In order to improve the efficiency of bioleaching heavy metal from the contaminated soil using Penicillium chrysogenum(P.chrysogenum),experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of heavy metal stress on P.chrys...In order to improve the efficiency of bioleaching heavy metal from the contaminated soil using Penicillium chrysogenum(P.chrysogenum),experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of heavy metal stress on P.chrysogenum during bioleaching.The morphology and physiology of P.chrysogenum were observed.Assuming that the heavy metals are all leached out from the experiment soil,heavy metals are added into the agar medium by simulating the heavy metal content in the soil.It is concluded that the survivable heavy metal contaminated soil mass range for P.chrysogenum is 2.5-5.0 g.As for biomass determination,the contaminated soil is added into the liquid medium directly.The soil mass that P.chrysogenum can be survivable is in the range of 2.5-8.75 g.In this mass range,the biomass of P.chrysogenum is bigger than that of the control sample.10 g soil mass is the threshold of the growth of P.chrysogenum.102.2 mg/L gluconic acid,156.4 mg/L oxalic acid,191.6 mg/L pyruvic acid,0.02 mg/L citric acid,0.03 mg/L malic acid and 70.6 mg/L succinic acid are determined after 15 d bioleaching.The mycelium is broken into fragments,and heavy metals are adsorbed on the cell wall or transported into the cytoplasm during bioleaching.The GOD activity declines from 1.08 U/mL to 0.2 U/mL under 400 mg/L of multi-metal stress.The influence of Pb on GOD activity is bigger than that of Cr and Cd,and the GOD activity is not influenced apparently by Mn,Zn and Cu.展开更多
This study used non-invasive evaluation methods measured six skin physiological parameters of the lower lip in 180 subjects,including moisture content,transepidermal water loss(TEWL),smoothness(SESM),scaliness of the ...This study used non-invasive evaluation methods measured six skin physiological parameters of the lower lip in 180 subjects,including moisture content,transepidermal water loss(TEWL),smoothness(SESM),scaliness of the skin(SESC),wrinkles(SEW),and red area of the lip skin,and compared the effects of 6 groups of lip balms(no-additive group,marine oligosaccharides group,ceramides group,glycyrrhizinic acid group,allantoin group,and mixed group;30 each)on the skin physiological parameters of dry,flaking,and cracked lip subjects.The results showed that the lip mositure content of the subjects in the marine oligosaccharide group,glycyrrhetinic acid group,and allantoin group increased significantly by 44.40%,42.84%and 58.08%after 7 days of lip balm(P<0.05).The TEWL in the ceramide group and the allantoin group was significantly reduced by 21.83%and 24.72%,respectively,after 7 days of lip paste use(P<0.05).The lip skin smoothness values of subjects in the glycyrrhizic acid group and the allantoin group were significantly reduced by 18.76%and 14.97%,respectively,after 28 days of lip balm application(P<0.05).The lip skin scaling indices of subjects in the marine oligosaccharide group,the ceramides group,and the allantoin group were significantly reduced by 33.77%,42.69%,and 38.07%,respectively,after 28 days of lip balm application(P<0.05).The wrinkle parameters of the lip skin of the subjects in the marine oligosaccharide,glycyrrhizinic acid and allantoin groups were significantly reduced by 23.06%,23.29%and 25.98%,respectively,after 28 days of lip balm application(P<0.05).And the area of the red zone of the lip skin of the subjects in the allantoin group was significantly reduced by 4.27%,after 28 days of lip balm application(P<0.05).Combining the effects of the four active ingredients on the secretion of hyaluronic acid(moisturizing effect)and inflammatory factor(IL-6)in HSF cells,it suggests that marine oligosaccharides and allantoin have a perfect impact on enhancing the water content of the skin on the lips of the subjects,and further improve the symptoms of flaking and wrinkles on the lips of the subjects.The ceramide and allantoin can repair the skin barrier well and have a good effect on the chapped and flaky lips of the subjects.After 28 days of using lip balm,the water content of lips in the mixed group increased,the skin barrier was repaired and became smoother,and the wrinkles,scale index,and red zone value were reduced,which could well relieve chronic lip inflammation and lay a foundation for developing lip products for the treatment of chronic cheilitis.展开更多
The number of birth per year was an important indicator of the sow＇s productivity and it was related to the duration of breasffeeding. Weaning had been shown to be a stressful period. The weaning age had declined ove...The number of birth per year was an important indicator of the sow＇s productivity and it was related to the duration of breasffeeding. Weaning had been shown to be a stressful period. The weaning age had declined over time in order to increase sow productivity and the fact that weaning under modern-day commercial conditions inflicted stress （environmental, nutritional and psychological/social） on pigs and associated with marked changes in gastrointestinal tract （GIT） physiology, microbiology and immunology. However, the early weaning resulted in post-weaning diarrhea, mainly related to intestinal dysbiosis during this rapid adaptation to the new diet. The environment and feed had influence on physiology, gut morphology, immune system and diseases of weaned piglets.展开更多
1.Cotton Sciencepublishes original papers,brief notes and review articles in all areas of cotton research,including bio-technology ,classic and molecular genetics ,growth and development ,pathology and physiology ,etc .
