【目的】苹果连作障碍是制约苹果产业可持续发展的重要因素之一。研究生物炭复合有机肥混合处理对连作条件下平邑甜茶幼苗生物量、根系呼吸速率、根系指标和土壤环境的影响,探讨生物炭复合有机肥对苹果连作障碍的防控效果,为老果园改造...【目的】苹果连作障碍是制约苹果产业可持续发展的重要因素之一。研究生物炭复合有机肥混合处理对连作条件下平邑甜茶幼苗生物量、根系呼吸速率、根系指标和土壤环境的影响,探讨生物炭复合有机肥对苹果连作障碍的防控效果,为老果园改造提供理论依据。【方法】盆栽条件下,以苹果常用砧木—平邑甜茶为试材,设计了连作土壤(CK)、连作土用溴甲烷熏蒸处理(F)、连作土+2%有机肥(OF)、连作土+2%生物炭(B)、连作土+2%有机肥+2%生物炭(BOF)5个处理。采用常规方法测定了不同处理对平邑甜茶幼苗生物量、根系呼吸速率、根系指标及土壤酶活性的影响,用Illumina Mi Seq 2 x 300 bp平台和实时荧光定量PCR测定了不同处理土壤中真菌群落结构和尖孢镰刀菌数量。【结果】生物炭、有机肥以及二者复合施用,均可提高平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量,三种处理的根系呼吸速率分别是对照的1.3、1.2和1.5倍;经生物炭、有机肥或二者复合处理后,幼苗总根长、根体积以及表面积虽然不如F处理的效果好,但是也明显高于连作土对照,其中BOF处理效果最好,分别是对照的2.3、4.8和3.4倍;三种处理还可增强土壤酶活性,其中以生物炭复合有机肥效果最佳,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性分别为对照的2.1、2.9和2.9倍;三种处理不同程度地改善了连作土壤真菌群落结构,生物炭复合有机肥对土壤真菌丰富度和多样性的提高效果最为显著,与其他三个处理差别明显;溴甲烷灭菌、生物炭配施有机肥处理土壤中尖孢镰刀菌基因拷贝数均显著低于连作土,说明连作土壤中以尖孢镰刀菌为主的有害真菌数量明显减少。【结论】施用生物炭复合有机肥相比于单施生物炭或者有机肥,能更好地提高连作条件下平邑甜茶幼苗的生长发育,增强土壤酶活性,二者配施明显优化了土壤真菌群落结构,降低了土壤中尖孢镰刀菌基因拷贝数。因此,施用生物炭复合有机肥这一综合措施能更好地防控苹果连作障碍。展开更多
以苹果(平邑甜茶)幼苗为试验材料,盆栽条件下以万寿菊植株风干粉末拌土熏蒸老苹果园土壤,为环境友好型熏蒸措施防控苹果连作障碍提供理论依据。试验设置老龄苹果园土壤对照(未作处理,CK)、覆膜(未拌入万寿菊,F)、万寿菊1.5 g kg^(-1)+覆...以苹果(平邑甜茶)幼苗为试验材料,盆栽条件下以万寿菊植株风干粉末拌土熏蒸老苹果园土壤,为环境友好型熏蒸措施防控苹果连作障碍提供理论依据。试验设置老龄苹果园土壤对照(未作处理,CK)、覆膜(未拌入万寿菊,F)、万寿菊1.5 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(1.5T+F)、万寿菊6.0 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(6.0T+F)、万寿菊15.0 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(15.0T+F)。结果表明,与对照相比,万寿菊生物熏蒸处理能显著提高连作土壤中平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量,促进根系生长,提高土壤酶活性,土壤真菌减少、细菌增多。6.0 g kg^(-1)处理的效果最明显,幼苗地上部及根系干重分别为对照的8.1倍、13.1倍,根表面积及根体积分别增加了333.0%、548.4%;脲酶、磷酸酶活性分别较对照高103.6%、77.6%,蔗糖酶活性高出200.4%,过氧化氢酶活性升高64.6%;土壤细菌/真菌比值为219.9,是对照的5.6倍;真菌多样性、均匀度和丰富度指数均降低,优势度指数增加;层出镰孢菌基因拷贝数较对照降低57.9%。主成分分析(PCA)结果显示,万寿菊生物熏蒸处理对连作土壤真菌群落多样性有显著影响,能够显著减少层出镰孢菌的数量。综上,连作土壤中添加6.0 g kg^(-1)万寿菊进行生物熏蒸可提高连作平邑甜茶幼苗生物量,改善连作土壤环境,有效缓解平邑甜茶的连作障碍。展开更多
Malus hupehensis was used as experiment materials.This experiments were conducted to explore the effects of benzoic acid on the productivity of superoxide（O2 ·）,the contents of malondialdehvde（MDA）and sulfhyd...Malus hupehensis was used as experiment materials.This experiments were conducted to explore the effects of benzoic acid on the productivity of superoxide（O2 ·）,the contents of malondialdehvde（MDA）and sulfhydryl group activity（—SH）,antioxidant enzyme activity and mineral elements in roots of M.hupehensis seedlings.