The dwell scheduling problem for a multifunctional radar system is led to the formation of corresponding optimiza-tion problem.In order to solve the resulting optimization prob-lem,the dwell scheduling process in a sc...The dwell scheduling problem for a multifunctional radar system is led to the formation of corresponding optimiza-tion problem.In order to solve the resulting optimization prob-lem,the dwell scheduling process in a scheduling interval(SI)is formulated as a Markov decision process(MDP),where the state,action,and reward are specified for this dwell scheduling problem.Specially,the action is defined as scheduling the task on the left side,right side or in the middle of the radar idle time-line,which reduces the action space effectively and accelerates the convergence of the training.Through the above process,a model-free reinforcement learning framework is established.Then,an adaptive dwell scheduling method based on Q-learn-ing is proposed,where the converged Q value table after train-ing is utilized to instruct the scheduling process.Simulation results demonstrate that compared with existing dwell schedul-ing algorithms,the proposed one can achieve better scheduling performance considering the urgency criterion,the importance criterion and the desired execution time criterion comprehen-sively.The average running time shows the proposed algorithm has real-time performance.展开更多
In the modern wireless communication system,the manipulation for polarization of electromagnetic wave plays a important role in improving the capacity and reliability of communication.In this paper,a multifunctional p...In the modern wireless communication system,the manipulation for polarization of electromagnetic wave plays a important role in improving the capacity and reliability of communication.In this paper,a multifunctional polarization converter(MFPC)based on the multilayer reconfigurable metasurface is proposed,which can assist the source antenna to transmit and receive multiple polarization signals.The MFPC consists of a grating which can filter out the undesired polarization and four layers of metasurfaces incorporated with PIN diodes.The functions of the MFPC include LTC and LTL polarization conversions,co-polarization transmission and reflection for arbitrary polarization.By changing the states of PIN diodes,the functions of MFPC can be dynamically switched.Loaded on the aperture of source antenna,the proposed MFPC can serve as a transmissive array with multiple polarization channels,and can also provide EM protection for source antenna by reflecting the incoming interference waves.Cascading of the metasurfaces produces Fabry-Perot resonance in the MFPC,and it contributes to the realization of LTC and LTL polarization conversions.To verify the performance of the proposed MFPC,the prototype is fabricated and tested.The measured results show that the fractional bandwidths of four functions are all higher than 31.9% with transmission or reflection coefficients higher than-2 d B.The frequency band of each function is mainly concentrated in S-band.The measured data are in agreement with the simulated results.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Considerable effort has recently been directed at developing multifunctional opioid drugs as an alternative strategy to minimize the unwanted side effects of opioid analgesics.We recently developed a novel m...OBJECTIVE Considerable effort has recently been directed at developing multifunctional opioid drugs as an alternative strategy to minimize the unwanted side effects of opioid analgesics.We recently developed a novel multifunctional agonist for opioid and neuropeptide FF(NPFF) receptors named DN-9.The present study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacological activities of DN-9 after peripheral administration.METHODS Antinociceptive activities of subcutaneous DN-9 were investigated in mouse models of acute inflammatory and neuropathic pain.Furthermore,the side-effects of DN-9 were evaluated after peripheral injection in rotarod,antinociceptive tolerance,abuse and gastrointestinal transit tests.RESULTS Subcutaneous DN-9 dose-dependently produced antinociception via peripheral mu-and kappa-opioid receptors,independent of delta-opioid and NPFF receptors,in the tail-flick assay.Similarly,a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect of DN-9 was mediated via peripheral opioid receptors in other inflammatory and neuropathic pain models.Repeated treatment with DN-9 produced antinociceptive effects without a loss of potency in various models of acute,inflammatory and neuropathic pain.DN-9 maintained potent analgesia in morphine-tolerant mice.The gastrointestinal motility inhibition and abuse properties of DN-9 were significantly reduced after subcutaneous injection compared to morphine.DN-9 did not significantly influence the motor coordination of mice.CONCLUSION Subcutaneous administration of DN-9 produces potent analgesic activities with minimal side effects.These data strengthen the therapeutic potential of peripherally acting opioids with multifunctional agonistic properties that are active in a broad range of experimental pain models after peripheral delivery.展开更多