Background:Plants respond to changes in vapour pressure deficit(VPD)between the leaf and the atmosphere through changes in stomatal response,which can consequently affect transpiration,photosynthesis,and leaf-level wa...Background:Plants respond to changes in vapour pressure deficit(VPD)between the leaf and the atmosphere through changes in stomatal response,which can consequently affect transpiration,photosynthesis,and leaf-level water use efficiencies.With projected warmer air temperatures,changes in rainfall distribution and altered VPD in future climates,it is important to understand the potential effect of VPD on leaf-level physiology of field-grown crops.The aim of this study was to assess the impact of altered VPD on leaf-level physiology of field-grown cotton to improve the current understanding of the plant-by-environment interaction,thereby contributing to validation and improvement of physiological and yield response models.Different VPD environments in the field were generated by planting cotton on three dates within the sowing window(early-season(S1)=5th October 2011;mid-season(S2)=9th November 2011;and late-season(S3)=30th November 2011).VPD was also modified by altering crop irrigations.Results:VPDL accounted for the largest proportion of the explained variation in both stomatal conductance(32%∼39%)and photosynthetic(16%∼29%)responses of cotton.Generally,smaller percentages of variation were attributed to other main factors such as the individual plant(Plant),and accumulated temperature stress hours(ASH;a measure of plant water status over time)and interactive factors,including leaf vapour pressure deficit(VPDL)×Plant and Plant×ASH;however,a proportion of variation was unexplained.In addition,the Asat/E(instantaneous transpiration efficiency,ITE)model developed based on cotton grown in the glasshouse was applied to cotton grown in the field.We found that the modelled Asat/E and field-measured Asat/E were very similar,suggesting that the mechanistic basis for ITE was similar in both environments.Conclusions:This study highlights the importance of accounting for VPD in climate change research,given that stomata are highly responsive to changes in VPD.This experiment provides a basis for physiology and production models,particularly in terms of cotton response to projected climatic environments.展开更多
Background： Hypoxia tolerance studies in cotton are very rare in Pakistan. Unpredicted and excessive rainfalls result in severe losses to cotton crop in many regions of the country due to lack of hypoxia tolerance in...Background： Hypoxia tolerance studies in cotton are very rare in Pakistan. Unpredicted and excessive rainfalls result in severe losses to cotton crop in many regions of the country due to lack of hypoxia tolerance in current cotton varieties. The genotypes that can tolerate flooding are not reported earlier. The studies were conducted to explore hypoxia tolerance in local germplasm which will help to develop hypoxia tolerant cotton varieties. Method： An experiment with randomized complete different cotton varieties. The genotypes were given conditions. blocks was designed to study the hypoxia tolerance in two treatments i.e., water logged and non-water logged Results： The genotypes showed significant variability for yield, fiber and physiological traits. The hypoxia studies revealed that there is significant reduction for plant height in water sensitive genotype LRA-5166. The genotype MNH-786 showed better yield and MNH-556 showed superior ginning outturn percentage under water logged conditions. Staple length, strength and micronaire values also decreased under hypoxia. Similar pattern of negative effects were observed for Chlorophyll a, b contents and chl a/b ratio. Two hypoxia tolerant cultivars CIM-573 and MNH-564 had significantly higher chlorophyll a （1.664, 1.551） than other cultivars under both normal and waterlogged conditions. There was a significant decrease in total free amino acids in all genotypes/cultivars due to waterlogging. Free amino acid contents were significantly higher in two waterlogging sensitive cultivars, CEDIX and N-KRISHMA, than other cultivars under both non-waterlogged and waterlogged conditions. Waterlogging caused a significant reduction in shoot soluble proteins and increase in shoot proline. The genotype LRA-5166 was the highest in shoot soluble proteins content and showed significant decrease in shoot proline. Conclusions： With respect to yield MNH-786 showed better results and regarding ginning outturn percentage MNH-556 exhibited superior performance. The genotypes CIM-573 and MNH-564 showed higher chlorophyll a values. The above said genotypes may be exploited for further studies related to hypoxia tolerance.展开更多
