Background Cotton crop is infested by numerous arthropod pests from sowing to harvesting,causing substantial direct and indirect yield losses.Knowledge of seasonal population trends and the relative occurrence of pest...Background Cotton crop is infested by numerous arthropod pests from sowing to harvesting,causing substantial direct and indirect yield losses.Knowledge of seasonal population trends and the relative occurrence of pests and their natural enemies is required to minimize the pest population and yield losses.In the current study,analysis of the seasonal population trend of pests and natural enemies and their relative occurrence on cultivars of three cotton species in Central India has been carried out.Results A higher number and diversity of sucking pests were observed during the vegetative cotton growth stage(60 days after sowing),declining as the crop matured.With the exception of cotton jassid(Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida),which caused significant crop damage mainly from August to September;populations of other sucking insects seldom reached economic threshold levels(ETL)throughout the studied period.The bollworm complex populations were minimal,except for the pink bollworm(Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders),which re-emerged as a menace to cotton crops during the cotton cropping season 2017–2018 due to resistance development against Bt-cotton.A reasonably good number of predatory arthropods,including coccinellids,lacewings,and spiders,were found actively preying on the arthropod pest complex of the cotton crop during the early vegetative growth stage.Linear regression indicates a significant relationship between green boll infestations and pink bollworm moths in pheromone traps.Multiple linear regression analyse showed mean weekly weather at one-or two-week lag periods had a significant impact on sucking pest population(cotton aphid,cotton jassid,cotton whitefly,and onion thrips)fluctuation.Gossypium hirsutum cultivars RCH 2 and DCH 32,and G.barbadense cultivar Suvin were found susceptible to cotton jassid and onion thrips.Phule Dhanvantary,an G.arboreum cotton cultivar,demonstrated the highest tolerance among all evaluated cultivars against all sucking pests.Conclusion These findings have important implications for pest management in cotton crops.Susceptible cultivars warrant more attention for plant protection measures,making them more input-intensive.The choice of appropriate cultivars can help minimize input costs,thereby increasing net returns for cotton farmers.展开更多
2025年3月17日,国际顶级学术期刊《自然·遗传学》(Nature Genetics)刊发题为“Genomic analysis of 1325 Camellia accessions sheds light on agronomic and metabolic traits for tea plant improvement”的研究性论文。该研究...2025年3月17日,国际顶级学术期刊《自然·遗传学》(Nature Genetics)刊发题为“Genomic analysis of 1325 Camellia accessions sheds light on agronomic and metabolic traits for tea plant improvement”的研究性论文。该研究由福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所与中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所等多家单位合作完成。本研究通过对茶树及其近缘种的基因组进行深度重测序,构建了全面的茶树基因组遗传变异图谱,进而揭示了茶树的遗传多样性及其驯化状态。其结果为茶树的遗传进化和精准设计育种提供了有益见解以及重要参考资料。展开更多
Natural gas hydrates are a kind of nonpolluting and high quality energy resources for future, the reserves of which are about twice of the carbon of the current fossil energy (petroleum, natural gas and coal) on the e...Natural gas hydrates are a kind of nonpolluting and high quality energy resources for future, the reserves of which are about twice of the carbon of the current fossil energy (petroleum, natural gas and coal) on the earth. And it will be the most important energy for the 21st century. The energy balance and numerical simulation are applied to study the schemes of the natural gas hydrates production in this paper,and it is considered that both depressurization and thermal stimulation are effective methods for exploiting natural gas hydrates, and that the gas production of the thermal stimulation is higher than that of the depressurization. But thermal stimulation is non-economic because it requires large amounts of energy.Therefore the combination of the two methods is a preferable method for the current development of the natural gas hydrates. The main factors which influence the production of natural gas hydrates are: the temperature of injected water, the injection rate, the initial saturation of the hydrates and the initial temperature of the reservoir which is the most important factor.展开更多
Non-pneumatic tire appears to have advantages over traditional pneumatic tire in terms of flat proof and maintenance free.A mechanical elastic wheel(MEW) with a non-pneumatic elastic outer ring which functions as air ...Non-pneumatic tire appears to have advantages over traditional pneumatic tire in terms of flat proof and maintenance free.A mechanical elastic wheel(MEW) with a non-pneumatic elastic outer ring which functions as air of pneumatic tire was presented.The structure of MEW was non-inflatable integrated configuration and the effect of hinges was accounted for only in tension. To establish finite element model of MEW, various nonlinear factors, such as geometrical nonlinearity, material nonlinearity and contact nonlinearity, were considered. Load characteristic test was conducted by tyre dynamic test-bed to obtain force-deflection curve. And the finite element model was validated through load characteristic test. Natural dynamic characteristics of the MEW and its influencing factors were investigated based on the finite element model. Simulation results show that the finite element model closely matched experimental wheel. The results also show that natural frequency is related to ground constraints, material properties, loads and torques. Influencing factors as above obviously affect the amplitude of mode of vibration, but have little effect on mode of vibration shape. The results can provide guidance for experiment research, structural optimization of MEW.展开更多