A new multifunctional mPEG-b-PAA-grafted chitosan copolymer possessing amino and carboxyl groups,mPEG-b-PAA-g-CHI(compound 6) ,was designed for a potential application in gene/drug delivery and synthesized by the meth...A new multifunctional mPEG-b-PAA-grafted chitosan copolymer possessing amino and carboxyl groups,mPEG-b-PAA-g-CHI(compound 6) ,was designed for a potential application in gene/drug delivery and synthesized by the methods of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) polymerization of acrylic acid(AA) and grafting reaction of a biodegradable chitosan(CHI) derivative.Completion of the reactions and characterization of the resulting compounds were demonstrated by 1 H NMR,FTIR and gel permeation chtomatography(GPC) studies.The results show that the molar ratio of amino groups to carboxyl groups in the copolymer(compound 6) is 0.41-0.59.展开更多
Smart batteries play a key role in upgrading energy storage systems.However,they require a well-balanced integration of material structure,functional properties,and electrochemical performance,and their development is...Smart batteries play a key role in upgrading energy storage systems.However,they require a well-balanced integration of material structure,functional properties,and electrochemical performance,and their development is limited by conventional material systems in terms of energy density,response time,and functional integration.Carbon materials have emerged as a key solution for overcoming these problems due to their structural adjustability and multifunctional compatibility.Strategies for improving their electrochemical performance by changing the pore structure and interlayer spacing,as well as chemical functionalization,and composite design are analyzed,and their impact on improving the specific capacity and cycling stability of batteries is demonstrated.The unique advantages of carbon materials in realizing smart functions such as power supply,real-time monitoring and energy management in smart batteries are also discussed.Based on current progress in related fields,the prospects for the use of carbon materials in smart batteries are evaluated.展开更多
The multifunctional integration system(MFIS)is based on a common hardware platform that controls and regulates the system’s configurable parameters through software to meet dif-ferent operational requirements.Dwell s...The multifunctional integration system(MFIS)is based on a common hardware platform that controls and regulates the system’s configurable parameters through software to meet dif-ferent operational requirements.Dwell scheduling is a key for the system to realize multifunction and maximize the resource uti-lization.In this paper,an adaptive dwell scheduling optimization model for MFIS which considers the aperture partition and joint radar communication(JRC)waveform is established.To solve the formulated optimization problem,JRC scheduling condi-tions are proposed,including time overlapping condition,beam direction condition and aperture condition.Meanwhile,an effec-tive mechanism to dynamically occupy and release the aperture resource is introduced,where the time-pointer will slide to the earliest ending time of all currently scheduled tasks so that the occupied aperture resource can be released timely.Based on them,an adaptive dwell scheduling algorithm for MFIS with aperture partition and JRC waveform is put forward.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has better com-prehensive scheduling performance than up-to-date algorithms in all considered metrics.展开更多
The task of modeling and analyzing intercepted multifunction radars(MFRs)pulse trains is vital for cognitive electronic reconnaissance.Existing methodologies predominantly rely on prior information or heavily constrai...The task of modeling and analyzing intercepted multifunction radars(MFRs)pulse trains is vital for cognitive electronic reconnaissance.Existing methodologies predominantly rely on prior information or heavily constrained models,posing challenges for non-cooperative applications.This paper introduces a novel approach to model MFRs using a Bayesian network,where the conditional probability density function is approximated by an autoregressive kernel mixture network(ARKMN).Utilizing the estimated probability density function,a dynamic programming algorithm is proposed for denoising and detecting change points in the intercepted MFRs pulse trains.Simulation results affirm the proposed method's efficacy in modeling MFRs,outperforming the state-of-the-art in pulse train denoising and change point detection.展开更多
A real-time dwell scheduling model, which takes the time and energy constraints into account is founded from the viewpoint of scheduling gain. Scheduling design is turned into a nonlinear programming procedure. The re...A real-time dwell scheduling model, which takes the time and energy constraints into account is founded from the viewpoint of scheduling gain. Scheduling design is turned into a nonlinear programming procedure. The real-time dwell scheduling algorithm based on the scheduling gain is presented with the help of two heuristic rules. The simulation results demonstrate that compared with the conventional adaptive scheduling method, the algorithm proposed not only increases the scheduling gain and the time utility but also decreases the task drop rate.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6177109562031007).
