trial II,twenty piglets weaned at five weeks of age were alloted to five treatment diets:(1)contro,l:(2)0.1% P4 supplemented;(3)0.5% P4 supplemented;(4)0.1% P7 supplemented;(5)0.5% P7 supplemented.The optimum pH for hydrolysis was 8 for E ,9 11 for E 2,8.5 for P4 and nuctral for P7.After 17 days of the trial,daily gain of piglets on enzymes E 1 and E 2 was 36% and 18% more than that in the control group,although the difference was not significant.The animals on the treated groups had a tendency to have lighter heart(7.8 and 5.9%),spleen(11.1 and 7.4%) and pancreas(16.7 and 12.5% for E 1 and E 2 respectively)in relation to empty body weight than those in the control.The small intestine of pigs on the treated groups was significantly lighter(18.9 for E 1 and 7.7% for E 2) than that in the control(P<0.05).The stomach (26.4 and 24%,p=0.198) and cecum(21.9 and 9.4%,p=0.114) also showed the same pattern.The growth depression was attributed to reduced feed intake caused by antinutritional factors in soybeans.It is concluded that supplements of proteolytic enzymes E 1 or E 2 had a positive effect on growth and efficiency and caused much less reaction in the gut as manifested by the weight of the tract and of its accessory organs.Dietary saupplements of P4 or P7 had no significant effect on growth,but reduced reaction of soybean antinutritional factors in the gut,especialy P4 in dose of 0.5%.The growth depression was attributed to low feed intake caused by antinutritional factors in soybeans.展开更多
Two experiments were carried out to study the grunting of sows during nursing and the sucking behaviour of piglets. In experimental Ⅰ,six Yorkshire sows and their litters were observed and managed in farrowing crate...Two experiments were carried out to study the grunting of sows during nursing and the sucking behaviour of piglets. In experimental Ⅰ,six Yorkshire sows and their litters were observed and managed in farrowing crates.In experimental Ⅱ,six Harbin White sows and their litters were selected and housed in farrowing pens.The behaviours and activities of the sows during nursing and the activities of piglets during sucking were recorded with a portable video camera(Panasonic NV-VX22EN) The results showed that the characteristic patterns of grunting by the sows consist of an initial period of rhythmic grunting at a fairly constant rate and followed by a period of more rapid grunting,and then a decline in grunting rate toward the completion of nursing.The pattern of vocalization showed by the mothers bears a reliable synchronization to the sucking behaviour of the piglets.The rate of grunting varied little during jostling for teat and nosing the udder.The beginning of slow sucking usually occurred during or just after the increase in grunt rate.The rapid sucking began 15～25 seconds after the period of most rapid grunting,following the decrease of grunt rate.afterwards the nursing ended.There were individualities found in sows'grunting patterns. It is found that vocalizations attracted the piglets to the sows and synchronized sucking activities of piglets,but the results indicated that the premassaging time and numbers of piglets engaging massaging influenced the grunting pattern and the onset of the milk ejection.As more piglets were involved the massaging,the higher the grunting rate peak,the faster the milk ejection.展开更多
Usual clinieal methods were used to determine the concentrations of scrum protein, albumin and globulin in Xiang piglets from the 1st month to the 6th month of age. Thirteen piglcts(cight males and five females) born ...Usual clinieal methods were used to determine the concentrations of scrum protein, albumin and globulin in Xiang piglets from the 1st month to the 6th month of age. Thirteen piglcts(cight males and five females) born in Spring were selected from the Livestock Experimental Station of NEAU. The results showed that the scrum protein level was different at different month of age. The lowest level was found at the 1st month of age, and the highest at the 4th month of age. The difference in scrum protein concentration was significant between different months of age. There was, however, no significant difference between sexes at the same month of age.展开更多
The experiment was conducted to study the effects and possible mechanism of GLP-2 on proliferation,metabolism and apoptosis of cultured enterocytes from a 28-d weaned piglet injured by exposure to β-conglycinin.A cel...The experiment was conducted to study the effects and possible mechanism of GLP-2 on proliferation,metabolism and apoptosis of cultured enterocytes from a 28-d weaned piglet injured by exposure to β-conglycinin.A cell damage model was established to investigate cell proliferation, metabolism and apoptosis by exposing primary cell cultures of intestinal epithelial cells(IEC) to 1.2 and 2.4 mg/mL β-conglycinin.A 2×3 factorial experiment was then used to study the effect of different GLP-2 concentrations of(1×10<sup>-9</sup>,1×10<sup>-8</sup> and 1×10<sup>-7</sup>mol/L),in combination with the two concentrations ofβ-conglycinin.Cells exposed to the allergenβ-conglycinin had decreased(P【0.05) MTT OD;decreased (P【0.01) protein retention and total protein content of cells;increased(P【0.01) LDH and caspase-3 activities and decreased(P【0.05) Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity.When GLP-2 was used in combination withβ-conglycinin,MTT OD,protein retention,total protein content and Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity significantly increased(P【0.05);LDH activity gradually decreased(P【0.05 or P【0.01) and Caspase-3 activity significantly decreased(P【0.01) with increasing concentrations of GLP-2.The results indicated thatβ-conglycinin had adverse effects on proliferation and integrity of IEC in vitro.GLP-2 relieved or prevented the adverse effects ofβ-conglycinin on proliferation and integrity of IEC by regulating Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>- ATPase and Caspase-3 activities,and consequently affecting cell metabolism.