Based on the principles of system engineering,economics theory and local conditionof production,studies carried out by taking“quadratic-regression-orthogonal-rotational” and ran-domized complete block designs to det...Based on the principles of system engineering,economics theory and local conditionof production,studies carried out by taking“quadratic-regression-orthogonal-rotational” and ran-domized complete block designs to determine the Optimal Agronomical Practices Package（OAPP）for Wheat Modelized Cultivation Management（WMCM）by system decision-makinganalysis.The OAPP was expected to meet various goals of different levels of yield and economicbenefit of middle and high fertility land in Beijing area.Taking cultivar JINGDONG-1（"JD-1"）asan example,the OAPP for grain yield≥6750 kg/ha and net benefit≥360 US （?）/ha was consist-ed as follows:density=195 plants/m<sup>2</sup>;spring irrigation times=4（stem elongation,booting,flowering,and 20 days after anthesis）;fertilization=150-188 kg N/ha,113-128 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/ha.展开更多
Recent publications have highlighted significant progress in utilizing agronomic interventions to alleviate waterlogging stress in cotton production.Based on these advancements,we provide a concise comment on the effe...Recent publications have highlighted significant progress in utilizing agronomic interventions to alleviate waterlogging stress in cotton production.Based on these advancements,we provide a concise comment on the effects and underlying mechanisms of various strategies such as utilizing stress-tolerant cotton varieties,applying nitric oxide(NO),and implementing ridge intertillage.Finally,we recommend a combination of measures to enhance cotton’s ability to withstand waterlogging and reduce yield losses.展开更多
Fatty liver in dairy cows, which is associated with decreased metabolic function of the liver, develops during times of elevated non-esterified fatty acid （NEFA） concentrations in the blood when the hepatic uptake o...Fatty liver in dairy cows, which is associated with decreased metabolic function of the liver, develops during times of elevated non-esterified fatty acid （NEFA） concentrations in the blood when the hepatic uptake of lipids exceeds the oxidation and secretion of lipids by the liver and then it will cause hepatic accumulation of triglyceride （TG）. The condition is often related to decreased health status, well-being, productivity, and reproductive performance of cows. Prevention of fatty liver in the transition period is always better than any treatments. The nutritional preventative strategies mainly focus either on decreasing the supply of NEFA to liver, and it aims to improve liver function or optimize the capacity then to dispose of NEFA by exporting them as triglycerides in lipoproteins （VLDL）. Good dry cow nutritional programs, combined with excellent feeding management to achieve high levels of dry matter intake throughout the transition period should be the first priority for management. Several different compounds can promote these metabolic actions. The addition of glucose precursors such as glycerol, propyelene glycol, or propionate salts to the feed in the transition diet can modify metabolism in a manner to decrease fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue and reduce the likelihood of liver TG accumulation. Supplying some other specific nutrients to dairy cows during the transition period may increase rates of NEFA disposal, with resulting effects on performance, though the hepatic capacities for export as triglycerides within VLDL are relatively limited in ruminants. Further studies examining nutritional and management strategies are required to develop new preventive or treatment options that are more practical to reduce the occurrence of fatty liver and its adverse metabolic effects.展开更多
Evaluation of Gamma Index Analysis for Detecting Errors in Patient-specific Quality Assurance in Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Taylan Tugrul1(1.Department of Radiation Oncology,Medicine Faculty of Van Yüzü...Evaluation of Gamma Index Analysis for Detecting Errors in Patient-specific Quality Assurance in Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Taylan Tugrul1(1.Department of Radiation Oncology,Medicine Faculty of Van YüzüncüYıl University,Van,Turkey)Abstract:Quality assurance practices performed before treatment are believed to identify various potential errors.In this study,2-dimensional(2D)dosimetric results were analyzed by making some intentional mistakes in six different treatment plans.In this way,the detectability of errors was investigated.In all segments of all treatment plans,one of the multileaf collimators was kept fixed at different positions on the central axis.In addition to multileaf collimators error,gantry error was also examined in the study.The dose distribution results obtained by Treatment Planning System(TPS)were compared with those obtained by the 2D array device,both as local calculation and global calculation methods,using the gamma analysis method.When the results are examined in the case where the Multi-leaf collimators(MLC)is fixed at the 1 cm position.展开更多
Background Agroecological cropping systems are recognised as an alternative way to ensure the sustainability of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the context of climate change and degradation of soil fertili...Background Agroecological cropping systems are recognised as an alternative way to ensure the sustainability of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the context of climate change and degradation of soil fertility. A study was conducted in Benin from 2020 to 2023 to compare six different cotton cultivars in three agroecological cropping systems in two cotton-growing zones. Plough-based tillage plus incorporation of cover crop biomass(PTI), conservation agriculture with strip tillage(CA_ST), and conservation agriculture with no tillage(CA_NT) were compared with the reference plough-based tillage(PT). The objective was to identify morpho-physiological traits of cotton that increase yield in agroecological cropping systems. Our approach combined a field experiment and crop simulation model(CSM) of CROPGRO-Cotton to evaluate the effects of genotype(G) × environment(E) × management(M) interactions on seed cotton yield(SCY).Results Cultivars Tamcot_camde and Okp768 and simulated ideotypes performed best in CA systems. Increased seed mass, large and thick leaves, and later maturity were identified as beneficial for yield enhancement in CA systems. Cultivars and ideotypes that combine these traits also resulted in better nitrogen and water use efficiencies in CA systems. Under different climate scenarios up to 2050, ideotypes designed could increase SCY in Benin.Conclusion A set of morpho-physiological traits associated with vegetative vigour is required to ensure a good SCY in agroecological cropping systems. These results provide scientific evidence and useful knowledge for breeders and research programmes on cropping systems focused on the adaptation of cotton to climate change.展开更多