The effect of diluted solution's magnetization on induction time and growth period of natural gas hydrate (NGH) has been investigated in quiescent reaction system at pressure of 4. 5 MPa and temperature of 274 K w...The effect of diluted solution's magnetization on induction time and growth period of natural gas hydrate (NGH) has been investigated in quiescent reaction system at pressure of 4. 5 MPa and temperature of 274 K with SDS as surfactant, by using volume fixed and pressure falling method. Experimental results show that magnetization will have effect on the induction time of NGH. After magnetization with magnetic field intensity of 0.33 T, the induction time of NGH has been reduced to 47 min (average) from 99 min (average) in which there is no magnetization. On the other hand, the induction time has been prolonged after magnetization of the diluted solution with magnetic field intensity of 0.05 T, 0. 11 T, 0.22 T, 0.44T. Especially with magnetic field intensity of 0.11 T, the induction time had even been prolonged to 431min (average). The effect of magnetization on the growth period of NGH has not been found at the experimental condition.展开更多
The kinetics of the thermal decomposition for a naturally ageing ammonium perchlorate(AP) and hydroxyl-terminated-polybutadiene(HTPB) base bleed composite propellant were investigated using a differential scanning cal...The kinetics of the thermal decomposition for a naturally ageing ammonium perchlorate(AP) and hydroxyl-terminated-polybutadiene(HTPB) base bleed composite propellant were investigated using a differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The naturally ageing AP/HTPB base bleed propellant samples have been stored in a sealed plastic bag at room temperature(5-25 ℃) for more than 20 years. The experimental DSC results were obtained by placing samples(each about 1.5 mg) in a sealed pan under non-isothermal condition under different heating rates, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 30.0 ℃·min^(-1). The activation energy and pre-exponential factor were estimated based on the relationship between the exothermic peak temperature and the heating rate by Ozawa and Kissinger methods, respectively. The decomposition kinetic parameters is lower the values under laboratorial aging condition.展开更多
In order to assess the differences between the human body thermal sensation in naturally ventilated space and that in air-conditioned space,the fuzzy evaluation model was adopted in the research of thermal sensation i...In order to assess the differences between the human body thermal sensation in naturally ventilated space and that in air-conditioned space,the fuzzy evaluation model was adopted in the research of thermal sensation in naturally ventilated space.Based on the questionnaires and field measurements,the membership functions were presented by the statistic of the covering frequency to the fuzzy subset.Dry-bulb temperature was taken as the only independent variable for membership functions.The maximum values of membership grades are all at 0.5 or so,which is a distinction character on thermal comfort of naturally ventilated space.By the calculating results of membership grades value to different fuzzy evaluation subsets,the Predicted Mean Vote(PMV)was obtained.Furthermore,energy coefficient(Ea)was introduced to calculate the energy consumption,and the prediction methods of residential building energy consumption were also discussed.Finally,the importance of evaluation model of thermal sense is shown through the energy consumption prediction in a specific residential building.展开更多
The effects of urban remnant natural evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBLF) on the restoration of artificial pine forests surrounding it were studied with reference to species composition,biodiversity,dominant species a...The effects of urban remnant natural evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBLF) on the restoration of artificial pine forests surrounding it were studied with reference to species composition,biodiversity,dominant species and stand structure on Mt. Tieshanping in Chongqing metropolis,Southwest China. The seeds from the remnant EBLF naturally facilitate the restoration process of artificial Pinus massoniana forests near it. The similarity of species composition between the artificial Pinus massoniana forests and the remnant EBLF and biodiversity index of the artificial Pinus massoniana forests decrease as the distance from the remnant EBLF increases. Castanopsis carlesii var. spinusa is the dominant species in the ground vegetation,shrub layer and sub-tree layer of the Pinus massoniana forests near the remnant EBLF. However,the natural restoration processes of those farther away from the remnant EBLF are restricted for the absence of seed source of the inherent components of the remnant EBLF,and the anthropogenic measures should be taken to facilitate the restoration process.展开更多