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the treatment of 5 mg·kg-1（soil）benzoic acid and CK in above parameters.With 25 mg·kg-1（soil）and 125 mg·kg-1（soil）benzoic acid treatments,O2 · and MDA contents increased in the early period and then declined;—SH content decreased during the treatment time;activities of SOD and POD increased firstly,then decreased,CAT activity decreased firstly and then slightly reversed,but lower than that of CK;SOD,POD and CAT had a similar trend,activities of roots increased under 5 mg·kg-1（soil）benzoic acid,while they were inhibited by 25 mg·kg-1（soil）and 125 mg·kg-1（soil）benzoic acid;mineral elements were decreased.Benzoic acid in low concentration promoted antioxidant enzyme activity,—SH content,and uptake of mineral elements,reduced O2 · and MDA contents.In conclusion,benzoic acid of 5 mg·kg-1（soil）had no effects on Membrance Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant enzymes in roots of M.hupehensis seedlings;at 25 mg·kg-1（soil）and 125 mg·kg-1（soil）,benzoic acid increased Membrance Lipid Peroxidationd,decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes of roots,and damaged integrity and stability of cell membrane in M.hupehensis seedlings,meanwhile,contents of mineral elements were decreased.展开更多
文摘【目的】苹果连作障碍是制约苹果产业可持续发展的重要因素之一。研究生物炭复合有机肥混合处理对连作条件下平邑甜茶幼苗生物量、根系呼吸速率、根系指标和土壤环境的影响,探讨生物炭复合有机肥对苹果连作障碍的防控效果,为老果园改造提供理论依据。【方法】盆栽条件下,以苹果常用砧木—平邑甜茶为试材,设计了连作土壤(CK)、连作土用溴甲烷熏蒸处理(F)、连作土+2%有机肥(OF)、连作土+2%生物炭(B)、连作土+2%有机肥+2%生物炭(BOF)5个处理。采用常规方法测定了不同处理对平邑甜茶幼苗生物量、根系呼吸速率、根系指标及土壤酶活性的影响,用Illumina Mi Seq 2 x 300 bp平台和实时荧光定量PCR测定了不同处理土壤中真菌群落结构和尖孢镰刀菌数量。【结果】生物炭、有机肥以及二者复合施用,均可提高平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量,三种处理的根系呼吸速率分别是对照的1.3、1.2和1.5倍;经生物炭、有机肥或二者复合处理后,幼苗总根长、根体积以及表面积虽然不如F处理的效果好,但是也明显高于连作土对照,其中BOF处理效果最好,分别是对照的2.3、4.8和3.4倍;三种处理还可增强土壤酶活性,其中以生物炭复合有机肥效果最佳,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性分别为对照的2.1、2.9和2.9倍;三种处理不同程度地改善了连作土壤真菌群落结构,生物炭复合有机肥对土壤真菌丰富度和多样性的提高效果最为显著,与其他三个处理差别明显;溴甲烷灭菌、生物炭配施有机肥处理土壤中尖孢镰刀菌基因拷贝数均显著低于连作土,说明连作土壤中以尖孢镰刀菌为主的有害真菌数量明显减少。【结论】施用生物炭复合有机肥相比于单施生物炭或者有机肥,能更好地提高连作条件下平邑甜茶幼苗的生长发育,增强土壤酶活性,二者配施明显优化了土壤真菌群落结构,降低了土壤中尖孢镰刀菌基因拷贝数。因此,施用生物炭复合有机肥这一综合措施能更好地防控苹果连作障碍。