随着世界各国步入老龄化社会,越来越多的老龄患者因结直肠恶性肿瘤而需要外科治疗,如何评价患者的身体条件及预测手术风险,一直是外科医生重点关注的问题。英国Copeland等[1]1991年建立病死率和并发症率的生理学及手术严重性评分（physi...随着世界各国步入老龄化社会,越来越多的老龄患者因结直肠恶性肿瘤而需要外科治疗,如何评价患者的身体条件及预测手术风险,一直是外科医生重点关注的问题。英国Copeland等[1]1991年建立病死率和并发症率的生理学及手术严重性评分（physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity,简称POSSUM）,预测术后病死率和并发症发生率。展开更多
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the physiological and the biochemical characteristics of waxy wheat seeds under accelerated aging conditions. Five waxy wheat lines, which were Waxy 1, Waxy 4, Waxy 8, Waxy 9, an...Experiments were conducted to evaluate the physiological and the biochemical characteristics of waxy wheat seeds under accelerated aging conditions. Five waxy wheat lines, which were Waxy 1, Waxy 4, Waxy 8, Waxy 9, and Waxy 15; and five non-waxy wheat lines： S-39, 04J89, Jan-81, III42-4, and II110 were studied. The seeds were subjected to accelerated aging at 40℃, 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, and 60℃, and 90% relative humidity for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days, respectively. The results showed a gradual increase in conductivity and decrease in germination rate during accelerated aging. SOD, POD and CAT activities increased at lowgrade treatment, but decreased at severe treatment. On the other hand, the soluble protein content decreased at 45 ℃, but successively increased, then decreased 50℃. From the above study, it showed that 90% RH at 55℃ was the best accelerated aging condition for optimum efficiency in a shorter period.展开更多
Hypobaric hypoxia is the main environmental feature of the Tibetan plateau which would influence the efficiency of human metabolic heat production and the ability of thermal regulation.In order to understand the influ...Hypobaric hypoxia is the main environmental feature of the Tibetan plateau which would influence the efficiency of human metabolic heat production and the ability of thermal regulation.In order to understand the influence of the hypoxic environment on the plateau on the thermal comfort of short-term sojourners in Tibet,China,oxygen generators were used to create oxygen-enriched environments,and physiological and psychological reactions of subjects were compared under different oxygen partial pressures(p_(O_(2)))and air temperatures(t_(a)).The results showed that subjects’thermal sensation,thermal comfort and mean skin temperature decreased with a decrease in the oxygen partial pressure.When t_(a)=17℃,the influence of oxygen partial pressure was more pronounced,compared to p_(O_(2))=16.4 kPa,the thermal sensation of subjects under p_(O_(2))=13.7 kPa decreased by 33%.The rate of subjects feeling comfortable decreased by 25%,and the mean skin temperature decreased by 0.7℃.The hypoxic environment of the plateau exacerbates human discomfort.Therefore,it is necessary to fully understand the actual thermal requirements of sojourners in Tibet,China.The results of this study would have implications for a better understanding of thermal comfort characteristics in the hypoxia environment in plateau.展开更多
The study was designated to explore the physiological mechanism of cold tolerance enhanced by phosphate in rice. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of phosphate fertilizer on co...The study was designated to explore the physiological mechanism of cold tolerance enhanced by phosphate in rice. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of phosphate fertilizer on cold tolerance and its related physiological parameters in rice seedings （chilling-sensitive cv. Changbai 9 and chilling-tolerant cv. Jijing 81） under low temperature stress. At the same time, the identification of cold tolerance was conducted. Compared with the normal temperature treatment, the relative chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fm and qP decreased and index of unsaturated fatty acid increased in rice under low temperature stress. The effect of chilling-sensitive cultivars was more than that of chilling-tolerant cultivars, more phosphorus fertilizer properly improved seedling quality of rice, slowed relative chlorophyll content dropping degree of rice seeding, increased photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fm, qP and index of unsaturated fatty acids, and enhanced the ability to chilling-tolerant cultivars under low temperature. The effect on chilling-tolerant cultivars was significantly higher than that on chilling sensitive cultivars by applying more phosphorus fertilizer. Phosphate regulated photosynthetic physiology and membrane fluidity to reduce injury by low temperature, and increasd the cold tolerance capacity of rice.展开更多