Interest in the possibility of storing and transporting natural gas in the form of clathrate hydrates has been increasing in recent years, particularly in some gas-importing and exporting countries.The technologies ne...Interest in the possibility of storing and transporting natural gas in the form of clathrate hydrates has been increasing in recent years, particularly in some gas-importing and exporting countries.The technologies necessary for realizing this possibility may be classified into those relevant to the four serial processes (a) the formation of a hydrate, (b) the processing (dewatering, pelletizing, etc. ) of the formed hydrate, (c) the storage and transportation of the processed hydrate, and (d) the regasification (dissociation) of the hydrate. The technological development of any of these processes is still at an early stage. For hydrate formation, for example, various rival operations have been proposed. However,many of them have never been subjected to actual tests for practical use. More efforts are required for examining the different hydrate-formation technologies and for rating them by comparison. The general design of the processing of the formed hydrate inevitably depends on both the hydrate-formation process and the storage/transportation process, hence it has a wide variability. The major uncertainty in the storage-process design lies in the as-yet unclarified utility of the "self-preservation" effect of the naturalgas hydrates. The process design as well as the relevant cost evaluation should strongly depend on whether the hydrates are well preserved at atmospheric pressure in large-scale storage facilities. The regasification process has been studied less extensively than the former processes. The state of the art of the technological development in each of the serial processes is reviewed, placing emphasis on the hydrate formation process.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To identify compound combinations as candidate multi-component drugs for the type 2 diabetes from natural product information.METHODS Chemical composition information of herbs in natural medicine was acquire...OBJECTIVE To identify compound combinations as candidate multi-component drugs for the type 2 diabetes from natural product information.METHODS Chemical composition information of herbs in natural medicine was acquired by integrating conventional databases;Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Database(TCM-ID)and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database(TCMID).Therapeutic effect of each herb on the type 2 diabetes was examined by analyzing annotated function information with a text-mining method.The Apriori algorithm,which is a classical method for extracting associations between object in large-scale databases,was employed to infer association rules between compound combinations and therapeutic effect on the target disease.The chemical composition and therapeutic information of each herb was used as a transaction,which consists of the chemical compound combination as an antecedent item set and the therapeutic effect as a consequent item.The association rules with high support and confidence value were suggested as candidate multi-component drugs for the type 2 diabetes.RESULTS Totally 40 941 association rules were inferred with support lower bound 0.05% and maximum rule length 4.With respect to support and confidence,the top-ranked compound combination was puerarin and daidzin(support=0.15%,confidence=100%).In addition,the top 16 compound combinations were composed of 11 individual chemical compounds;puerarin,daidzin,abscisic acid,batatisine,dopamine,cholesterol,daidzein,gamma-aminobutyric acid,stigmasterol,campesteryl ferulate,and campesterol.To validate therapeutic effect of the proposed compound combinations,literature evidences of each individual compound were investigated.Among the 11 individual compounds,six compounds were reported to be effective for the treatment of the diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION By analyzing natural product in formation with association rule mining,16 compound combinations are suggested as candidate multi-component drugs for the type 2 diabetes.These compound combinations are recommended for further investigation in the context of drug development.展开更多
The dynamic changes in the malondialdehyde（MDA）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein contents, as well as the relative electrolyte conductivity and the corresponding cold resista...The dynamic changes in the malondialdehyde（MDA）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein contents, as well as the relative electrolyte conductivity and the corresponding cold resistance, of Cinnamomum bodinieri Level., C. camphora L., and C. caudiferum Kisterm were investigated during the winter months of October 2009 to April 2010. During the short period of temperature decline that lasted until mid-December, the changes in the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content with temperature were insignificant. In January, SOD activity continued to increase and then peaked as a result of rapid increases in soluble sugar, proline, soluble protein, as well as the inhibition of the relative electrolyte conductivity and decrease in MDA content. These physiological changes protected the camphor trees from cold damage during winter. From February to March, SOD activity and the soluble protein and proline contents increased with the increase in temperature. However, the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content decreased, indicating that the cell membrane damaged by low temperature was gradually being repaired. The cold dip in April led to slight increases in the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content. Using a fuzzy mathematics method, the cold resistance adaptability of the camphor trees was divided into three periods namely, the enhancement setting stage, the vigorous stage, and the reducing stage. The cold tolerance abilities were ranked as the following order： C. bodinieri Level〉C. camphora L.〉C. caudiferum Kisterm.展开更多
