The inherent mathematic principle of active jamming against the wideband linear frequency modulated（LFM） radar is investigated. According to different generation strategies, the active jamming methods are reclassifi...The inherent mathematic principle of active jamming against the wideband linear frequency modulated（LFM） radar is investigated. According to different generation strategies, the active jamming methods are reclassified into three groups, i.e.,non-coherent jamming（NCJ）, convolution jamming（CJ） and multiplying jamming（MJ）. Based on the classification, the mathematic principles of different active jamming groups are put forward, which describe the relationships between the modulated signals and the jamming results. The advantages and disadvantages of different groups are further analyzed, which provides a new perspective for the study of jamming/anti-jamming methods and a potential for engineers to integrate similar jamming methods into one jammer platform. The analyses and simulation results of some typical active jamming methods prove the validity of the proposed mathematics principle.展开更多
Tunnel water inrush is one of the common geological disasters in the underground engineering construction.In order to effectively evaluate and control the occurrence of water inrush,the risk assessment model of tunnel...Tunnel water inrush is one of the common geological disasters in the underground engineering construction.In order to effectively evaluate and control the occurrence of water inrush,the risk assessment model of tunnel water inrush was proposed based on improved attribute mathematical theory.The trigonometric functions were adopted to optimize the attribute mathematical theory,avoiding the influence of mutation points and linear variation zones in traditional linear measurement functions on the accuracy of the model.Based on comprehensive analysis of various factors,five parameters were selected as the evaluation indicators for the model,including tunnel head pressure,permeability coefficient of surrounding rock,crushing degree of surrounding rock,relative angle of joint plane and tunnel section size,under the principle of dimension rationality,independence,directness and quantification.The indicator classifications were determined.The links among measured data were analyzed in detail,and the objective weight of each indicator was determined by using similar weight method.Thereby the tunnel water inrush risk assessment model is established and applied in four target segments of two different tunnels in engineering.The evaluation results and the actual excavation data agree well,which indicates that the model is of high credibility and feasibility.展开更多
In this paper, novel mathematical expressions are derived for the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver interference tolerance in the presence of different types of interference signals such as: continuous wave int...In this paper, novel mathematical expressions are derived for the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver interference tolerance in the presence of different types of interference signals such as: continuous wave interference, narrowband interference, partial band interference, broadband interference, match spectrum interference and pulse interference. Also, in this paper the mean time to loss lock is determined in order to analyse the mentioned interferences effect on the GPS receiver. These derived analytical expressions are validated with the aid of extensive simulation experiments.展开更多
Precise function expression of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice versus the spool stroke was derived. The computational fluid dynamics was used to analyze the flow features of the sloping U-shape not...Precise function expression of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice versus the spool stroke was derived. The computational fluid dynamics was used to analyze the flow features of the sloping U-shape notch on the spool, such as mass flow rates, flow coefficients, effiux angles and steady state flow forces under different operating conditions. At last, the reliability of the mathematical model of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice on the spool was demonstrated by the comparison between the orifice area curve derived and the corresponding experimental data provided by the test. It is presented that the bottom arc of sloping U-shape notch （ABU） should not be omitted when it is required to accurately calculate the orifice area of ABU. Although the theoretical flow area of plain bottom sloping U-shape notch （PBU） is larger than that of ABU at the same opening, the simulated mass flow and experimental flow area of ABU are both larger than these of PBU at the same opening, while the simulated flow force of PBU is larger than that of ABU at the same opening. Therefore, it should be prior to adapt the ABU when designing the spool with proportional character.展开更多