With the living standards gradually improved,the buildings with safe,comfortable,healthy indoor thermal environment would be the ideal pursuit. But to create the preferable indoor thermal environment,it is necessary t...With the living standards gradually improved,the buildings with safe,comfortable,healthy indoor thermal environment would be the ideal pursuit. But to create the preferable indoor thermal environment,it is necessary to research physiological influence of indoor thermal environment on human body. So a typical region of hot-humid climate in Chongqing,China,was considered as the object to study physiological indexes of human body. And the indoor thermal environment parameters and physiological indexes of human body were the main measurements. 20 volunteer students were organized to take part in the experiments in the laboratory during this summer. And two methods,physical measuring and questionnaire investigation,were used in the experiments. The results show that the increase in indoor air temperature reduces the uncomfortable feeling of air draft. Indoor air temperature has visible effects on MCS (motor nerve conduction speed),SCS (sensory nerve conduction speed),HR (heart rate),the ECG (electrocardiogram)-QT segment and SSEP (short somatosensory evoked potential)-latent period of N9. Therefore,a safe,comfortable and healthful indoor environment can be created by considering these factors.展开更多
The results of pot and pond trials are as follows.On equal amount of nitrogen(N)applied,the wheat nitrate reduction activity(NRA)and photosynthesis strength and other phy-siological properties are stronger and yields ...The results of pot and pond trials are as follows.On equal amount of nitrogen(N)applied,the wheat nitrate reduction activity(NRA)and photosynthesis strength and other phy-siological properties are stronger and yields are higher at normal soil moisture than those atdrought.At the same soil moisture,in a certain range of N applied,these properties of wheat in-crease with the increasing of N applied,but they descend when the amount of N applied exceedsa certain range.展开更多
In order to explore the effects of low temperature on the two different genotypes of white clover, electrical conductivity （EC）, soluble sugar, malondialdehyde （MDA） and some other physiological indexes of plants ...In order to explore the effects of low temperature on the two different genotypes of white clover, electrical conductivity （EC）, soluble sugar, malondialdehyde （MDA） and some other physiological indexes of plants were compared under laboratory conditions. Seedlings of Longping No.1 and Koala were undergone a series of degrading temperatures set in turn 25℃, 10℃, 5℃, 0℃, –5℃ and –10℃. The results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, electrical conductivity, soluble sugar, free proline and MDA increased obviously with the decrease of stress temperature, while the content of starch decreased, and the content of soluble protein increased first and then decreased during the process. Comprehensive assessments on physiological responses to low temperature stress indicated that the cultivar Longping No.1 had stronger cold resistance than that of cultivar Koala.展开更多
A totatl of 116 isolates of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, were collected from 45 samples in different counties of Heilongjiang Province, and 20 Chinese physiological races belonging to seven groups were ident...A totatl of 116 isolates of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, were collected from 45 samples in different counties of Heilongjiang Province, and 20 Chinese physiological races belonging to seven groups were identified by using seven standard Chinese rice blast identifying varieties. Results showed that the dominant groups could be ranked as ZA, ZD, and ZB, with the occurrence frequencies of 47.41%, 22.41% and 15.52%, respectively. The race ZA49 was the dominant race with the occurrence frequency of 26.72%. The occurrence frequencies of the races ZD5 and ZD1 were 10.34% and 8.62%, respectively. The rising occurrence frequencies of these three dominant species were the most important reasons that causing Kongyu-131 more sensitive to rice blast. The results of virulence frequency indicated that the race harboring Pi-k, Pi-i, Pi-a gene were more susceptible to rice blast in Heilongjiang Province, and they should not be large-scale cultivated.展开更多