The 1/15 reduced-scale experiments using Froude scaling were designed to study the effect on the smoke control efficiency for subway tunnel fires with natural ventilation mode.The propane gas fires with heat release r...The 1/15 reduced-scale experiments using Froude scaling were designed to study the effect on the smoke control efficiency for subway tunnel fires with natural ventilation mode.The propane gas fires with heat release rate 11.48 kW was used,which corresponds to the heat release rate 10 MW in the full-scale tunnel.The temperature distributions under the ceiling were measured by K-type thermocouples to investigate smoke movement,and the velocity of smoke in shafts was measured by hot-wire anemometer to obtain the smoke extract amount of ventilation shafts.The results show that the smoke temperature under the ceiling varies with the longitudinal different distance from fire source.The results also show that the smoke temperature distributions and the smoke control efficiency in tunnel vary with the space between ventilation shafts and vary with the area and the height of ventilation shaft.展开更多
Characterization of water, waste water and natural organic matter are involved in this paper, and as well as the features of flocculation and coagulation for removing natural organic matter from water and waste water ...Characterization of water, waste water and natural organic matter are involved in this paper, and as well as the features of flocculation and coagulation for removing natural organic matter from water and waste water Novel flocculant and coagualant is strongly asked for improving removal efficiency and environment friendly. Enhanced coagulation is introduced to meet the experimental and practical requirement.展开更多
Characteristic of cyclic loading due to passing wheels is associated with one-way loading without stress reversal,which includes a simultaneous cyclic variation of vertical normal stress and horizontal normal stress l...Characteristic of cyclic loading due to passing wheels is associated with one-way loading without stress reversal,which includes a simultaneous cyclic variation of vertical normal stress and horizontal normal stress lasting for a long period of time and generally takes place in partially-drained conditions.Therefore,it is of great practical relevance to study the deformation behaviour according to the characteristic of traffic loading.In this work,a series of one-way stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests with a simultaneous variation of the vertical and horizontal stress components during cyclic loading were conducted to investigate the deformation behaviour of natural K_0-consolidated soft clay in partially-drained conditions.Test results demonstrate that not only the deviator part of the stress rules accumulation but also the volumetric part significantly contributes.While the deviator part of the stress amplitude is held constant,the increase amplitude of cyclic confining pressure will promote the development of both permanent volumetric strain and axial strain significantly.Furthermore,the effects of cyclic confining pressure on the deformation of natural K_0-consolidated soft clay was quantified.Finally,an empirical formula for permanent axial strain considering the effects of cyclic confining pressure was proposed which can be used for feasibility studies or for the preliminary design of foundations on K_0-consolidated soft clay subjected to traffic loading.展开更多
The paper presents the investigation of the effect of alkaline treatment of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) on physical and dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA) viscoelastic properties of kenaf fibre filled natural rubber(NR)/ther...The paper presents the investigation of the effect of alkaline treatment of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) on physical and dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA) viscoelastic properties of kenaf fibre filled natural rubber(NR)/thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU) composites.The treated kenaf fiber,NR and TPU were weighed and proportioned according to the required compositions and were blended using hot mixed Brabender machine.The polymer composites were then fabricated using the hot press to form a sample board.The sample was cut and prepared and water absorption,density,thickness swelling and DMA tests were performed.As far as physical properties are concerned,composites with the highest NR amount of shows the best results,which indicates good fiber bonding adhesion.The polymer composites with the highest amount of TPU shows the highest damping properties at high temperature.展开更多
Natural convection heat transfer from annular finned tubes was studied numerically. Effects of fin spacing, temperature difference and tube diameter on flow pathlines and local heat transfer were also studied. It was ...Natural convection heat transfer from annular finned tubes was studied numerically. Effects of fin spacing, temperature difference and tube diameter on flow pathlines and local heat transfer were also studied. It was shown that pathlines remain mostly circular for different geometries. Moreover, the contributions of fin periphery, fin side and bare tube to heat transfer were specified. It was shown that the heat transfer per unit area of fin periphery can be several times that of other parts. Moreover, in higher finspacing, the heat transfer from the bare tube can be more important than fin sides.展开更多