A novel cooling system combining ultra fast cooling rigs with laminar cooling devices was investigated.Based on the different cooling mechanisms,a serial of mathematic models were established to describe the relations...A novel cooling system combining ultra fast cooling rigs with laminar cooling devices was investigated.Based on the different cooling mechanisms,a serial of mathematic models were established to describe the relationship between water flow and spraying pressure and the relationship between water spraying heat flux and layout of nozzles installed on the top and bottom cooling headers.Model parameters were validated by measured data.Heat transfer models including air convection model,heat radiation model and water cooling capacity model were detailedly introduced.In addition,effects on cooling capacity by water temperature and different valve patterns were also presented.Finally,the comparison results from UFC used or not have been provided with respect to temperature evolution and mechanical properties of Q235B steel grade with thickness of 7.8 mm.Since online application of the sophisticated CTC process control system based on these models,run-out table cooling control system has been running stably and reliably to produce resource-saving,low-cost steels with smaller grain size.展开更多
Rotary kiln process for iron ore oxide pellet production is hard to detect and control.Construction of one-dimensional model of temperature field in rotary kiln was described.And the results lay a solid foundation for...Rotary kiln process for iron ore oxide pellet production is hard to detect and control.Construction of one-dimensional model of temperature field in rotary kiln was described.And the results lay a solid foundation for online control.Establishment of kiln process control expert system was presented,with maximum temperature of pellet and gas temperature at the feed end as control cores,and interval estimate as control strategy.Software was developed and put into application in a pellet plant.The results show that control guidance of this system is accurate and effective.After production application for nearly one year,the compressive strength and first grade rate of pellet are increased by 86 N and 2.54%,respectively,while FeO content is 0.05% lowered.This system can reveal detailed information of real time kiln process,and provide a powerful tool for online control of pellet production.展开更多
A novel spiral non-circular bevel gear that could be applied to variable-speed driving in intersecting axes was proposed by combining the design principles of non-circular bevel gears and the manufacturing principles ...A novel spiral non-circular bevel gear that could be applied to variable-speed driving in intersecting axes was proposed by combining the design principles of non-circular bevel gears and the manufacturing principles of face-milling spiral bevel gears.Unlike straight non-circular bevel gears,spiral non-circular bevel gears have numerous advantages,such as a high contact ratio,high intensity,good dynamic performance,and an adjustable contact region.In addition,while manufacturing straight non-circular bevel gears is difficult,spiral non-circular bevel gears can be efficiently and precisely fabricated with a 6-axis bevel gear cutting machine.First,the generating principles of spiral non-circular bevel gears were introduced.Next,a mathematical model,including a generating tooth profile,tooth spiral,pressure angle,and generated tooth profile for this gear type was established.Then the precision of the model was verified by a tooth contact analysis using FEA,and the contact patterns and stress distributions of the spiral non-circular bevel gears were investigated.展开更多
Grate process is an important step in grate-kiln pellet production.However,as a relatively closed system,the process on grate is inaccessible to direct detection,therefore,it is hard to control.As a result,mathematica...Grate process is an important step in grate-kiln pellet production.However,as a relatively closed system,the process on grate is inaccessible to direct detection,therefore,it is hard to control.As a result,mathematical models of temperature distribution,moisture distribution and oxidation degree distribution in pellet bed,with good universality,computation speed and calculation accuracy,are presented based on analysis of heat transfer and physical-chemical reactions during grate process.And real-time visualization of temperature,moisture and oxidation degree distribution in pellet bed during grate process is realized.Model validation is displayed,and the similarity of 91% is proved.The results can reveal real time status on grate,and provide a solid foundation for the subsequent study of artificial intelligence control system of pellet production.展开更多
In order to improve the strength and stiffness of shield cutterhead, the method of fuzzy mathematics theory in combination with the finite element analysis is adopted. An optimal design model of structural parameters ...In order to improve the strength and stiffness of shield cutterhead, the method of fuzzy mathematics theory in combination with the finite element analysis is adopted. An optimal design model of structural parameters for shield cutterhead is formulated,based on the complex engineering technical requirements. In the model, as the objective function of the model is a composite function of the strength and stiffness, the response surface method is applied to formulate the approximate function of objective function in order to reduce the solution scale of optimal problem. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to solve the cutterhead structure design problem and the change rule of the stress-strain with various structural parameters as well as their optimal values were researched under specific geological conditions. The results show that compared with original cutterhead structure scheme, the obtained optimal scheme of the cutterhead structure can greatly improve the strength and stiffness of the cutterhead, which can be seen from the reduction of its maximum equivalent stress by 21.2%, that of its maximum deformation by 0.75%, and that of its mass by 1.04%.展开更多
