2025年3月17日,国际顶级学术期刊《自然·遗传学》(Nature Genetics)刊发题为“Genomic analysis of 1325 Camellia accessions sheds light on agronomic and metabolic traits for tea plant improvement”的研究性论文。该研究...2025年3月17日,国际顶级学术期刊《自然·遗传学》(Nature Genetics)刊发题为“Genomic analysis of 1325 Camellia accessions sheds light on agronomic and metabolic traits for tea plant improvement”的研究性论文。该研究由福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所与中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所等多家单位合作完成。本研究通过对茶树及其近缘种的基因组进行深度重测序,构建了全面的茶树基因组遗传变异图谱,进而揭示了茶树的遗传多样性及其驯化状态。其结果为茶树的遗传进化和精准设计育种提供了有益见解以及重要参考资料。展开更多
Genetic selection in pigs through BLUP was very successful. However, strong selection mainly on growth and number of born alive decreased fitness and reduced environmental changes that animals can tolerate especially ...Genetic selection in pigs through BLUP was very successful. However, strong selection mainly on growth and number of born alive decreased fitness and reduced environmental changes that animals can tolerate especially under suboptimal environments. Additional challenges are genetic differences between purebreds (selected animals) and crossbreds (commercial animals), and possibly different environments for these groups of animals. A successful genetic selection at this time requires comprehensive data for all levels of the pyramid, multitrait models for a variety of traits including categorical and survival, and software that can implement complicated models while supporting large data sets. Many projects in pig genetic evaluation are carried out at the University of Georgia. Those studies are supported by software family called BGF90.展开更多
Wild boar is one of the most important beast resources. It plays an important role in the maintenance of biological diversity. The genetic resources of wild boar can not only protect the genetic resources, but also im...Wild boar is one of the most important beast resources. It plays an important role in the maintenance of biological diversity. The genetic resources of wild boar can not only protect the genetic resources, but also improve the formation of new breeds in pigs. This paper summarized the advance on the main biological characteristics of wild boars, evolutionary origin between wild boars and domesticated pigs, and development and utilization of wild boars aimed to provide further insight into wild boar＇s genetic research and its resource protection.展开更多
Cells of organ systems are endowed with a relatively similar genome while epigenome niches keep varying chronologically and defined explicitly in the respective tissues.The genome of an individual is always influenced...Cells of organ systems are endowed with a relatively similar genome while epigenome niches keep varying chronologically and defined explicitly in the respective tissues.The genome of an individual is always influenced by parental,embryonic,tissue-specific,and environmental epigenomes and the same must have been the possible reason for invariable inquiries relating to familial,environmental and life style patterns in the preliminary investigations of diabetic complications.Unprecedented methylation of lysine residues of histones and cytosines of CpG islands of promoter DNA impede the transcription of genes and homocysteine is the metabolic key player of methyl groups.Gck and COX7A1 are the 2 examples in the present review to elucidate the epigenetic influence on the onset of diabetes.miRNAs are additional promising cellular components influencing both at transcriptional and translational levels and promoting either in favour or against(i.e.,feed back) TFs,signaling factors and proteins through their pliotropic effects and thus are reported to regulate cellular physiology.miR-124a and miR-9 are primarily endemic to nervous tissue and they are now being exploited in islets for their function in executing exocytosis of insulin,which of course is one of the fundamental canons of diabetes.miR-375 persuades beta cells for glucose-induced insulin gene expression.The current approach to evaluate the constellation of genes and their products involved in diabetes in huge number of samples through GWA studies may unravel intricacies involved in the management of diabetes and its associated consequences.展开更多
Our goal is to develop elite lines with low total gossypol levels in the seed using conventional genetic techniques.There are a number of ways to reduce seed gossypol,including mechanical