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect and the potential mechanism of administering a pGRF gene plasmid on the growth and immunological function of weanling piglets subjected to immune-stress.Eighteen weanling(Duroc×Landrace×Large White) piglets aged 35 d±2 d and initial BW of 7.86 kg±0.59 kg were randomly assigned to three treatments according to gender and BW by using a single factor design.The three treatments were injections of a pGRF gene plasmid,pGRF gene plasmid followed by challenge with lipopolysaccharide(LPS),and LPS to piglets not receiving the plasmid.Each treatment group consisted of six piglets.The results were as follows:piglets in the pGRF gene plasmid plus LPS treatment had a better growth performance than those only receiving LPS(P【0.05), and F/G of piglets in the pGRF gene plasmid plus LPS group were very slightly lower(P】0.05) than those in the LPS group;serum levels of IGF-1 in the pGRF gene plasmid plus LPS group were significantly higher than those in the LPS group(P【0.05 or P【0.01);serum levels of IgG in the pGRF gene plasmid plus LPS group were higher than those in the LPS group(P【0.05);serum levels of IL-1 and IL-6 in the pGRF gene plasmid plus LPS group were significantly lower than those in the LPS group(P【0.05 or P【0.01).
文摘This purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of soybean active peptides (SAP) in 14-day old early weaned piglets feed. Eighteen crossbreed piglets Duroc ×Landrace ×Yorkshire (14-day old) were randomly divided into three groups with six piglets each group. Control was fed with 8% animal plasma (AP). Trial 1 was fed with 4.9% AP and 4.9% SAP. Trial 2 was fed with 12.62% SAP. This raising period was 30 days and divided into three periods with earlier period (0-15 days), latter period (16-30 days) and whole period (0-30 days). The results showed that average daily gains (ADG) in trial 1 were increased 16.33%, 12.64% and 13.94% (P >0.05) and Efficiency of feed conversions (EFC) improved 17.35%, 11.40% and 13.46% than control in respective periods; ADG in trial 2 were reduced 12.24%, increased 4.21% and reduced 0.40% (P>0.05) and EFC were improved 19.81%, 13.08% and 15.76% than control in respective periods. Means of TG and LDL-C/ HDL-C in trial 1 were lowest in three groups and reduced 6.54% (P >0.05) and 0.96% than control. Means of TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, LDL-C/ HDL-C were the highest in trial 2 among three groups and increased 8.93% (P >0.05), 39.69% (P <0.05), 34.94% (P >0.05), 27.31% (P >0.05) and 5.96% than control respectively. It was concluded that substituting part Ap for SAP in 14-day old piglets Feed was practicable.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Department of Foreign Cooperation Research Project(WB13B101)
文摘The feed additive was composed of six Chinese Herbal（CH）（including Poria, Astragalus, Cork, Orange peel, Hawthorn and Radix）, which were fermented by Lactobacillus and used as a feed additive for piglets basal diet. Similar to group of antibiotic and herbal medicine, fermented herbal medicine was additived to basic diet in four trials with eight replications per trial, determining effect on the growth performance, biochemical and immunological indicators. Compared with the control group, the group of fermented herbal compound had higher Average Daily Gain（ADG）, higher content of immune globulin M（IgM） and immune globulin A（Ig A）（p〈0.05）. There was no significant effect on the indicators of ADG, Average Daily Feed Intake（ADFI） and diarrhea rate（p〉0.05） between groups of antibiotic and fermented herbal were observed; however, the concentrations of Total Protein（TP）, Growth Hormone（GH）, IgG, IgM and IgA significantly increased（p〈0.05） compared with the control group.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Department of Foreign Cooperation Research Project(WB13B101)
文摘The number of birth per year was an important indicator of the sow＇s productivity and it was related to the duration of breasffeeding. Weaning had been shown to be a stressful period. The weaning age had declined over time in order to increase sow productivity and the fact that weaning under modern-day commercial conditions inflicted stress （environmental, nutritional and psychological/social） on pigs and associated with marked changes in gastrointestinal tract （GIT） physiology, microbiology and immunology. However, the early weaning resulted in post-weaning diarrhea, mainly related to intestinal dysbiosis during this rapid adaptation to the new diet. The environment and feed had influence on physiology, gut morphology, immune system and diseases of weaned piglets.