Natural minerals receive growing attention as inexpensive, green, and efficient catalysts for degradation of organic pollutants. Mechanical activation of natural chalcopyrite was conducted for improving the catalytic ...Natural minerals receive growing attention as inexpensive, green, and efficient catalysts for degradation of organic pollutants. Mechanical activation of natural chalcopyrite was conducted for improving the catalytic performance.Tetracycline degradation was evaluated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and mechanically activated chalcopyrite.Tetracycline degradation at 100 min is 55.52%(Chp10), 68.97%(Chp30), 77.79%(Chp60), and 86.43%(Chp120),respectively, and the rate constant of pseudo-first-order kinetics is 0.0079, 0.0109, 0.0137 and 0.0192 min^(-1), respectively.Chalcopyrite samples were examined by multiple characterizations. Mechanical activation of natural chalcopyrite induces the decline of particle size and slight increase of surface area, smaller grain size, lattice strain, and partial sulfur oxidation. The relationship between catalytic activity and property change manifests that the improved catalytic ability is mainly ascribed to the increase of surface area and surface oxidation induced by mechanical activation. This work provides novel insights into the improvement of catalytic performance of natural minerals by mechanical activation.展开更多
基金Funding support for the Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project(CROPSAP)。
文摘Background Cotton crop is infested by numerous arthropod pests from sowing to harvesting,causing substantial direct and indirect yield losses.Knowledge of seasonal population trends and the relative occurrence of pests and their natural enemies is required to minimize the pest population and yield losses.In the current study,analysis of the seasonal population trend of pests and natural enemies and their relative occurrence on cultivars of three cotton species in Central India has been carried out.Results A higher number and diversity of sucking pests were observed during the vegetative cotton growth stage(60 days after sowing),declining as the crop matured.With the exception of cotton jassid(Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida),which caused significant crop damage mainly from August to September;populations of other sucking insects seldom reached economic threshold levels(ETL)throughout the studied period.The bollworm complex populations were minimal,except for the pink bollworm(Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders),which re-emerged as a menace to cotton crops during the cotton cropping season 2017–2018 due to resistance development against Bt-cotton.A reasonably good number of predatory arthropods,including coccinellids,lacewings,and spiders,were found actively preying on the arthropod pest complex of the cotton crop during the early vegetative growth stage.Linear regression indicates a significant relationship between green boll infestations and pink bollworm moths in pheromone traps.Multiple linear regression analyse showed mean weekly weather at one-or two-week lag periods had a significant impact on sucking pest population(cotton aphid,cotton jassid,cotton whitefly,and onion thrips)fluctuation.Gossypium hirsutum cultivars RCH 2 and DCH 32,and G.barbadense cultivar Suvin were found susceptible to cotton jassid and onion thrips.Phule Dhanvantary,an G.arboreum cotton cultivar,demonstrated the highest tolerance among all evaluated cultivars against all sucking pests.Conclusion These findings have important implications for pest management in cotton crops.Susceptible cultivars warrant more attention for plant protection measures,making them more input-intensive.The choice of appropriate cultivars can help minimize input costs,thereby increasing net returns for cotton farmers.
文摘2025年3月17日,国际顶级学术期刊《自然·遗传学》(Nature Genetics)刊发题为“Genomic analysis of 1325 Camellia accessions sheds light on agronomic and metabolic traits for tea plant improvement”的研究性论文。该研究由福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所与中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所等多家单位合作完成。本研究通过对茶树及其近缘种的基因组进行深度重测序,构建了全面的茶树基因组遗传变异图谱,进而揭示了茶树的遗传多样性及其驯化状态。其结果为茶树的遗传进化和精准设计育种提供了有益见解以及重要参考资料。
文摘Natural gas hydrates are a kind of nonpolluting and high quality energy resources for future, the reserves of which are about twice of the carbon of the current fossil energy (petroleum, natural gas and coal) on the earth. And it will be the most important energy for the 21st century. The energy balance and numerical simulation are applied to study the schemes of the natural gas hydrates production in this paper,and it is considered that both depressurization and thermal stimulation are effective methods for exploiting natural gas hydrates, and that the gas production of the thermal stimulation is higher than that of the depressurization. But thermal stimulation is non-economic because it requires large amounts of energy.Therefore the combination of the two methods is a preferable method for the current development of the natural gas hydrates. The main factors which influence the production of natural gas hydrates are: the temperature of injected water, the injection rate, the initial saturation of the hydrates and the initial temperature of the reservoir which is the most important factor.
