Natural soils contain a certain amount of salt in the form of dissolved ions or electrically charged atoms,originated from the long-term erosion by acidic rainwater.The dissolved salt poses an extra osmotic water pote...Natural soils contain a certain amount of salt in the form of dissolved ions or electrically charged atoms,originated from the long-term erosion by acidic rainwater.The dissolved salt poses an extra osmotic water potential being normally neglected in laboratory measurements and numerical analyses.However,ignorance of salinity may result in overestimation of stability,and the design may not be as conservative as thought.Therefore,this research aims to first experimentally examine the influence of pore water salinity on water retention curve and saturated permeability of natural dispersive loess under saline and desalinated conditions.Second,the measured parameters are used for stability analyses of a railway embankment in an area subjected to regional rainfall incident.Eventually,a numerical parametric study is carried out to explore the significance of different rainfall schemes,construction patterns,and anisotropic permeability on the factor of safety.Results reveal that desalinization suppresses the water retention capability,which in turn results in a tremendous declination of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity.Despite the natural saline embankment,rainfall can hardly infiltrate into the desalinated embankment due to the lower conductivity.Therefore,the factor of safety for natural saline conditions drops notably,while only marginal changes occur in the case of the desalinated embankment.展开更多
黄土高原的脆弱生态环境导致降雨侵蚀现象频发,准确评估降雨侵蚀力对优化该区生态管理策略具有重要意义。然而,不同降雨侵蚀力估测模型差异导致其时空演变规律及驱动机制差异。因此,利用黄土高原1990—2021年小时降雨数据,分析雨量与雨...黄土高原的脆弱生态环境导致降雨侵蚀现象频发,准确评估降雨侵蚀力对优化该区生态管理策略具有重要意义。然而,不同降雨侵蚀力估测模型差异导致其时空演变规律及驱动机制差异。因此,利用黄土高原1990—2021年小时降雨数据,分析雨量与雨强模型计算的降雨侵蚀力差异,揭示不同季节、雨型、海拔等特征参量对两模型降雨侵蚀力时空分布规律的影响。结果显示:(1)黄土高原基于雨强计算的年均降雨侵蚀力均值为918.36MJ mm hm^(-2) h^(-1),范围在222.81—2583.52MJ mm hm^(-2) h^(-1);基于雨量计算的年均降雨侵蚀力均值为1058.17MJ mm hm^(-2) h^(-1),范围在271.92—2700.71MJ mm hm^(-2) h^(-1)。(2)两种模型计算出的降雨侵蚀力空间分布和时间变化相似,但基于雨强计算得到的降雨侵蚀力变异系数更高,变异系数为0.44。(3)不同雨型、季节的降雨侵蚀力值空间分布相似,随季节推移,夏季降雨侵蚀力值最高且分布最广;且雨强模型对海拔更敏感,相关系数为-0.58。综上,综合考虑雨量与雨强的双重效应可有效反映黄土高原降雨侵蚀过程的动态特征,准确评估降雨侵蚀力对区域特征参量变化的响应,有助于黄土高原生态环境的保护、支撑政府间水土保持相关策略的制定。展开更多
基金the Iran’s National Elites Foundation and the Research Grant Office at Sharif University Technology for supporting this research by way of “Dr Kazemi-Ashtiani Award” and grant “G970902”,respectively。
文摘Natural soils contain a certain amount of salt in the form of dissolved ions or electrically charged atoms,originated from the long-term erosion by acidic rainwater.The dissolved salt poses an extra osmotic water potential being normally neglected in laboratory measurements and numerical analyses.However,ignorance of salinity may result in overestimation of stability,and the design may not be as conservative as thought.Therefore,this research aims to first experimentally examine the influence of pore water salinity on water retention curve and saturated permeability of natural dispersive loess under saline and desalinated conditions.Second,the measured parameters are used for stability analyses of a railway embankment in an area subjected to regional rainfall incident.Eventually,a numerical parametric study is carried out to explore the significance of different rainfall schemes,construction patterns,and anisotropic permeability on the factor of safety.Results reveal that desalinization suppresses the water retention capability,which in turn results in a tremendous declination of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity.Despite the natural saline embankment,rainfall can hardly infiltrate into the desalinated embankment due to the lower conductivity.Therefore,the factor of safety for natural saline conditions drops notably,while only marginal changes occur in the case of the desalinated embankment.
文摘黄土高原的脆弱生态环境导致降雨侵蚀现象频发,准确评估降雨侵蚀力对优化该区生态管理策略具有重要意义。然而,不同降雨侵蚀力估测模型差异导致其时空演变规律及驱动机制差异。因此,利用黄土高原1990—2021年小时降雨数据,分析雨量与雨强模型计算的降雨侵蚀力差异,揭示不同季节、雨型、海拔等特征参量对两模型降雨侵蚀力时空分布规律的影响。结果显示:(1)黄土高原基于雨强计算的年均降雨侵蚀力均值为918.36MJ mm hm^(-2) h^(-1),范围在222.81—2583.52MJ mm hm^(-2) h^(-1);基于雨量计算的年均降雨侵蚀力均值为1058.17MJ mm hm^(-2) h^(-1),范围在271.92—2700.71MJ mm hm^(-2) h^(-1)。(2)两种模型计算出的降雨侵蚀力空间分布和时间变化相似,但基于雨强计算得到的降雨侵蚀力变异系数更高,变异系数为0.44。(3)不同雨型、季节的降雨侵蚀力值空间分布相似,随季节推移,夏季降雨侵蚀力值最高且分布最广;且雨强模型对海拔更敏感,相关系数为-0.58。综上,综合考虑雨量与雨强的双重效应可有效反映黄土高原降雨侵蚀过程的动态特征,准确评估降雨侵蚀力对区域特征参量变化的响应,有助于黄土高原生态环境的保护、支撑政府间水土保持相关策略的制定。
