Relationships between stem growth and climatic and edaphic factors,notably air temperatures and soil moisture for different slopes,are not completely understood.Stem radial variations were monitored at the bottom and ...Relationships between stem growth and climatic and edaphic factors,notably air temperatures and soil moisture for different slopes,are not completely understood.Stem radial variations were monitored at the bottom and top slope positions in a Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons.Total precipitation during the growing season in 2017 and 2018 was 566 mm and 728 mm,respectively.Stem contractions typically occurred after mid-morning followed by swelling in the late afternoon in both plots,reflecting the diurnal cycle of water uptake and loss.Trees at the two locations showed the same growth initiation(mid-May)because of the small differences in air and soil temperatures.There were no significant differences in cumulative stem radial growth between the bottom plot(1.57±0.34 mm)and the top plot(1.55±0.26 mm)in 2018.However,in 2017,the main growth period of the bottom plot ceased 17 days earlier than in the top plot,while cumulative seasonal growth of the bottom plot(1.08±0.25 mm)was significantly less than the top plot(1.54±0.43 mm).Maximum daily stem shrinkage was positively correlated with air and soil temperatures,solar radiation,vapor pressure deficits,and negatively correlated with volumetric soil moisture content.The maximum daily shrinkage reflected transpiration rates as affected by environmental factors.Daily radial stem increment was correlated with precipitation and volumetric soil moisture in both years,but with air temperatures only in 2017.The seasonal growth of L.principis-rupprechtii Mayr thus shows interannual dynamics,while precipitation constitutes a key driving factor.展开更多
Dead fine fuel moisture content(DFFMC)is a key factor affecting the spread of forest fires,which plays an important role in evaluation of forest fire risk.In order to achieve high-precision real-time measurement of DF...Dead fine fuel moisture content(DFFMC)is a key factor affecting the spread of forest fires,which plays an important role in evaluation of forest fire risk.In order to achieve high-precision real-time measurement of DFFMC,this study established a long short-term memory(LSTM)network based on particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm as a measurement model.A multi-point surface monitoring scheme combining near-infrared measurement method and meteorological measurement method is proposed.The near-infrared spectral information of dead fine fuels and the meteorological factors in the region are processed by data fusion technology to construct a spectral-meteorological data set.The surface fine dead fuel of Mongolian oak(Quercus mongolica Fisch.ex Ledeb.),white birch(Betula platyphylla Suk.),larch(Larix gmelinii(Rupr.)Kuzen.),and Manchurian walnut(Juglans mandshurica Maxim.)in the maoershan experimental forest farm of the Northeast Forestry University were investigated.We used the PSO-LSTM model for moisture content to compare the near-infrared spectroscopy,meteorological,and spectral meteorological fusion methods.The results show that the mean absolute error of the DFFMC of the four stands by spectral meteorological fusion method were 1.1%for Mongolian oak,1.3%for white birch,1.4%for larch,and 1.8%for Manchurian walnut,and these values were lower than those of the near-infrared method and the meteorological method.The spectral meteorological fusion method provides a new way for high-precision measurement of moisture content of fine dead fuel.展开更多
Assessing and using tree species （exotic or native） with superior tolerance to environmental stresses （such as drought and high temperature） play an important role in afforestation practices. In the present study,...Assessing and using tree species （exotic or native） with superior tolerance to environmental stresses （such as drought and high temperature） play an important role in afforestation practices. In the present study, stem sap flow characteristics and responses to ambient meteo- rological factors of three tree species, Albizzia kalkora （native）, Azadirachta indica （exotic）, and Acacia auriculaeformis （exotic）, in a dry-hot valley （Yuanmou, Yunnan Province, China） were investigated using thermal dissipation probes. The diurnal dynamics of sap flow in three studied species displayed an obvious circadian rhythm during the wet and dry seasons, with the exception of A. indica during the dry season. The sap flow velocity （SFV） in A. kalkora and A. auriculaeformis was significantly positively correlated with photosynthetically active radiation （PAR）, air temperature, vapour pressure deficit （VPD） and wind speed, but negatively correlated with atmospheric relative humidity over the two seasons. The cross-corre- lation analysis also revealed that the SFV of the three species was significantly correlated with PAR and VPD （P 〈 0.001）. Additionally, stem sap flow lagged behind PAR but ahead of VPD, and the diurnal sap flow was more dependent on PAR than on VPD. However, we found that the dominant climatic factor influencing the stem sap flow differed between daytime and nighttime. PAR was more influential than other meteorological factors during the daytime, while VPD or other factors were more influential overnight. When the nighttime refilling ability of the three tree species was compared, our results suggest that A. indica has higher drought resistance and better for afforestation of the studied region.展开更多
基金supported by the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(QCYL-2018-12)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0501603,2017YFC0504602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671025).