基金Project(50925417)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young ScholarsProject(51074191)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012BAC09B04)supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘In order to improve the efficiency of bioleaching heavy metal from the contaminated soil using Penicillium chrysogenum(P.chrysogenum),experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of heavy metal stress on P.chrysogenum during bioleaching.The morphology and physiology of P.chrysogenum were observed.Assuming that the heavy metals are all leached out from the experiment soil,heavy metals are added into the agar medium by simulating the heavy metal content in the soil.It is concluded that the survivable heavy metal contaminated soil mass range for P.chrysogenum is 2.5-5.0 g.As for biomass determination,the contaminated soil is added into the liquid medium directly.The soil mass that P.chrysogenum can be survivable is in the range of 2.5-8.75 g.In this mass range,the biomass of P.chrysogenum is bigger than that of the control sample.10 g soil mass is the threshold of the growth of P.chrysogenum.102.2 mg/L gluconic acid,156.4 mg/L oxalic acid,191.6 mg/L pyruvic acid,0.02 mg/L citric acid,0.03 mg/L malic acid and 70.6 mg/L succinic acid are determined after 15 d bioleaching.The mycelium is broken into fragments,and heavy metals are adsorbed on the cell wall or transported into the cytoplasm during bioleaching.The GOD activity declines from 1.08 U/mL to 0.2 U/mL under 400 mg/L of multi-metal stress.The influence of Pb on GOD activity is bigger than that of Cr and Cd,and the GOD activity is not influenced apparently by Mn,Zn and Cu.
文摘This study used non-invasive evaluation methods measured six skin physiological parameters of the lower lip in 180 subjects,including moisture content,transepidermal water loss(TEWL),smoothness(SESM),scaliness of the skin(SESC),wrinkles(SEW),and red area of the lip skin,and compared the effects of 6 groups of lip balms(no-additive group,marine oligosaccharides group,ceramides group,glycyrrhizinic acid group,allantoin group,and mixed group;30 each)on the skin physiological parameters of dry,flaking,and cracked lip subjects.The results showed that the lip mositure content of the subjects in the marine oligosaccharide group,glycyrrhetinic acid group,and allantoin group increased significantly by 44.40%,42.84%and 58.08%after 7 days of lip balm(P<0.05).The TEWL in the ceramide group and the allantoin group was significantly reduced by 21.83%and 24.72%,respectively,after 7 days of lip paste use(P<0.05).The lip skin smoothness values of subjects in the glycyrrhizic acid group and the allantoin group were significantly reduced by 18.76%and 14.97%,respectively,after 28 days of lip balm application(P<0.05).The lip skin scaling indices of subjects in the marine oligosaccharide group,the ceramides group,and the allantoin group were significantly reduced by 33.77%,42.69%,and 38.07%,respectively,after 28 days of lip balm application(P<0.05).The wrinkle parameters of the lip skin of the subjects in the marine oligosaccharide,glycyrrhizinic acid and allantoin groups were significantly reduced by 23.06%,23.29%and 25.98%,respectively,after 28 days of lip balm application(P<0.05).And the area of the red zone of the lip skin of the subjects in the allantoin group was significantly reduced by 4.27%,after 28 days of lip balm application(P<0.05).Combining the effects of the four active ingredients on the secretion of hyaluronic acid(moisturizing effect)and inflammatory factor(IL-6)in HSF cells,it suggests that marine oligosaccharides and allantoin have a perfect impact on enhancing the water content of the skin on the lips of the subjects,and further improve the symptoms of flaking and wrinkles on the lips of the subjects.The ceramide and allantoin can repair the skin barrier well and have a good effect on the chapped and flaky lips of the subjects.After 28 days of using lip balm,the water content of lips in the mixed group increased,the skin barrier was repaired and became smoother,and the wrinkles,scale index,and red zone value were reduced,which could well relieve chronic lip inflammation and lay a foundation for developing lip products for the treatment of chronic cheilitis.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Department of Foreign Cooperation Research Project(WB13B101)
文摘The number of birth per year was an important indicator of the sow＇s productivity and it was related to the duration of breasffeeding. Weaning had been shown to be a stressful period. The weaning age had declined over time in order to increase sow productivity and the fact that weaning under modern-day commercial conditions inflicted stress （environmental, nutritional and psychological/social） on pigs and associated with marked changes in gastrointestinal tract （GIT） physiology, microbiology and immunology. However, the early weaning resulted in post-weaning diarrhea, mainly related to intestinal dysbiosis during this rapid adaptation to the new diet. The environment and feed had influence on physiology, gut morphology, immune system and diseases of weaned piglets.