The Cotton Programme of CIRAD undertakesdifferent research programs aiming at utilizingDNA molecular markers for an applied molecularbreeding of cotton.These programs cover areasfrom marker-assisted selection for fibe...The Cotton Programme of CIRAD undertakesdifferent research programs aiming at utilizingDNA molecular markers for an applied molecularbreeding of cotton.These programs cover areasfrom marker-assisted selection for fiber qualityto functional genomic study of cotton fiberdevelopment.The present communication willgive an overview of major achievements in thesea reas.展开更多
The structure and shape of a cotton shrub aredetermined in result of combining theirelements:length and amount internodes of amain stem and fruit brunches,amount and shapeof leaf blades.Some lines of genetic collectio...The structure and shape of a cotton shrub aredetermined in result of combining theirelements:length and amount internodes of amain stem and fruit brunches,amount and shapeof leaf blades.Some lines of genetic collectionhave been crossed between each other for展开更多
The NSF Cotton Genome Centers EST projecthas released】36000 cotton fiber EST sequencesfrom Gossypium arboreum,an A-genome diploidspecies.Of the approximately 10000 genesexpressed in rapidly elongating cotton fibers,5...The NSF Cotton Genome Centers EST projecthas released】36000 cotton fiber EST sequencesfrom Gossypium arboreum,an A-genome diploidspecies.Of the approximately 10000 genesexpressed in rapidly elongating cotton fibers,50% or more encode unknown gene functions.The next challenge facing cotton researchers isdetermining the function of the fiber genes,andwhat role each plays in determiningagronomically important fiber traits.展开更多
Genetics Institute Inc.(Cambridge,MA)已同意与山之口制药公司(东京,日本)成立一家50:50联合风险公司,共同将 Genetics Institute(GI)的骨成形蛋白(BMP)和其它药物商业化,并在日本销售。该合资公司将拥有这些药物的经营权,双方将分享...Genetics Institute Inc.(Cambridge,MA)已同意与山之口制药公司(东京,日本)成立一家50:50联合风险公司,共同将 Genetics Institute(GI)的骨成形蛋白(BMP)和其它药物商业化,并在日本销售。该合资公司将拥有这些药物的经营权,双方将分享公司在全世界范围内销售这些药物或者转让给第三者进行销售所获收益.GI展开更多
With the approval of more and more genetically modified(GM)crops in our country,GM safety management has become more important.Transgenic detection is a major approach for transgenic safety management.Nevertheless,a c...With the approval of more and more genetically modified(GM)crops in our country,GM safety management has become more important.Transgenic detection is a major approach for transgenic safety management.Nevertheless,a convenient and visual technique with low equipment requirements and high sensitivity for the field detection of GM plants is still lacking.On the basis of the existing recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)technique,we developed a multiplex RPA(multi-RPA)method that can simultaneously detect three transgenic elements,including the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S gene(CaMV35S)promoter,neomycin phosphotransferaseⅡgene(NptⅡ)and hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene(Hyg),thus improving the detection rate.Moreover,we coupled this multi-RPA technique with the CRISPR/Cas12a reporter system,which enabled the detection results to be clearly observed by naked eyes under ultraviolet(UV)light(254 nm;which could be achieved by a portable UV flashlight),therefore establishing a multi-RPA visual detection technique.Compared with the traditional test strip detection method,this multi-RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a technique has the higher specificity,higher sensitivity,wider application range and lower cost.Compared with other polymerase chain reaction(PCR)techniques,it also has the advantages of low equipment requirements and visualization,making it a potentially feasible method for the field detection of GM plants.展开更多
CIRAD(Montpellier,France) develops research activities centered on tropical and sub-tropical agricultural systems.Among others crops,cotton is the focus of a series of research programs in different disciplines from e...CIRAD(Montpellier,France) develops research activities centered on tropical and sub-tropical agricultural systems.Among others crops,cotton is the focus of a series of research programs in different disciplines from economics to breeding.Major areas in genetics and breeding relate to(1) genetic diversity,(2) cultivar development through classical and molecular breeding,and(3)展开更多
The cultivated Gossypium A genome diploid species G.arboreum and G.herbaceum and the allotetraploid species G.hirsutum and G.barbadense share common morphology for various floral traits,
瓜楼素（trichosathin）是一种核糖体钝化蛋白,是从一种中药植物瓜楼的根中发现的。纯化的α-瓜楼素可引起人免疫缺陷性病毒（HIV）在严重感染的 CD<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>细胞中复制的浓度依赖性抑制。为了...瓜楼素（trichosathin）是一种核糖体钝化蛋白,是从一种中药植物瓜楼的根中发现的。纯化的α-瓜楼素可引起人免疫缺陷性病毒（HIV）在严重感染的 CD<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>细胞中复制的浓度依赖性抑制。为了进一步研究钝化及其突变文本对 HIV 作用的精确机理,需大量蛋白和用于再生和分析突变体的系统。由此,Bioso-展开更多