基金Project(NHA13002)supported by Explore Research Project of the General Armament Department,ChinaProject(11072106)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Non-pneumatic tire appears to have advantages over traditional pneumatic tire in terms of flat proof and maintenance free.A mechanical elastic wheel(MEW) with a non-pneumatic elastic outer ring which functions as air of pneumatic tire was presented.The structure of MEW was non-inflatable integrated configuration and the effect of hinges was accounted for only in tension. To establish finite element model of MEW, various nonlinear factors, such as geometrical nonlinearity, material nonlinearity and contact nonlinearity, were considered. Load characteristic test was conducted by tyre dynamic test-bed to obtain force-deflection curve. And the finite element model was validated through load characteristic test. Natural dynamic characteristics of the MEW and its influencing factors were investigated based on the finite element model. Simulation results show that the finite element model closely matched experimental wheel. The results also show that natural frequency is related to ground constraints, material properties, loads and torques. Influencing factors as above obviously affect the amplitude of mode of vibration, but have little effect on mode of vibration shape. The results can provide guidance for experiment research, structural optimization of MEW.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50176051)the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (No. 2000026306).
文摘The effect of diluted solution's magnetization on induction time and growth period of natural gas hydrate (NGH) has been investigated in quiescent reaction system at pressure of 4. 5 MPa and temperature of 274 K with SDS as surfactant, by using volume fixed and pressure falling method. Experimental results show that magnetization will have effect on the induction time of NGH. After magnetization with magnetic field intensity of 0.33 T, the induction time of NGH has been reduced to 47 min (average) from 99 min (average) in which there is no magnetization. On the other hand, the induction time has been prolonged after magnetization of the diluted solution with magnetic field intensity of 0.05 T, 0. 11 T, 0.22 T, 0.44T. Especially with magnetic field intensity of 0.11 T, the induction time had even been prolonged to 431min (average). The effect of magnetization on the growth period of NGH has not been found at the experimental condition.
文摘The kinetics of the thermal decomposition for a naturally ageing ammonium perchlorate(AP) and hydroxyl-terminated-polybutadiene(HTPB) base bleed composite propellant were investigated using a differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The naturally ageing AP/HTPB base bleed propellant samples have been stored in a sealed plastic bag at room temperature(5-25 ℃) for more than 20 years. The experimental DSC results were obtained by placing samples(each about 1.5 mg) in a sealed pan under non-isothermal condition under different heating rates, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 30.0 ℃·min^(-1). The activation energy and pre-exponential factor were estimated based on the relationship between the exothermic peak temperature and the heating rate by Ozawa and Kissinger methods, respectively. The decomposition kinetic parameters is lower the values under laboratorial aging condition.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(50508035)the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China(20070411121)
文摘In order to assess the differences between the human body thermal sensation in naturally ventilated space and that in air-conditioned space,the fuzzy evaluation model was adopted in the research of thermal sensation in naturally ventilated space.Based on the questionnaires and field measurements,the membership functions were presented by the statistic of the covering frequency to the fuzzy subset.Dry-bulb temperature was taken as the only independent variable for membership functions.The maximum values of membership grades are all at 0.5 or so,which is a distinction character on thermal comfort of naturally ventilated space.By the calculating results of membership grades value to different fuzzy evaluation subsets,the Predicted Mean Vote(PMV)was obtained.Furthermore,energy coefficient(Ea)was introduced to calculate the energy consumption,and the prediction methods of residential building energy consumption were also discussed.Finally,the importance of evaluation model of thermal sense is shown through the energy consumption prediction in a specific residential building.
基金Project(30700094) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (CSTC, 2008BB7187) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of CQ CSTC, China+2 种基金Project (20092x07104-003-02)supported by the National Science and Technology MinistrySubsidy from the Pro Natural Fund of Japan for 2007Research project for a sustainable development of economic and social structure dependent on the environment of the eastern coast of Asia from Tokyo University of Information
文摘The effects of urban remnant natural evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBLF) on the restoration of artificial pine forests surrounding it were studied with reference to species composition,biodiversity,dominant species and stand structure on Mt. Tieshanping in Chongqing metropolis,Southwest China. The seeds from the remnant EBLF naturally facilitate the restoration process of artificial Pinus massoniana forests near it. The similarity of species composition between the artificial Pinus massoniana forests and the remnant EBLF and biodiversity index of the artificial Pinus massoniana forests decrease as the distance from the remnant EBLF increases. Castanopsis carlesii var. spinusa is the dominant species in the ground vegetation,shrub layer and sub-tree layer of the Pinus massoniana forests near the remnant EBLF. However,the natural restoration processes of those farther away from the remnant EBLF are restricted for the absence of seed source of the inherent components of the remnant EBLF,and the anthropogenic measures should be taken to facilitate the restoration process.