The gate assignment at an airport is one of the major activities in airport operations.With the increase of passenger traffic volumes and the number of flights, the complexity of this task and the factors to be consid...The gate assignment at an airport is one of the major activities in airport operations.With the increase of passenger traffic volumes and the number of flights, the complexity of this task and the factors to be considered have increased significantly, and an efficient gate utilizationhas received considerable attention. For overcoming the shortcomings of previous gate assignmentapproaches, this paper presents a partial parallel gate assignment approach, by which more factorsconcerning aircraft and gates can be collsidered at the same time. This paper also presents themethod of using a knowledge-based system combined with a mathematical programming method forgetting an optimized feasible assignment solution. By this way, it is more easily to get the solutionthat satisfies both the static and dynamic situations,and thus it may adapt well to meet the needsof actual use to rea-time operations. An experimental prototype has been implemented, and a casestudy is presented at the end of the paper.展开更多
Load of an automatic feed mechanism is composed of the stretching force of feed belt at the entrance to lower flexible guidance and the friction force between feed belt and flexible guidance. A mathematical model for ...Load of an automatic feed mechanism is composed of the stretching force of feed belt at the entrance to lower flexible guidance and the friction force between feed belt and flexible guidance. A mathematical model for computing the load was presented. An optimization problem was formulated to determine the attitude of the flexible guidance based on the principle that the potential energy stored in the system was the minimum at the equilibrium. Then the friction force was obtained according to the attitude of guide leaves and the moving velocity of the feed belt and the friction factor. Consequently, the load of the automatic feed mechanism can be calculated. Finally, an example was given to compute the load when the horizontal and elevating firing angles of the automation were respectively 45° and 30°. The computing result can be a criterion to determine the designing parameters of automat.展开更多
Based on the analysis of material motion in the axial direction, heat transfer and mass transport processes in a rotary kiln, and combining with pulverized coal combustion, material pyrogenation, cooling of furnace wa...Based on the analysis of material motion in the axial direction, heat transfer and mass transport processes in a rotary kiln, and combining with pulverized coal combustion, material pyrogenation, cooling of furnace wall finally, and heat transfer and mass transport equations, the combined heat transfer mathematical model for alumina rotary kiln was built up. According to the in-site real operation parameters, the heat transfer mathematical model was solved numerically for an alumina rotary kiln to predict the temperature profiles of gas and material in the axial direction. The results show that as the excess air coefficient reduces from 1.38 to 1.20, the temperature of the sintering zone increases and the length decreases. However, as the excess air coefficient reduces from 1.20 to 1.10, the temperature of the sintering zone decreases and the length increases. When the mixed coal amount at the end of kiln is reduced from 68.6 kg/t to 62.0 kg/t and the burned coal amount at the head of kiln correspondingly increases from 155.3 kg/t to 161.9 kg/t, the sintering zone temperature increases and the length reduces. The suitable excess air coefficient and mixed coal amount at the end of kiln are recommended for the rotary kiln operation optimization.展开更多
Grey mathematics is the mathematical foundation of the grey system theory. Recently, some important results have been achieved. In order to accelerate the development of grey mathematics, the results are summarized an...Grey mathematics is the mathematical foundation of the grey system theory. Recently, some important results have been achieved. In order to accelerate the development of grey mathematics, the results are summarized and redefined. This paper includes the fundamental definitions and calculation rules of the grey hazy set, grey number, grey matrix and grey function. Grey mathematics includes four types of operation, i.e. the grey operation, the whitened operation, the covered operation and the only potential true operation. According to its intrinsic quality, the covered operation, which differs from the interval one, is called as the whole-proximate calculation that means the proximate calculation spreads through the whole range of the covered set of every grey number, and we confirm that it may be a new branch of computational or applied mathematics. The overview should develop the grey system theory and grey mathematics.展开更多