文摘以苹果(平邑甜茶)幼苗为试验材料,盆栽条件下以万寿菊植株风干粉末拌土熏蒸老苹果园土壤,为环境友好型熏蒸措施防控苹果连作障碍提供理论依据。试验设置老龄苹果园土壤对照(未作处理,CK)、覆膜(未拌入万寿菊,F)、万寿菊1.5 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(1.5T+F)、万寿菊6.0 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(6.0T+F)、万寿菊15.0 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(15.0T+F)。结果表明,与对照相比,万寿菊生物熏蒸处理能显著提高连作土壤中平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量,促进根系生长,提高土壤酶活性,土壤真菌减少、细菌增多。6.0 g kg^(-1)处理的效果最明显,幼苗地上部及根系干重分别为对照的8.1倍、13.1倍,根表面积及根体积分别增加了333.0%、548.4%;脲酶、磷酸酶活性分别较对照高103.6%、77.6%,蔗糖酶活性高出200.4%,过氧化氢酶活性升高64.6%;土壤细菌/真菌比值为219.9,是对照的5.6倍;真菌多样性、均匀度和丰富度指数均降低,优势度指数增加;层出镰孢菌基因拷贝数较对照降低57.9%。主成分分析(PCA)结果显示,万寿菊生物熏蒸处理对连作土壤真菌群落多样性有显著影响,能够显著减少层出镰孢菌的数量。综上,连作土壤中添加6.0 g kg^(-1)万寿菊进行生物熏蒸可提高连作平邑甜茶幼苗生物量,改善连作土壤环境,有效缓解平邑甜茶的连作障碍。
文摘Malus hupehensis was used as experiment materials.This experiments were conducted to explore the effects of benzoic acid on the productivity of superoxide（O2 ·）,the contents of malondialdehvde（MDA）and sulfhydryl group activity（—SH）,antioxidant enzyme activity and mineral elements in roots of M.hupehensis seedlings.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the treatment of 5 mg·kg-1（soil）benzoic acid and CK in above parameters.With 25 mg·kg-1（soil）and 125 mg·kg-1（soil）benzoic acid treatments,O2 · and MDA contents increased in the early period and then declined;—SH content decreased during the treatment time;activities of SOD and POD increased firstly,then decreased,CAT activity decreased firstly and then slightly reversed,but lower than that of CK;SOD,POD and CAT had a similar trend,activities of roots increased under 5 mg·kg-1（soil）benzoic acid,while they were inhibited by 25 mg·kg-1（soil）and 125 mg·kg-1（soil）benzoic acid;mineral elements were decreased.Benzoic acid in low concentration promoted antioxidant enzyme activity,—SH content,and uptake of mineral elements,reduced O2 · and MDA contents.In conclusion,benzoic acid of 5 mg·kg-1（soil）had no effects on Membrance Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant enzymes in roots of M.hupehensis seedlings;at 25 mg·kg-1（soil）and 125 mg·kg-1（soil）,benzoic acid increased Membrance Lipid Peroxidationd,decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes of roots,and damaged integrity and stability of cell membrane in M.hupehensis seedlings,meanwhile,contents of mineral elements were decreased.