The major cotton grown commercially in the world is white lint,but recently many people prefer to have garments made by natural colored cotton.This can be used directly in textile industries,avoiding the complicated a...The major cotton grown commercially in the world is white lint,but recently many people prefer to have garments made by natural colored cotton.This can be used directly in textile industries,avoiding the complicated and unsafe processes of bleaching and dying,and thus it is eco-friendly.However,little is known about the heredity of the colored lint gene in colored cotton.In the present study,展开更多
American Home Products Corp.(AHP)(New York,NY)及其子公司Genetics Institute,Ine.(GI)(Cambridge,MA)已开始寻找和开发小分子药物。最初将集中研究分子粘连蛋白治疗自体免疫疾病、炎症和器官移植排斥反应的潜力。根据GI与Wyeth-Ayer...American Home Products Corp.(AHP)(New York,NY)及其子公司Genetics Institute,Ine.(GI)(Cambridge,MA)已开始寻找和开发小分子药物。最初将集中研究分子粘连蛋白治疗自体免疫疾病、炎症和器官移植排斥反应的潜力。根据GI与Wyeth-Ayerst(AHP药学部)展开更多
Wild relatives and un-adapted germplasm of crop species harbors several adaptive traits.Introgression of genes for economic and adaptive traits brings in novel genetic variation into the gene
文摘2025年3月17日,国际顶级学术期刊《自然·遗传学》(Nature Genetics)刊发题为“Genomic analysis of 1325 Camellia accessions sheds light on agronomic and metabolic traits for tea plant improvement”的研究性论文。该研究由福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所与中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所等多家单位合作完成。本研究通过对茶树及其近缘种的基因组进行深度重测序,构建了全面的茶树基因组遗传变异图谱,进而揭示了茶树的遗传多样性及其驯化状态。其结果为茶树的遗传进化和精准设计育种提供了有益见解以及重要参考资料。
文摘Genetic selection in pigs through BLUP was very successful. However, strong selection mainly on growth and number of born alive decreased fitness and reduced environmental changes that animals can tolerate especially under suboptimal environments. Additional challenges are genetic differences between purebreds (selected animals) and crossbreds (commercial animals), and possibly different environments for these groups of animals. A successful genetic selection at this time requires comprehensive data for all levels of the pyramid, multitrait models for a variety of traits including categorical and survival, and software that can implement complicated models while supporting large data sets. Many projects in pig genetic evaluation are carried out at the University of Georgia. Those studies are supported by software family called BGF90.
文摘Wild boar is one of the most important beast resources. It plays an important role in the maintenance of biological diversity. The genetic resources of wild boar can not only protect the genetic resources, but also improve the formation of new breeds in pigs. This paper summarized the advance on the main biological characteristics of wild boars, evolutionary origin between wild boars and domesticated pigs, and development and utilization of wild boars aimed to provide further insight into wild boar＇s genetic research and its resource protection.
基金One of the authors(Sreerama Krupanidhi)is grateful to DST,and DBT,New Delhi,India,for providing funds through FIST and BIF programmes respectively during the time of which the present review is conceived.
文摘Cells of organ systems are endowed with a relatively similar genome while epigenome niches keep varying chronologically and defined explicitly in the respective tissues.The genome of an individual is always influenced by parental,embryonic,tissue-specific,and environmental epigenomes and the same must have been the possible reason for invariable inquiries relating to familial,environmental and life style patterns in the preliminary investigations of diabetic complications.Unprecedented methylation of lysine residues of histones and cytosines of CpG islands of promoter DNA impede the transcription of genes and homocysteine is the metabolic key player of methyl groups.Gck and COX7A1 are the 2 examples in the present review to elucidate the epigenetic influence on the onset of diabetes.miRNAs are additional promising cellular components influencing both at transcriptional and translational levels and promoting either in favour or against(i.e.,feed back) TFs,signaling factors and proteins through their pliotropic effects and thus are reported to regulate cellular physiology.miR-124a and miR-9 are primarily endemic to nervous tissue and they are now being exploited in islets for their function in executing exocytosis of insulin,which of course is one of the fundamental canons of diabetes.miR-375 persuades beta cells for glucose-induced insulin gene expression.The current approach to evaluate the constellation of genes and their products involved in diabetes in huge number of samples through GWA studies may unravel intricacies involved in the management of diabetes and its associated consequences.