文摘A significant reduction of trypsin inhibitory activity by selected bacterial proteolytic enzymes was demonstrated in vitro.Two trials were conducted to examine the capacity of the tested enzymes to inactivate soybean ANFs in vivo.In trial I,twenty four piglets weaned at four weeks of age were assigned in replicate groups of 4 piglets per pen to one of three dietary treatments:(1)control;(2)Enzyme 1 supplemented(E 1);(3)Enzyme 2 supplemented (E 2).In trial II,twenty piglets weaned at five weeks of age were alloted to five treatment diets:(1)contro,l:(2)0.1% P4 supplemented;(3)0.5% P4 supplemented;(4)0.1% P7 supplemented;(5)0.5% P7 supplemented.The optimum pH for hydrolysis was 8 for E ,9 11 for E 2,8.5 for P4 and nuctral for P7.After 17 days of the trial,daily gain of piglets on enzymes E 1 and E 2 was 36% and 18% more than that in the control group,although the difference was not significant.The animals on the treated groups had a tendency to have lighter heart(7.8 and 5.9%),spleen(11.1 and 7.4%) and pancreas(16.7 and 12.5% for E 1 and E 2 respectively)in relation to empty body weight than those in the control.The small intestine of pigs on the treated groups was significantly lighter(18.9 for E 1 and 7.7% for E 2) than that in the control(P<0.05).The stomach (26.4 and 24%,p=0.198) and cecum(21.9 and 9.4%,p=0.114) also showed the same pattern.The growth depression was attributed to reduced feed intake caused by antinutritional factors in soybeans.It is concluded that supplements of proteolytic enzymes E 1 or E 2 had a positive effect on growth and efficiency and caused much less reaction in the gut as manifested by the weight of the tract and of its accessory organs.Dietary saupplements of P4 or P7 had no significant effect on growth,but reduced reaction of soybean antinutritional factors in the gut,especialy P4 in dose of 0.5%.The growth depression was attributed to low feed intake caused by antinutritional factors in soybeans.
文摘Two experiments were carried out to study the grunting of sows during nursing and the sucking behaviour of piglets. In experimental Ⅰ,six Yorkshire sows and their litters were observed and managed in farrowing crates.In experimental Ⅱ,six Harbin White sows and their litters were selected and housed in farrowing pens.The behaviours and activities of the sows during nursing and the activities of piglets during sucking were recorded with a portable video camera(Panasonic NV-VX22EN) The results showed that the characteristic patterns of grunting by the sows consist of an initial period of rhythmic grunting at a fairly constant rate and followed by a period of more rapid grunting,and then a decline in grunting rate toward the completion of nursing.The pattern of vocalization showed by the mothers bears a reliable synchronization to the sucking behaviour of the piglets.The rate of grunting varied little during jostling for teat and nosing the udder.The beginning of slow sucking usually occurred during or just after the increase in grunt rate.The rapid sucking began 15～25 seconds after the period of most rapid grunting,following the decrease of grunt rate.afterwards the nursing ended.There were individualities found in sows'grunting patterns. It is found that vocalizations attracted the piglets to the sows and synchronized sucking activities of piglets,but the results indicated that the premassaging time and numbers of piglets engaging massaging influenced the grunting pattern and the onset of the milk ejection.As more piglets were involved the massaging,the higher the grunting rate peak,the faster the milk ejection.
文摘Usual clinieal methods were used to determine the concentrations of scrum protein, albumin and globulin in Xiang piglets from the 1st month to the 6th month of age. Thirteen piglcts(cight males and five females) born in Spring were selected from the Livestock Experimental Station of NEAU. The results showed that the scrum protein level was different at different month of age. The lowest level was found at the 1st month of age, and the highest at the 4th month of age. The difference in scrum protein concentration was significant between different months of age. There was, however, no significant difference between sexes at the same month of age.
基金supported by Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Reseach Team in University (IRTO 555)Applied Basic Research(045Y029-031) of Sichuan Province,People's Republic of China
文摘The experiment was conducted to study the effects and possible mechanism of GLP-2 on proliferation,metabolism and apoptosis of cultured enterocytes from a 28-d weaned piglet injured by exposure to β-conglycinin.A cell damage model was established to investigate cell proliferation, metabolism and apoptosis by exposing primary cell cultures of intestinal epithelial cells(IEC) to 1.2 and 2.4 mg/mL β-conglycinin.A 2×3 factorial experiment was then used to study the effect of different GLP-2 concentrations of(1×10<sup>-9</sup>,1×10<sup>-8</sup> and 1×10<sup>-7</sup>mol/L),in combination with the two concentrations ofβ-conglycinin.Cells exposed to the allergenβ-conglycinin had decreased(P【0.05) MTT OD;decreased (P【0.01) protein retention and total protein content of cells;increased(P【0.01) LDH and caspase-3 activities and decreased(P【0.05) Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity.When GLP-2 was used in combination withβ-conglycinin,MTT OD,protein retention,total protein content and Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity significantly increased(P【0.05);LDH activity gradually decreased(P【0.05 or P【0.01) and Caspase-3 activity significantly decreased(P【0.01) with increasing concentrations of GLP-2.The results indicated thatβ-conglycinin had adverse effects on proliferation and integrity of IEC in vitro.GLP-2 relieved or prevented the adverse effects ofβ-conglycinin on proliferation and integrity of IEC by regulating Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>- ATPase and Caspase-3 activities,and consequently affecting cell metabolism.