Chloride ions(Cl^(-))have been shown to impact the long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete.However,Cl^(-)that are already bound inside the concrete will not lead to the deterioration of the concrete’s characterist...Chloride ions(Cl^(-))have been shown to impact the long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete.However,Cl^(-)that are already bound inside the concrete will not lead to the deterioration of the concrete’s characteristics.The composition of the cement-based material,including the type of cement and auxiliary materials,greatly influences the ability of the material to bind Cl^(-),and varied components result in varying binding beha-vior of the Cl^(-).Simultaneously,the Cl^(-)binding process in concrete is influenced by both the internal and exterior surroundings,as well as the curing practices.These factors impact the hydration process of the cement and the internal pore structure of the concrete.Currently,mathematical theories and molecular dynamics simulations have increasingly been employed as the prevalent methods for examining the binding behaviors of Cl^(-)in concrete.These techniques are extensively utilized for predicting the lifespan and conducting microscopic studies of reinforced concrete in Cl^(-)settings.This work proposes recommendations for future research based on a summary of experimental and simulation investigations on Cl^(-)binding.Which will offer theoretical guidance for studying the binding of Cl^(-)in cement-based materials.展开更多
Aims and scope Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics,keeping abreast with the development trend of science and technology worldwide,reports the latest develop-ments and achievements in both theoretical and pr...Aims and scope Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics,keeping abreast with the development trend of science and technology worldwide,reports the latest develop-ments and achievements in both theoretical and practical aspects of systems engineering,electronicsand related research areas.展开更多
Jane Austen begins Pride and Prejudice with "It is a truth universally acknowledged that, a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife."Hence, there is no doubt that marriage will ...Jane Austen begins Pride and Prejudice with "It is a truth universally acknowledged that, a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife."Hence, there is no doubt that marriage will be a central concern of Pride and Prejudice. In this novel, Austen depicted several types of marriage: Elizabeth and Darcy’s marriage which emphasized equality and independence, Jane and Bingley’s marriage for love’s sake, Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins’ practical marriage and the rash marriage between Lydia and Wickham. This thesis is focused on the practical marriage between Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins while further explores the reasons behind their pragmatism.展开更多
文摘Based on the principles of system engineering,economics theory and local conditionof production,studies carried out by taking“quadratic-regression-orthogonal-rotational” and ran-domized complete block designs to determine the Optimal Agronomical Practices Package（OAPP）for Wheat Modelized Cultivation Management（WMCM）by system decision-makinganalysis.The OAPP was expected to meet various goals of different levels of yield and economicbenefit of middle and high fertility land in Beijing area.Taking cultivar JINGDONG-1（"JD-1"）asan example,the OAPP for grain yield≥6750 kg/ha and net benefit≥360 US （?）/ha was consist-ed as follows:density=195 plants/m<sup>2</sup>;spring irrigation times=4（stem elongation,booting,flowering,and 20 days after anthesis）;fertilization=150-188 kg N/ha,113-128 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/ha.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771718,31801307).
文摘Recent publications have highlighted significant progress in utilizing agronomic interventions to alleviate waterlogging stress in cotton production.Based on these advancements,we provide a concise comment on the effects and underlying mechanisms of various strategies such as utilizing stress-tolerant cotton varieties,applying nitric oxide(NO),and implementing ridge intertillage.Finally,we recommend a combination of measures to enhance cotton’s ability to withstand waterlogging and reduce yield losses.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Funds (30300259)
文摘Fatty liver in dairy cows, which is associated with decreased metabolic function of the liver, develops during times of elevated non-esterified fatty acid （NEFA） concentrations in the blood when the hepatic uptake of lipids exceeds the oxidation and secretion of lipids by the liver and then it will cause hepatic accumulation of triglyceride （TG）. The condition is often related to decreased health status, well-being, productivity, and reproductive performance of cows. Prevention of fatty liver in the transition period is always better than any treatments. The nutritional preventative strategies mainly focus either on decreasing the supply of NEFA to liver, and it aims to improve liver function or optimize the capacity then to dispose of NEFA by exporting them as triglycerides in lipoproteins （VLDL）. Good dry cow nutritional programs, combined with excellent feeding management to achieve high levels of dry matter intake throughout the transition period should be the first priority for management. Several different compounds can promote these metabolic actions. The addition of glucose precursors such as glycerol, propyelene glycol, or propionate salts to the feed in the transition diet can modify metabolism in a manner to decrease fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue and reduce the likelihood of liver TG accumulation. Supplying some other specific nutrients to dairy cows during the transition period may increase rates of NEFA disposal, with resulting effects on performance, though the hepatic capacities for export as triglycerides within VLDL are relatively limited in ruminants. Further studies examining nutritional and management strategies are required to develop new preventive or treatment options that are more practical to reduce the occurrence of fatty liver and its adverse metabolic effects.