Linked tetra shaft and double cantilever flat flap gate is a new type of structure in water conservancy projects,but the traditional method is now adopted in its design.In order to the application and dissemination ...Linked tetra shaft and double cantilever flat flap gate is a new type of structure in water conservancy projects,but the traditional method is now adopted in its design.In order to the application and dissemination of the type of sluice,this paper researches the difficult points of design advance,through researching the motion locus & stress coundition of linked tetra shaft system.The writer will build up the mathmatical model and handle it with the computer.Thus,we can achieve the modern desing on the basis of the software of linked tetra shaft system development.展开更多
In order to study the major performance indicators of the twin-rotor piston engine(TRPE), Matlab/simulink was used to simulate the mathematical models of its thermodynamic processes. With consideration of the characte...In order to study the major performance indicators of the twin-rotor piston engine(TRPE), Matlab/simulink was used to simulate the mathematical models of its thermodynamic processes. With consideration of the characteristics of the working processes in the TRPE, corresponding differential equations were established and then simplified by period features of the TRPE. Finally, the major boundary conditions were figured out. The changing trends of mass, pressure and temperature of working fuel in the working chamber during a complete engine cycle were presented. The simulation results are consistent with the trends of an actual working cycle in the TRPE, which indicates that the method of simulation is feasible. As the pressure in the working chamber is calculated, all the performance parameters of the TRPE can be obtained. The major performance indicators, such as the indicated mean effective pressure, power to weight ratio and the volume power, are also acquired. Compared with three different types of conventional engines, the TRPE has a bigger utilization ratio of cylinder volume, a higher power to weight ratio and a more compact structure. This indicates that TRPE is superior to conventional engines.展开更多
The rigid-plastic analysis of mental forming simulation is formulated as a discrete nonlinear mathematical programming problem with equality and inequality constraints by means of the finite element technique. An iter...The rigid-plastic analysis of mental forming simulation is formulated as a discrete nonlinear mathematical programming problem with equality and inequality constraints by means of the finite element technique. An iteration algorithm is used to solve this formulation, which distinguishes the integration points of the rigid zones and the plastic zones and solves a series of the quadratic programming to overcome the difficulties caused by the nonsmoothness and the nonlinearity of the objective function. This method has been used to carry out the rigid-plastic FEM analysis. An example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.展开更多
To apply the fire modelling for the fire engineer with symbolic mathematics,the key equations of a zone model were demonstrated. There were thirteen variables with nine constraints,so only four ordinary differential e...To apply the fire modelling for the fire engineer with symbolic mathematics,the key equations of a zone model were demonstrated. There were thirteen variables with nine constraints,so only four ordinary differential equations (ODEs) were required to solve. A typical fire modelling with two-room structure was studied. Accordingly,the source terms included in the ODEs were simplified and modelled,and the fourth Runge-Kutta method was used to solve the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with symbolic mathematics. Then a zone model could be used with symbolic mathematics. It is proposed that symbolic mathematics is possible for use by fire engineer.展开更多
According to trends of the development the high-voltage devices’ usage and unpredictable weather causes,we find it very important to research electrical discharge from different sources.In our opinion,the most import...According to trends of the development the high-voltage devices’ usage and unpredictable weather causes,we find it very important to research electrical discharge from different sources.In our opinion,the most important is to analyze an influence of the atmospheric electricity on the air and ground, create an exact mathematical model of the physical processes,and describe the ecological influence.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61271442)
文摘The inherent mathematic principle of active jamming against the wideband linear frequency modulated（LFM） radar is investigated. According to different generation strategies, the active jamming methods are reclassified into three groups, i.e.,non-coherent jamming（NCJ）, convolution jamming（CJ） and multiplying jamming（MJ）. Based on the classification, the mathematic principles of different active jamming groups are put forward, which describe the relationships between the modulated signals and the jamming results. The advantages and disadvantages of different groups are further analyzed, which provides a new perspective for the study of jamming/anti-jamming methods and a potential for engineers to integrate similar jamming methods into one jammer platform. The analyses and simulation results of some typical active jamming methods prove the validity of the proposed mathematics principle.