文摘The dwell scheduling problem for a multifunctional radar system is led to the formation of corresponding optimiza-tion problem.In order to solve the resulting optimization prob-lem,the dwell scheduling process in a scheduling interval(SI)is formulated as a Markov decision process(MDP),where the state,action,and reward are specified for this dwell scheduling problem.Specially,the action is defined as scheduling the task on the left side,right side or in the middle of the radar idle time-line,which reduces the action space effectively and accelerates the convergence of the training.Through the above process,a model-free reinforcement learning framework is established.Then,an adaptive dwell scheduling method based on Q-learn-ing is proposed,where the converged Q value table after train-ing is utilized to instruct the scheduling process.Simulation results demonstrate that compared with existing dwell schedul-ing algorithms,the proposed one can achieve better scheduling performance considering the urgency criterion,the importance criterion and the desired execution time criterion comprehen-sively.The average running time shows the proposed algorithm has real-time performance.
基金supported in part by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(G02)(Grant No.U1834203)in part by of the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(S01)(Grant No.2020JDTD0009)。
文摘In the modern wireless communication system,the manipulation for polarization of electromagnetic wave plays a important role in improving the capacity and reliability of communication.In this paper,a multifunctional polarization converter(MFPC)based on the multilayer reconfigurable metasurface is proposed,which can assist the source antenna to transmit and receive multiple polarization signals.The MFPC consists of a grating which can filter out the undesired polarization and four layers of metasurfaces incorporated with PIN diodes.The functions of the MFPC include LTC and LTL polarization conversions,co-polarization transmission and reflection for arbitrary polarization.By changing the states of PIN diodes,the functions of MFPC can be dynamically switched.Loaded on the aperture of source antenna,the proposed MFPC can serve as a transmissive array with multiple polarization channels,and can also provide EM protection for source antenna by reflecting the incoming interference waves.Cascading of the metasurfaces produces Fabry-Perot resonance in the MFPC,and it contributes to the realization of LTC and LTL polarization conversions.To verify the performance of the proposed MFPC,the prototype is fabricated and tested.The measured results show that the fractional bandwidths of four functions are all higher than 31.9% with transmission or reflection coefficients higher than-2 d B.The frequency band of each function is mainly concentrated in S-band.The measured data are in agreement with the simulated results.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(8167328281273355).
文摘OBJECTIVE Considerable effort has recently been directed at developing multifunctional opioid drugs as an alternative strategy to minimize the unwanted side effects of opioid analgesics.We recently developed a novel multifunctional agonist for opioid and neuropeptide FF(NPFF) receptors named DN-9.The present study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacological activities of DN-9 after peripheral administration.METHODS Antinociceptive activities of subcutaneous DN-9 were investigated in mouse models of acute inflammatory and neuropathic pain.Furthermore,the side-effects of DN-9 were evaluated after peripheral injection in rotarod,antinociceptive tolerance,abuse and gastrointestinal transit tests.RESULTS Subcutaneous DN-9 dose-dependently produced antinociception via peripheral mu-and kappa-opioid receptors,independent of delta-opioid and NPFF receptors,in the tail-flick assay.Similarly,a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect of DN-9 was mediated via peripheral opioid receptors in other inflammatory and neuropathic pain models.Repeated treatment with DN-9 produced antinociceptive effects without a loss of potency in various models of acute,inflammatory and neuropathic pain.DN-9 maintained potent analgesia in morphine-tolerant mice.The gastrointestinal motility inhibition and abuse properties of DN-9 were significantly reduced after subcutaneous injection compared to morphine.DN-9 did not significantly influence the motor coordination of mice.CONCLUSION Subcutaneous administration of DN-9 produces potent analgesic activities with minimal side effects.These data strengthen the therapeutic potential of peripherally acting opioids with multifunctional agonistic properties that are active in a broad range of experimental pain models after peripheral delivery.