文摘Evaluation of Gamma Index Analysis for Detecting Errors in Patient-specific Quality Assurance in Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Taylan Tugrul1(1.Department of Radiation Oncology,Medicine Faculty of Van YüzüncüYıl University,Van,Turkey)Abstract:Quality assurance practices performed before treatment are believed to identify various potential errors.In this study,2-dimensional(2D)dosimetric results were analyzed by making some intentional mistakes in six different treatment plans.In this way,the detectability of errors was investigated.In all segments of all treatment plans,one of the multileaf collimators was kept fixed at different positions on the central axis.In addition to multileaf collimators error,gantry error was also examined in the study.The dose distribution results obtained by Treatment Planning System(TPS)were compared with those obtained by the 2D array device,both as local calculation and global calculation methods,using the gamma analysis method.When the results are examined in the case where the Multi-leaf collimators(MLC)is fixed at the 1 cm position.
基金supported by the Benin Cotton Research Institute (IRC)the Cotton Interprofessional Association (AIC)+1 种基金the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD)the TAZCO_(2) project (Transition Agroécologique des Zones Cotonnières du Bénin),which is funded by the Republic of Benin and the French Development Agency (AFD)。
文摘Background Agroecological cropping systems are recognised as an alternative way to ensure the sustainability of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the context of climate change and degradation of soil fertility. A study was conducted in Benin from 2020 to 2023 to compare six different cotton cultivars in three agroecological cropping systems in two cotton-growing zones. Plough-based tillage plus incorporation of cover crop biomass(PTI), conservation agriculture with strip tillage(CA_ST), and conservation agriculture with no tillage(CA_NT) were compared with the reference plough-based tillage(PT). The objective was to identify morpho-physiological traits of cotton that increase yield in agroecological cropping systems. Our approach combined a field experiment and crop simulation model(CSM) of CROPGRO-Cotton to evaluate the effects of genotype(G) × environment(E) × management(M) interactions on seed cotton yield(SCY).Results Cultivars Tamcot_camde and Okp768 and simulated ideotypes performed best in CA systems. Increased seed mass, large and thick leaves, and later maturity were identified as beneficial for yield enhancement in CA systems. Cultivars and ideotypes that combine these traits also resulted in better nitrogen and water use efficiencies in CA systems. Under different climate scenarios up to 2050, ideotypes designed could increase SCY in Benin.Conclusion A set of morpho-physiological traits associated with vegetative vigour is required to ensure a good SCY in agroecological cropping systems. These results provide scientific evidence and useful knowledge for breeders and research programmes on cropping systems focused on the adaptation of cotton to climate change.
文摘Chloride ions(Cl^(-))have been shown to impact the long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete.However,Cl^(-)that are already bound inside the concrete will not lead to the deterioration of the concrete’s characteristics.The composition of the cement-based material,including the type of cement and auxiliary materials,greatly influences the ability of the material to bind Cl^(-),and varied components result in varying binding beha-vior of the Cl^(-).Simultaneously,the Cl^(-)binding process in concrete is influenced by both the internal and exterior surroundings,as well as the curing practices.These factors impact the hydration process of the cement and the internal pore structure of the concrete.Currently,mathematical theories and molecular dynamics simulations have increasingly been employed as the prevalent methods for examining the binding behaviors of Cl^(-)in concrete.These techniques are extensively utilized for predicting the lifespan and conducting microscopic studies of reinforced concrete in Cl^(-)settings.This work proposes recommendations for future research based on a summary of experimental and simulation investigations on Cl^(-)binding.Which will offer theoretical guidance for studying the binding of Cl^(-)in cement-based materials.
文摘Aims and scope Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics,keeping abreast with the development trend of science and technology worldwide,reports the latest develop-ments and achievements in both theoretical and practical aspects of systems engineering,electronicsand related research areas.
文摘Jane Austen begins Pride and Prejudice with "It is a truth universally acknowledged that, a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife."Hence, there is no doubt that marriage will be a central concern of Pride and Prejudice. In this novel, Austen depicted several types of marriage: Elizabeth and Darcy’s marriage which emphasized equality and independence, Jane and Bingley’s marriage for love’s sake, Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins’ practical marriage and the rash marriage between Lydia and Wickham. This thesis is focused on the practical marriage between Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins while further explores the reasons behind their pragmatism.