文摘Interest in the possibility of storing and transporting natural gas in the form of clathrate hydrates has been increasing in recent years, particularly in some gas-importing and exporting countries.The technologies necessary for realizing this possibility may be classified into those relevant to the four serial processes (a) the formation of a hydrate, (b) the processing (dewatering, pelletizing, etc. ) of the formed hydrate, (c) the storage and transportation of the processed hydrate, and (d) the regasification (dissociation) of the hydrate. The technological development of any of these processes is still at an early stage. For hydrate formation, for example, various rival operations have been proposed. However,many of them have never been subjected to actual tests for practical use. More efforts are required for examining the different hydrate-formation technologies and for rating them by comparison. The general design of the processing of the formed hydrate inevitably depends on both the hydrate-formation process and the storage/transportation process, hence it has a wide variability. The major uncertainty in the storage-process design lies in the as-yet unclarified utility of the "self-preservation" effect of the naturalgas hydrates. The process design as well as the relevant cost evaluation should strongly depend on whether the hydrates are well preserved at atmospheric pressure in large-scale storage facilities. The regasification process has been studied less extensively than the former processes. The state of the art of the technological development in each of the serial processes is reviewed, placing emphasis on the hydrate formation process.
基金The project supported by the Bio-Synergy Research Project(NRF-2012M3A9C4048758)of the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning through the National Research Foundation
文摘OBJECTIVE To identify compound combinations as candidate multi-component drugs for the type 2 diabetes from natural product information.METHODS Chemical composition information of herbs in natural medicine was acquired by integrating conventional databases;Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Database(TCM-ID)and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database(TCMID).Therapeutic effect of each herb on the type 2 diabetes was examined by analyzing annotated function information with a text-mining method.The Apriori algorithm,which is a classical method for extracting associations between object in large-scale databases,was employed to infer association rules between compound combinations and therapeutic effect on the target disease.The chemical composition and therapeutic information of each herb was used as a transaction,which consists of the chemical compound combination as an antecedent item set and the therapeutic effect as a consequent item.The association rules with high support and confidence value were suggested as candidate multi-component drugs for the type 2 diabetes.RESULTS Totally 40 941 association rules were inferred with support lower bound 0.05% and maximum rule length 4.With respect to support and confidence,the top-ranked compound combination was puerarin and daidzin(support=0.15%,confidence=100%).In addition,the top 16 compound combinations were composed of 11 individual chemical compounds;puerarin,daidzin,abscisic acid,batatisine,dopamine,cholesterol,daidzein,gamma-aminobutyric acid,stigmasterol,campesteryl ferulate,and campesterol.To validate therapeutic effect of the proposed compound combinations,literature evidences of each individual compound were investigated.Among the 11 individual compounds,six compounds were reported to be effective for the treatment of the diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION By analyzing natural product in formation with association rule mining,16 compound combinations are suggested as candidate multi-component drugs for the type 2 diabetes.These compound combinations are recommended for further investigation in the context of drug development.
基金Supported by Youth Science Foundation from Henan University of Science and Technology(2013)
文摘The dynamic changes in the malondialdehyde（MDA）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein contents, as well as the relative electrolyte conductivity and the corresponding cold resistance, of Cinnamomum bodinieri Level., C. camphora L., and C. caudiferum Kisterm were investigated during the winter months of October 2009 to April 2010. During the short period of temperature decline that lasted until mid-December, the changes in the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content with temperature were insignificant. In January, SOD activity continued to increase and then peaked as a result of rapid increases in soluble sugar, proline, soluble protein, as well as the inhibition of the relative electrolyte conductivity and decrease in MDA content. These physiological changes protected the camphor trees from cold damage during winter. From February to March, SOD activity and the soluble protein and proline contents increased with the increase in temperature. However, the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content decreased, indicating that the cell membrane damaged by low temperature was gradually being repaired. The cold dip in April led to slight increases in the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content. Using a fuzzy mathematics method, the cold resistance adaptability of the camphor trees was divided into three periods namely, the enhancement setting stage, the vigorous stage, and the reducing stage. The cold tolerance abilities were ranked as the following order： C. bodinieri Level〉C. camphora L.〉C. caudiferum Kisterm.