基金Project(20704011) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(09JJ3027) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(50725825) supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars
文摘A new multifunctional mPEG-b-PAA-grafted chitosan copolymer possessing amino and carboxyl groups,mPEG-b-PAA-g-CHI(compound 6) ,was designed for a potential application in gene/drug delivery and synthesized by the methods of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) polymerization of acrylic acid(AA) and grafting reaction of a biodegradable chitosan(CHI) derivative.Completion of the reactions and characterization of the resulting compounds were demonstrated by 1 H NMR,FTIR and gel permeation chtomatography(GPC) studies.The results show that the molar ratio of amino groups to carboxyl groups in the copolymer(compound 6) is 0.41-0.59.
文摘Smart batteries play a key role in upgrading energy storage systems.However,they require a well-balanced integration of material structure,functional properties,and electrochemical performance,and their development is limited by conventional material systems in terms of energy density,response time,and functional integration.Carbon materials have emerged as a key solution for overcoming these problems due to their structural adjustability and multifunctional compatibility.Strategies for improving their electrochemical performance by changing the pore structure and interlayer spacing,as well as chemical functionalization,and composite design are analyzed,and their impact on improving the specific capacity and cycling stability of batteries is demonstrated.The unique advantages of carbon materials in realizing smart functions such as power supply,real-time monitoring and energy management in smart batteries are also discussed.Based on current progress in related fields,the prospects for the use of carbon materials in smart batteries are evaluated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6203100762371093).
文摘The multifunctional integration system(MFIS)is based on a common hardware platform that controls and regulates the system’s configurable parameters through software to meet dif-ferent operational requirements.Dwell scheduling is a key for the system to realize multifunction and maximize the resource uti-lization.In this paper,an adaptive dwell scheduling optimization model for MFIS which considers the aperture partition and joint radar communication(JRC)waveform is established.To solve the formulated optimization problem,JRC scheduling condi-tions are proposed,including time overlapping condition,beam direction condition and aperture condition.Meanwhile,an effec-tive mechanism to dynamically occupy and release the aperture resource is introduced,where the time-pointer will slide to the earliest ending time of all currently scheduled tasks so that the occupied aperture resource can be released timely.Based on them,an adaptive dwell scheduling algorithm for MFIS with aperture partition and JRC waveform is put forward.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has better com-prehensive scheduling performance than up-to-date algorithms in all considered metrics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62301119。
文摘The task of modeling and analyzing intercepted multifunction radars(MFRs)pulse trains is vital for cognitive electronic reconnaissance.Existing methodologies predominantly rely on prior information or heavily constrained models,posing challenges for non-cooperative applications.This paper introduces a novel approach to model MFRs using a Bayesian network,where the conditional probability density function is approximated by an autoregressive kernel mixture network(ARKMN).Utilizing the estimated probability density function,a dynamic programming algorithm is proposed for denoising and detecting change points in the intercepted MFRs pulse trains.Simulation results affirm the proposed method's efficacy in modeling MFRs,outperforming the state-of-the-art in pulse train denoising and change point detection.
文摘A real-time dwell scheduling model, which takes the time and energy constraints into account is founded from the viewpoint of scheduling gain. Scheduling design is turned into a nonlinear programming procedure. The real-time dwell scheduling algorithm based on the scheduling gain is presented with the help of two heuristic rules. The simulation results demonstrate that compared with the conventional adaptive scheduling method, the algorithm proposed not only increases the scheduling gain and the time utility but also decreases the task drop rate.