基金Project(2013CB036004) supported by National Basic Research Program(973)of ChinaProject(51378510) supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Tunnel water inrush is one of the common geological disasters in the underground engineering construction.In order to effectively evaluate and control the occurrence of water inrush,the risk assessment model of tunnel water inrush was proposed based on improved attribute mathematical theory.The trigonometric functions were adopted to optimize the attribute mathematical theory,avoiding the influence of mutation points and linear variation zones in traditional linear measurement functions on the accuracy of the model.Based on comprehensive analysis of various factors,five parameters were selected as the evaluation indicators for the model,including tunnel head pressure,permeability coefficient of surrounding rock,crushing degree of surrounding rock,relative angle of joint plane and tunnel section size,under the principle of dimension rationality,independence,directness and quantification.The indicator classifications were determined.The links among measured data were analyzed in detail,and the objective weight of each indicator was determined by using similar weight method.Thereby the tunnel water inrush risk assessment model is established and applied in four target segments of two different tunnels in engineering.The evaluation results and the actual excavation data agree well,which indicates that the model is of high credibility and feasibility.
文摘In this paper, novel mathematical expressions are derived for the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver interference tolerance in the presence of different types of interference signals such as: continuous wave interference, narrowband interference, partial band interference, broadband interference, match spectrum interference and pulse interference. Also, in this paper the mean time to loss lock is determined in order to analyse the mentioned interferences effect on the GPS receiver. These derived analytical expressions are validated with the aid of extensive simulation experiments.
基金Project(51004085)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Precise function expression of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice versus the spool stroke was derived. The computational fluid dynamics was used to analyze the flow features of the sloping U-shape notch on the spool, such as mass flow rates, flow coefficients, effiux angles and steady state flow forces under different operating conditions. At last, the reliability of the mathematical model of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice on the spool was demonstrated by the comparison between the orifice area curve derived and the corresponding experimental data provided by the test. It is presented that the bottom arc of sloping U-shape notch （ABU） should not be omitted when it is required to accurately calculate the orifice area of ABU. Although the theoretical flow area of plain bottom sloping U-shape notch （PBU） is larger than that of ABU at the same opening, the simulated mass flow and experimental flow area of ABU are both larger than these of PBU at the same opening, while the simulated flow force of PBU is larger than that of ABU at the same opening. Therefore, it should be prior to adapt the ABU when designing the spool with proportional character.
基金Project(51034009)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A novel cooling system combining ultra fast cooling rigs with laminar cooling devices was investigated.Based on the different cooling mechanisms,a serial of mathematic models were established to describe the relationship between water flow and spraying pressure and the relationship between water spraying heat flux and layout of nozzles installed on the top and bottom cooling headers.Model parameters were validated by measured data.Heat transfer models including air convection model,heat radiation model and water cooling capacity model were detailedly introduced.In addition,effects on cooling capacity by water temperature and different valve patterns were also presented.Finally,the comparison results from UFC used or not have been provided with respect to temperature evolution and mechanical properties of Q235B steel grade with thickness of 7.8 mm.Since online application of the sophisticated CTC process control system based on these models,run-out table cooling control system has been running stably and reliably to produce resource-saving,low-cost steels with smaller grain size.
基金Project(NCET-05-0630) supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China
文摘Rotary kiln process for iron ore oxide pellet production is hard to detect and control.Construction of one-dimensional model of temperature field in rotary kiln was described.And the results lay a solid foundation for online control.Establishment of kiln process control expert system was presented,with maximum temperature of pellet and gas temperature at the feed end as control cores,and interval estimate as control strategy.Software was developed and put into application in a pellet plant.The results show that control guidance of this system is accurate and effective.After production application for nearly one year,the compressive strength and first grade rate of pellet are increased by 86 N and 2.54%,respectively,while FeO content is 0.05% lowered.This system can reveal detailed information of real time kiln process,and provide a powerful tool for online control of pellet production.
基金Project(52175361)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2019 CFA 041)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,ChinaProject(WUT:202407002)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘A novel spiral non-circular bevel gear that could be applied to variable-speed driving in intersecting axes was proposed by combining the design principles of non-circular bevel gears and the manufacturing principles of face-milling spiral bevel gears.Unlike straight non-circular bevel gears,spiral non-circular bevel gears have numerous advantages,such as a high contact ratio,high intensity,good dynamic performance,and an adjustable contact region.In addition,while manufacturing straight non-circular bevel gears is difficult,spiral non-circular bevel gears can be efficiently and precisely fabricated with a 6-axis bevel gear cutting machine.First,the generating principles of spiral non-circular bevel gears were introduced.Next,a mathematical model,including a generating tooth profile,tooth spiral,pressure angle,and generated tooth profile for this gear type was established.Then the precision of the model was verified by a tooth contact analysis using FEA,and the contact patterns and stress distributions of the spiral non-circular bevel gears were investigated.