文摘The 1/15 reduced-scale experiments using Froude scaling were designed to study the effect on the smoke control efficiency for subway tunnel fires with natural ventilation mode.The propane gas fires with heat release rate 11.48 kW was used,which corresponds to the heat release rate 10 MW in the full-scale tunnel.The temperature distributions under the ceiling were measured by K-type thermocouples to investigate smoke movement,and the velocity of smoke in shafts was measured by hot-wire anemometer to obtain the smoke extract amount of ventilation shafts.The results show that the smoke temperature under the ceiling varies with the longitudinal different distance from fire source.The results also show that the smoke temperature distributions and the smoke control efficiency in tunnel vary with the space between ventilation shafts and vary with the area and the height of ventilation shaft.
文摘Characterization of water, waste water and natural organic matter are involved in this paper, and as well as the features of flocculation and coagulation for removing natural organic matter from water and waste water Novel flocculant and coagualant is strongly asked for improving removal efficiency and environment friendly. Enhanced coagulation is introduced to meet the experimental and practical requirement.
基金Projects(51238009,51578426,51308420)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Characteristic of cyclic loading due to passing wheels is associated with one-way loading without stress reversal,which includes a simultaneous cyclic variation of vertical normal stress and horizontal normal stress lasting for a long period of time and generally takes place in partially-drained conditions.Therefore,it is of great practical relevance to study the deformation behaviour according to the characteristic of traffic loading.In this work,a series of one-way stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests with a simultaneous variation of the vertical and horizontal stress components during cyclic loading were conducted to investigate the deformation behaviour of natural K_0-consolidated soft clay in partially-drained conditions.Test results demonstrate that not only the deviator part of the stress rules accumulation but also the volumetric part significantly contributes.While the deviator part of the stress amplitude is held constant,the increase amplitude of cyclic confining pressure will promote the development of both permanent volumetric strain and axial strain significantly.Furthermore,the effects of cyclic confining pressure on the deformation of natural K_0-consolidated soft clay was quantified.Finally,an empirical formula for permanent axial strain considering the effects of cyclic confining pressure was proposed which can be used for feasibility studies or for the preliminary design of foundations on K_0-consolidated soft clay subjected to traffic loading.
基金Universiti Kuala Lumpur(UniKL)the Ministry of Education Malaysia for providing the scholarship award+1 种基金financially support through UniKL Grant Scheme(STRG 15144)to the principal author in this projectHiCOE grant(6369107)from the Ministry of Education,Malaysia。
文摘The paper presents the investigation of the effect of alkaline treatment of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) on physical and dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA) viscoelastic properties of kenaf fibre filled natural rubber(NR)/thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU) composites.The treated kenaf fiber,NR and TPU were weighed and proportioned according to the required compositions and were blended using hot mixed Brabender machine.The polymer composites were then fabricated using the hot press to form a sample board.The sample was cut and prepared and water absorption,density,thickness swelling and DMA tests were performed.As far as physical properties are concerned,composites with the highest NR amount of shows the best results,which indicates good fiber bonding adhesion.The polymer composites with the highest amount of TPU shows the highest damping properties at high temperature.
文摘Natural convection heat transfer from annular finned tubes was studied numerically. Effects of fin spacing, temperature difference and tube diameter on flow pathlines and local heat transfer were also studied. It was shown that pathlines remain mostly circular for different geometries. Moreover, the contributions of fin periphery, fin side and bare tube to heat transfer were specified. It was shown that the heat transfer per unit area of fin periphery can be several times that of other parts. Moreover, in higher finspacing, the heat transfer from the bare tube can be more important than fin sides.
基金Project(2020YFC1908802) supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China。
文摘Natural minerals receive growing attention as inexpensive, green, and efficient catalysts for degradation of organic pollutants. Mechanical activation of natural chalcopyrite was conducted for improving the catalytic performance.Tetracycline degradation was evaluated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and mechanically activated chalcopyrite.Tetracycline degradation at 100 min is 55.52%(Chp10), 68.97%(Chp30), 77.79%(Chp60), and 86.43%(Chp120),respectively, and the rate constant of pseudo-first-order kinetics is 0.0079, 0.0109, 0.0137 and 0.0192 min^(-1), respectively.Chalcopyrite samples were examined by multiple characterizations. Mechanical activation of natural chalcopyrite induces the decline of particle size and slight increase of surface area, smaller grain size, lattice strain, and partial sulfur oxidation. The relationship between catalytic activity and property change manifests that the improved catalytic ability is mainly ascribed to the increase of surface area and surface oxidation induced by mechanical activation. This work provides novel insights into the improvement of catalytic performance of natural minerals by mechanical activation.