文摘Relationships between stem growth and climatic and edaphic factors,notably air temperatures and soil moisture for different slopes,are not completely understood.Stem radial variations were monitored at the bottom and top slope positions in a Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons.Total precipitation during the growing season in 2017 and 2018 was 566 mm and 728 mm,respectively.Stem contractions typically occurred after mid-morning followed by swelling in the late afternoon in both plots,reflecting the diurnal cycle of water uptake and loss.Trees at the two locations showed the same growth initiation(mid-May)because of the small differences in air and soil temperatures.There were no significant differences in cumulative stem radial growth between the bottom plot(1.57±0.34 mm)and the top plot(1.55±0.26 mm)in 2018.However,in 2017,the main growth period of the bottom plot ceased 17 days earlier than in the top plot,while cumulative seasonal growth of the bottom plot(1.08±0.25 mm)was significantly less than the top plot(1.54±0.43 mm).Maximum daily stem shrinkage was positively correlated with air and soil temperatures,solar radiation,vapor pressure deficits,and negatively correlated with volumetric soil moisture content.The maximum daily shrinkage reflected transpiration rates as affected by environmental factors.Daily radial stem increment was correlated with precipitation and volumetric soil moisture in both years,but with air temperatures only in 2017.The seasonal growth of L.principis-rupprechtii Mayr thus shows interannual dynamics,while precipitation constitutes a key driving factor.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Project No.2020YFC2200800,Task No.2020YFC2200803)the Key Projects of the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (Grant No.ZD2021E001)。
文摘Dead fine fuel moisture content(DFFMC)is a key factor affecting the spread of forest fires,which plays an important role in evaluation of forest fire risk.In order to achieve high-precision real-time measurement of DFFMC,this study established a long short-term memory(LSTM)network based on particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm as a measurement model.A multi-point surface monitoring scheme combining near-infrared measurement method and meteorological measurement method is proposed.The near-infrared spectral information of dead fine fuels and the meteorological factors in the region are processed by data fusion technology to construct a spectral-meteorological data set.The surface fine dead fuel of Mongolian oak(Quercus mongolica Fisch.ex Ledeb.),white birch(Betula platyphylla Suk.),larch(Larix gmelinii(Rupr.)Kuzen.),and Manchurian walnut(Juglans mandshurica Maxim.)in the maoershan experimental forest farm of the Northeast Forestry University were investigated.We used the PSO-LSTM model for moisture content to compare the near-infrared spectroscopy,meteorological,and spectral meteorological fusion methods.The results show that the mean absolute error of the DFFMC of the four stands by spectral meteorological fusion method were 1.1%for Mongolian oak,1.3%for white birch,1.4%for larch,and 1.8%for Manchurian walnut,and these values were lower than those of the near-infrared method and the meteorological method.The spectral meteorological fusion method provides a new way for high-precision measurement of moisture content of fine dead fuel.
基金funded by Chinese National Science and technology program(2015BAD07B0105)
文摘Assessing and using tree species （exotic or native） with superior tolerance to environmental stresses （such as drought and high temperature） play an important role in afforestation practices. In the present study, stem sap flow characteristics and responses to ambient meteo- rological factors of three tree species, Albizzia kalkora （native）, Azadirachta indica （exotic）, and Acacia auriculaeformis （exotic）, in a dry-hot valley （Yuanmou, Yunnan Province, China） were investigated using thermal dissipation probes. The diurnal dynamics of sap flow in three studied species displayed an obvious circadian rhythm during the wet and dry seasons, with the exception of A. indica during the dry season. The sap flow velocity （SFV） in A. kalkora and A. auriculaeformis was significantly positively correlated with photosynthetically active radiation （PAR）, air temperature, vapour pressure deficit （VPD） and wind speed, but negatively correlated with atmospheric relative humidity over the two seasons. The cross-corre- lation analysis also revealed that the SFV of the three species was significantly correlated with PAR and VPD （P 〈 0.001）. Additionally, stem sap flow lagged behind PAR but ahead of VPD, and the diurnal sap flow was more dependent on PAR than on VPD. However, we found that the dominant climatic factor influencing the stem sap flow differed between daytime and nighttime. PAR was more influential than other meteorological factors during the daytime, while VPD or other factors were more influential overnight. When the nighttime refilling ability of the three tree species was compared, our results suggest that A. indica has higher drought resistance and better for afforestation of the studied region.