基金Project(NCET050630) supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,China
文摘Grate process is an important step in grate-kiln pellet production.However,as a relatively closed system,the process on grate is inaccessible to direct detection,therefore,it is hard to control.As a result,mathematical models of temperature distribution,moisture distribution and oxidation degree distribution in pellet bed,with good universality,computation speed and calculation accuracy,are presented based on analysis of heat transfer and physical-chemical reactions during grate process.And real-time visualization of temperature,moisture and oxidation degree distribution in pellet bed during grate process is realized.Model validation is displayed,and the similarity of 91% is proved.The results can reveal real time status on grate,and provide a solid foundation for the subsequent study of artificial intelligence control system of pellet production.
基金Project(51074180) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012AA041801) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China+2 种基金Project(2007CB714002) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2013GK3003) supported by the Technology Support Plan of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2010FJ1002) supported by Hunan Science and Technology Major Program,China
文摘In order to improve the strength and stiffness of shield cutterhead, the method of fuzzy mathematics theory in combination with the finite element analysis is adopted. An optimal design model of structural parameters for shield cutterhead is formulated,based on the complex engineering technical requirements. In the model, as the objective function of the model is a composite function of the strength and stiffness, the response surface method is applied to formulate the approximate function of objective function in order to reduce the solution scale of optimal problem. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to solve the cutterhead structure design problem and the change rule of the stress-strain with various structural parameters as well as their optimal values were researched under specific geological conditions. The results show that compared with original cutterhead structure scheme, the obtained optimal scheme of the cutterhead structure can greatly improve the strength and stiffness of the cutterhead, which can be seen from the reduction of its maximum equivalent stress by 21.2%, that of its maximum deformation by 0.75%, and that of its mass by 1.04%.
文摘The gate assignment at an airport is one of the major activities in airport operations.With the increase of passenger traffic volumes and the number of flights, the complexity of this task and the factors to be considered have increased significantly, and an efficient gate utilizationhas received considerable attention. For overcoming the shortcomings of previous gate assignmentapproaches, this paper presents a partial parallel gate assignment approach, by which more factorsconcerning aircraft and gates can be collsidered at the same time. This paper also presents themethod of using a knowledge-based system combined with a mathematical programming method forgetting an optimized feasible assignment solution. By this way, it is more easily to get the solutionthat satisfies both the static and dynamic situations,and thus it may adapt well to meet the needsof actual use to rea-time operations. An experimental prototype has been implemented, and a casestudy is presented at the end of the paper.
基金Project supported by the Seventh Research Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation
文摘Load of an automatic feed mechanism is composed of the stretching force of feed belt at the entrance to lower flexible guidance and the friction force between feed belt and flexible guidance. A mathematical model for computing the load was presented. An optimization problem was formulated to determine the attitude of the flexible guidance based on the principle that the potential energy stored in the system was the minimum at the equilibrium. Then the friction force was obtained according to the attitude of guide leaves and the moving velocity of the feed belt and the friction factor. Consequently, the load of the automatic feed mechanism can be calculated. Finally, an example was given to compute the load when the horizontal and elevating firing angles of the automation were respectively 45° and 30°. The computing result can be a criterion to determine the designing parameters of automat.