文摘1.Cotton Sciencepublishes original papers,brief notes and review articles in all areas of cotton research,including bio-technology ,classic and molecular genetics ,growth and development ,pathology and physiology ,etc .
基金supported by CSIROthe Cotton Catchment Communities Co-operative Research Centre+1 种基金the Australian Cotton Research and Development Corporation(CRC 1101)the Australian Postgraduate Award.
文摘Background:Plants respond to changes in vapour pressure deficit(VPD)between the leaf and the atmosphere through changes in stomatal response,which can consequently affect transpiration,photosynthesis,and leaf-level water use efficiencies.With projected warmer air temperatures,changes in rainfall distribution and altered VPD in future climates,it is important to understand the potential effect of VPD on leaf-level physiology of field-grown crops.The aim of this study was to assess the impact of altered VPD on leaf-level physiology of field-grown cotton to improve the current understanding of the plant-by-environment interaction,thereby contributing to validation and improvement of physiological and yield response models.Different VPD environments in the field were generated by planting cotton on three dates within the sowing window(early-season(S1)=5th October 2011;mid-season(S2)=9th November 2011;and late-season(S3)=30th November 2011).VPD was also modified by altering crop irrigations.Results:VPDL accounted for the largest proportion of the explained variation in both stomatal conductance(32%∼39%)and photosynthetic(16%∼29%)responses of cotton.Generally,smaller percentages of variation were attributed to other main factors such as the individual plant(Plant),and accumulated temperature stress hours(ASH;a measure of plant water status over time)and interactive factors,including leaf vapour pressure deficit(VPDL)×Plant and Plant×ASH;however,a proportion of variation was unexplained.In addition,the Asat/E(instantaneous transpiration efficiency,ITE)model developed based on cotton grown in the glasshouse was applied to cotton grown in the field.We found that the modelled Asat/E and field-measured Asat/E were very similar,suggesting that the mechanistic basis for ITE was similar in both environments.Conclusions:This study highlights the importance of accounting for VPD in climate change research,given that stomata are highly responsive to changes in VPD.This experiment provides a basis for physiology and production models,particularly in terms of cotton response to projected climatic environments.