文摘Our goal is to develop elite lines with low total gossypol levels in the seed using conventional genetic techniques.There are a number of ways to reduce seed gossypol,including mechanical
文摘The Cotton Programme of CIRAD undertakesdifferent research programs aiming at utilizingDNA molecular markers for an applied molecularbreeding of cotton.These programs cover areasfrom marker-assisted selection for fiber qualityto functional genomic study of cotton fiberdevelopment.The present communication willgive an overview of major achievements in thesea reas.
文摘The structure and shape of a cotton shrub aredetermined in result of combining theirelements:length and amount internodes of amain stem and fruit brunches,amount and shapeof leaf blades.Some lines of genetic collectionhave been crossed between each other for
文摘The NSF Cotton Genome Centers EST projecthas released】36000 cotton fiber EST sequencesfrom Gossypium arboreum,an A-genome diploidspecies.Of the approximately 10000 genesexpressed in rapidly elongating cotton fibers,50% or more encode unknown gene functions.The next challenge facing cotton researchers isdetermining the function of the fiber genes,andwhat role each plays in determiningagronomically important fiber traits.
文摘Genetics Institute Inc.(Cambridge,MA)已同意与山之口制药公司(东京,日本)成立一家50:50联合风险公司,共同将 Genetics Institute(GI)的骨成形蛋白(BMP)和其它药物商业化,并在日本销售。该合资公司将拥有这些药物的经营权,双方将分享公司在全世界范围内销售这些药物或者转让给第三者进行销售所获收益.GI
基金the Experimental Technology Research Project of Zhejiang University(SYB202138)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000195)。
文摘With the approval of more and more genetically modified(GM)crops in our country,GM safety management has become more important.Transgenic detection is a major approach for transgenic safety management.Nevertheless,a convenient and visual technique with low equipment requirements and high sensitivity for the field detection of GM plants is still lacking.On the basis of the existing recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)technique,we developed a multiplex RPA(multi-RPA)method that can simultaneously detect three transgenic elements,including the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S gene(CaMV35S)promoter,neomycin phosphotransferaseⅡgene(NptⅡ)and hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene(Hyg),thus improving the detection rate.Moreover,we coupled this multi-RPA technique with the CRISPR/Cas12a reporter system,which enabled the detection results to be clearly observed by naked eyes under ultraviolet(UV)light(254 nm;which could be achieved by a portable UV flashlight),therefore establishing a multi-RPA visual detection technique.Compared with the traditional test strip detection method,this multi-RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a technique has the higher specificity,higher sensitivity,wider application range and lower cost.Compared with other polymerase chain reaction(PCR)techniques,it also has the advantages of low equipment requirements and visualization,making it a potentially feasible method for the field detection of GM plants.
文摘CIRAD(Montpellier,France) develops research activities centered on tropical and sub-tropical agricultural systems.Among others crops,cotton is the focus of a series of research programs in different disciplines from economics to breeding.Major areas in genetics and breeding relate to(1) genetic diversity,(2) cultivar development through classical and molecular breeding,and(3)
文摘The cultivated Gossypium A genome diploid species G.arboreum and G.herbaceum and the allotetraploid species G.hirsutum and G.barbadense share common morphology for various floral traits,
文摘瓜楼素（trichosathin）是一种核糖体钝化蛋白,是从一种中药植物瓜楼的根中发现的。纯化的α-瓜楼素可引起人免疫缺陷性病毒（HIV）在严重感染的 CD<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>细胞中复制的浓度依赖性抑制。为了进一步研究钝化及其突变文本对 HIV 作用的精确机理,需大量蛋白和用于再生和分析突变体的系统。由此,Bioso-
文摘The major cotton grown commercially in the world is white lint,but recently many people prefer to have garments made by natural colored cotton.This can be used directly in textile industries,avoiding the complicated and unsafe processes of bleaching and dying,and thus it is eco-friendly.However,little is known about the heredity of the colored lint gene in colored cotton.In the present study,
文摘Wild relatives and un-adapted germplasm of crop species harbors several adaptive traits.Introgression of genes for economic and adaptive traits brings in novel genetic variation into the gene