基金Project(11C26214202599) supported by the SME Technology Innovation Fund of Ministry of Science and Technology,China
文摘Based on the analysis of material motion in the axial direction, heat transfer and mass transport processes in a rotary kiln, and combining with pulverized coal combustion, material pyrogenation, cooling of furnace wall finally, and heat transfer and mass transport equations, the combined heat transfer mathematical model for alumina rotary kiln was built up. According to the in-site real operation parameters, the heat transfer mathematical model was solved numerically for an alumina rotary kiln to predict the temperature profiles of gas and material in the axial direction. The results show that as the excess air coefficient reduces from 1.38 to 1.20, the temperature of the sintering zone increases and the length decreases. However, as the excess air coefficient reduces from 1.20 to 1.10, the temperature of the sintering zone decreases and the length increases. When the mixed coal amount at the end of kiln is reduced from 68.6 kg/t to 62.0 kg/t and the burned coal amount at the head of kiln correspondingly increases from 155.3 kg/t to 161.9 kg/t, the sintering zone temperature increases and the length reduces. The suitable excess air coefficient and mixed coal amount at the end of kiln are recommended for the rotary kiln operation optimization.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(200902321)a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Program(FP7-PIIFGA-2013-629051)
文摘Grey mathematics is the mathematical foundation of the grey system theory. Recently, some important results have been achieved. In order to accelerate the development of grey mathematics, the results are summarized and redefined. This paper includes the fundamental definitions and calculation rules of the grey hazy set, grey number, grey matrix and grey function. Grey mathematics includes four types of operation, i.e. the grey operation, the whitened operation, the covered operation and the only potential true operation. According to its intrinsic quality, the covered operation, which differs from the interval one, is called as the whole-proximate calculation that means the proximate calculation spreads through the whole range of the covered set of every grey number, and we confirm that it may be a new branch of computational or applied mathematics. The overview should develop the grey system theory and grey mathematics.
文摘Linked tetra shaft and double cantilever flat flap gate is a new type of structure in water conservancy projects,but the traditional method is now adopted in its design.In order to the application and dissemination of the type of sluice,this paper researches the difficult points of design advance,through researching the motion locus & stress coundition of linked tetra shaft system.The writer will build up the mathmatical model and handle it with the computer.Thus,we can achieve the modern desing on the basis of the software of linked tetra shaft system development.
基金Project(7131109)supported by the National Defense Pre-research Foundation of ChinaProject(51175500)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to study the major performance indicators of the twin-rotor piston engine(TRPE), Matlab/simulink was used to simulate the mathematical models of its thermodynamic processes. With consideration of the characteristics of the working processes in the TRPE, corresponding differential equations were established and then simplified by period features of the TRPE. Finally, the major boundary conditions were figured out. The changing trends of mass, pressure and temperature of working fuel in the working chamber during a complete engine cycle were presented. The simulation results are consistent with the trends of an actual working cycle in the TRPE, which indicates that the method of simulation is feasible. As the pressure in the working chamber is calculated, all the performance parameters of the TRPE can be obtained. The major performance indicators, such as the indicated mean effective pressure, power to weight ratio and the volume power, are also acquired. Compared with three different types of conventional engines, the TRPE has a bigger utilization ratio of cylinder volume, a higher power to weight ratio and a more compact structure. This indicates that TRPE is superior to conventional engines.
文摘The rigid-plastic analysis of mental forming simulation is formulated as a discrete nonlinear mathematical programming problem with equality and inequality constraints by means of the finite element technique. An iteration algorithm is used to solve this formulation, which distinguishes the integration points of the rigid zones and the plastic zones and solves a series of the quadratic programming to overcome the difficulties caused by the nonsmoothness and the nonlinearity of the objective function. This method has been used to carry out the rigid-plastic FEM analysis. An example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
基金Project(PolyU B-Q01e) supported by the Research Project "Onsetting of Internal Fire Whirls in Buildings and Associated Safet Provision"
文摘To apply the fire modelling for the fire engineer with symbolic mathematics,the key equations of a zone model were demonstrated. There were thirteen variables with nine constraints,so only four ordinary differential equations (ODEs) were required to solve. A typical fire modelling with two-room structure was studied. Accordingly,the source terms included in the ODEs were simplified and modelled,and the fourth Runge-Kutta method was used to solve the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with symbolic mathematics. Then a zone model could be used with symbolic mathematics. It is proposed that symbolic mathematics is possible for use by fire engineer.
文摘According to trends of the development the high-voltage devices’ usage and unpredictable weather causes,we find it very important to research electrical discharge from different sources.In our opinion,the most important is to analyze an influence of the atmospheric electricity on the air and ground, create an exact mathematical model of the physical processes,and describe the ecological influence.