文摘Background： Hypoxia tolerance studies in cotton are very rare in Pakistan. Unpredicted and excessive rainfalls result in severe losses to cotton crop in many regions of the country due to lack of hypoxia tolerance in current cotton varieties. The genotypes that can tolerate flooding are not reported earlier. The studies were conducted to explore hypoxia tolerance in local germplasm which will help to develop hypoxia tolerant cotton varieties. Method： An experiment with randomized complete different cotton varieties. The genotypes were given conditions. blocks was designed to study the hypoxia tolerance in two treatments i.e., water logged and non-water logged Results： The genotypes showed significant variability for yield, fiber and physiological traits. The hypoxia studies revealed that there is significant reduction for plant height in water sensitive genotype LRA-5166. The genotype MNH-786 showed better yield and MNH-556 showed superior ginning outturn percentage under water logged conditions. Staple length, strength and micronaire values also decreased under hypoxia. Similar pattern of negative effects were observed for Chlorophyll a, b contents and chl a/b ratio. Two hypoxia tolerant cultivars CIM-573 and MNH-564 had significantly higher chlorophyll a （1.664, 1.551） than other cultivars under both normal and waterlogged conditions. There was a significant decrease in total free amino acids in all genotypes/cultivars due to waterlogging. Free amino acid contents were significantly higher in two waterlogging sensitive cultivars, CEDIX and N-KRISHMA, than other cultivars under both non-waterlogged and waterlogged conditions. Waterlogging caused a significant reduction in shoot soluble proteins and increase in shoot proline. The genotype LRA-5166 was the highest in shoot soluble proteins content and showed significant decrease in shoot proline. Conclusions： With respect to yield MNH-786 showed better results and regarding ginning outturn percentage MNH-556 exhibited superior performance. The genotypes CIM-573 and MNH-564 showed higher chlorophyll a values. The above said genotypes may be exploited for further studies related to hypoxia tolerance.
文摘随着世界各国步入老龄化社会,越来越多的老龄患者因结直肠恶性肿瘤而需要外科治疗,如何评价患者的身体条件及预测手术风险,一直是外科医生重点关注的问题。英国Copeland等[1]1991年建立病死率和并发症率的生理学及手术严重性评分（physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity,简称POSSUM）,预测术后病死率和并发症发生率。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31000712)National Natural Science Fund (31000712)Yunnan Provincial Education Department Scientific Research Program (08Y0166)
文摘Experiments were conducted to evaluate the physiological and the biochemical characteristics of waxy wheat seeds under accelerated aging conditions. Five waxy wheat lines, which were Waxy 1, Waxy 4, Waxy 8, Waxy 9, and Waxy 15; and five non-waxy wheat lines： S-39, 04J89, Jan-81, III42-4, and II110 were studied. The seeds were subjected to accelerated aging at 40℃, 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, and 60℃, and 90% relative humidity for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days, respectively. The results showed a gradual increase in conductivity and decrease in germination rate during accelerated aging. SOD, POD and CAT activities increased at lowgrade treatment, but decreased at severe treatment. On the other hand, the soluble protein content decreased at 45 ℃, but successively increased, then decreased 50℃. From the above study, it showed that 90% RH at 55℃ was the best accelerated aging condition for optimum efficiency in a shorter period.
基金Project(U20A20311)supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(52008329)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2018BSHYDZZ14)supported by the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China。
文摘Hypobaric hypoxia is the main environmental feature of the Tibetan plateau which would influence the efficiency of human metabolic heat production and the ability of thermal regulation.In order to understand the influence of the hypoxic environment on the plateau on the thermal comfort of short-term sojourners in Tibet,China,oxygen generators were used to create oxygen-enriched environments,and physiological and psychological reactions of subjects were compared under different oxygen partial pressures(p_(O_(2)))and air temperatures(t_(a)).The results showed that subjects’thermal sensation,thermal comfort and mean skin temperature decreased with a decrease in the oxygen partial pressure.When t_(a)=17℃,the influence of oxygen partial pressure was more pronounced,compared to p_(O_(2))=16.4 kPa,the thermal sensation of subjects under p_(O_(2))=13.7 kPa decreased by 33%.The rate of subjects feeling comfortable decreased by 25%,and the mean skin temperature decreased by 0.7℃.The hypoxic environment of the plateau exacerbates human discomfort.Therefore,it is necessary to fully understand the actual thermal requirements of sojourners in Tibet,China.The results of this study would have implications for a better understanding of thermal comfort characteristics in the hypoxia environment in plateau.
基金Supported by the Special Agricultural Project of Agricultural Department (200903003)the Agricultural Modernization Project in the Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province (2009-2010) the High-yield Project of Science and Technology Department (2011BAD16B10)
文摘The study was designated to explore the physiological mechanism of cold tolerance enhanced by phosphate in rice. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of phosphate fertilizer on cold tolerance and its related physiological parameters in rice seedings （chilling-sensitive cv. Changbai 9 and chilling-tolerant cv. Jijing 81） under low temperature stress. At the same time, the identification of cold tolerance was conducted. Compared with the normal temperature treatment, the relative chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fm and qP decreased and index of unsaturated fatty acid increased in rice under low temperature stress. The effect of chilling-sensitive cultivars was more than that of chilling-tolerant cultivars, more phosphorus fertilizer properly improved seedling quality of rice, slowed relative chlorophyll content dropping degree of rice seeding, increased photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fm, qP and index of unsaturated fatty acids, and enhanced the ability to chilling-tolerant cultivars under low temperature. The effect on chilling-tolerant cultivars was significantly higher than that on chilling sensitive cultivars by applying more phosphorus fertilizer. Phosphate regulated photosynthetic physiology and membrane fluidity to reduce injury by low temperature, and increasd the cold tolerance capacity of rice.
基金Projects(50838009, 50678179) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2006BAJ02A09) supported by the National Key Technologies R & D Program of China
文摘With the living standards gradually improved,the buildings with safe,comfortable,healthy indoor thermal environment would be the ideal pursuit. But to create the preferable indoor thermal environment,it is necessary to research physiological influence of indoor thermal environment on human body. So a typical region of hot-humid climate in Chongqing,China,was considered as the object to study physiological indexes of human body. And the indoor thermal environment parameters and physiological indexes of human body were the main measurements. 20 volunteer students were organized to take part in the experiments in the laboratory during this summer. And two methods,physical measuring and questionnaire investigation,were used in the experiments. The results show that the increase in indoor air temperature reduces the uncomfortable feeling of air draft. Indoor air temperature has visible effects on MCS (motor nerve conduction speed),SCS (sensory nerve conduction speed),HR (heart rate),the ECG (electrocardiogram)-QT segment and SSEP (short somatosensory evoked potential)-latent period of N9. Therefore,a safe,comfortable and healthful indoor environment can be created by considering these factors.
文摘The results of pot and pond trials are as follows.On equal amount of nitrogen(N)applied,the wheat nitrate reduction activity(NRA)and photosynthesis strength and other phy-siological properties are stronger and yields are higher at normal soil moisture than those atdrought.At the same soil moisture,in a certain range of N applied,these properties of wheat in-crease with the increasing of N applied,but they descend when the amount of N applied exceedsa certain range.
基金Supported by the State Key Lab of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering(PCCE-KF-2017-02)
文摘In order to explore the effects of low temperature on the two different genotypes of white clover, electrical conductivity （EC）, soluble sugar, malondialdehyde （MDA） and some other physiological indexes of plants were compared under laboratory conditions. Seedlings of Longping No.1 and Koala were undergone a series of degrading temperatures set in turn 25℃, 10℃, 5℃, 0℃, –5℃ and –10℃. The results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, electrical conductivity, soluble sugar, free proline and MDA increased obviously with the decrease of stress temperature, while the content of starch decreased, and the content of soluble protein increased first and then decreased during the process. Comprehensive assessments on physiological responses to low temperature stress indicated that the cultivar Longping No.1 had stronger cold resistance than that of cultivar Koala.
基金Supported by the Youth Science Funds of Heilongjiang Province (QC2010027)
文摘A totatl of 116 isolates of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, were collected from 45 samples in different counties of Heilongjiang Province, and 20 Chinese physiological races belonging to seven groups were identified by using seven standard Chinese rice blast identifying varieties. Results showed that the dominant groups could be ranked as ZA, ZD, and ZB, with the occurrence frequencies of 47.41%, 22.41% and 15.52%, respectively. The race ZA49 was the dominant race with the occurrence frequency of 26.72%. The occurrence frequencies of the races ZD5 and ZD1 were 10.34% and 8.62%, respectively. The rising occurrence frequencies of these three dominant species were the most important reasons that causing Kongyu-131 more sensitive to rice blast. The results of virulence frequency indicated that the race harboring Pi-k, Pi-i, Pi-a gene were more susceptible to rice blast in Heilongjiang Province, and they should not be large-scale cultivated.
