The application of molecular tools for the identification of strains,populations and species has become a common practice in a variety of applied and basic investigations in many parts of the world.However,standardiza...The application of molecular tools for the identification of strains,populations and species has become a common practice in a variety of applied and basic investigations in many parts of the world.However,standardization of such applications varies widely among organisms and scientific fields.In this mini-review,the author provides a brief introduction to one of the most prominent effort for species identification-the international barcode of life(iBOL) project,discusses the features of fungal diversity including the proposed fungal barcode DNA fragment-the intergenic spacer regions(ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene clusters,and illustrates the potential promises and problems of using ITS for barcoding and for analyzing the phylogeographic pattern of the wild gourmet mushroom Tricholoma matsutake species complex.The analyses show that identification to species level is often insufficient for practical applications and that sequences from multiple genes in combination with critical morphological and physiological evaluations are needed to identify strains,populations and species.展开更多
Based on Taylor's model and Hawkyard's model, a new simple model for the mushrooming deformation of projectile impacting on a deformable target is installed considering the penetration of the projectile to the...Based on Taylor's model and Hawkyard's model, a new simple model for the mushrooming deformation of projectile impacting on a deformable target is installed considering the penetration of the projectile to the deformable target. In the model, the following time-dependent variables are involved in: the extent and the particle velocity in the rigid zone; the extent, the cross-section area and the particle velocity in plastic zone; the velocity and depth of the penetrating of projectile to the target. Solving the set of equations, analytic solution is given. The profiles of deformed projectile and shape parameters for different initial impact velocities are shown. The duration time of deformation increases with increasing the impact velocity. The analytical results by using this model are coincident with experimental result.展开更多
Organized by People’s Government of Chuxiong Yi Nationality Autonomous prefecture of Yunnan Province,China Chamber of Commerce of Import and Export of Foodstuffs Native Produce and Animal By-Products,Mycological Soc...Organized by People’s Government of Chuxiong Yi Nationality Autonomous prefecture of Yunnan Province,China Chamber of Commerce of Import and Export of Foodstuffs Native Produce and Animal By-Products,Mycological Society of China,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China,the Fifth International Workshop on Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms (IWEMM5) will be held in Chuxiong, Yunnan, China from 26 to 29th August 2007. All aspects of the science of edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms will be covered in the workshop. Considerable time will also be devoted to the trade and cultivation of EEMM which we anticipate will be of benefit to the economic development of the region.展开更多
Although the effectiveness of mushroom products(mushroom derivatives) has been confirmed repeatedly by numerous laboratory experiments and,in some cases,human trials,precisely how these products work is still a matter...Although the effectiveness of mushroom products(mushroom derivatives) has been confirmed repeatedly by numerous laboratory experiments and,in some cases,human trials,precisely how these products work is still a matter of conjecture.Studies on the effectiveness of mushroom products fall into two general categories.One approach has been to isolate and determine the bioactivity of individual mushroom components within a particular class of compounds(e.g.polysaccharides,lectins,triterpenoids,fungal immunomodulatory proteins).The active principal component is then sold in refined or purified form,e.g.the polysaccharide lentinan from the edible/medicinal mushroom Lentinula edodes.Such an approach is certainly valid if the objective is to focus on a single mushroom-derived substance for the treatment of specific disease conditions,e.g.cancers or strokes.In such cases,the products might be(and have been) developed and marketed as prescription drugs.However,an alternative approach is not to focus on a single component within a class of compounds but on groups of compounds that improve overall health and the general quality of life.These composite formulae,in which several different compounds together contribute to the beneficial effect of the mushroom,could then be used collectively as a dietary supplement(nutriceutical).Thus,the medicinal effects afforded by medicinal mushroom products may be attributable to several quite different types of compounds present in the mushrooms,e.g.polysaccharides,lectins,triterpenoids and fungal immunomodulatory proteins.These compounds,and possibly others yet to be identified,appear to act in concert in contributing to the documented anticancer,antitumour,antiviral,antibacterial and immunomodulating properties of the mushroom.Therefore,mushroom nutriceuticals may be deemed to have multifunctional values,the essence of which depends on the integrated effects of the various compounds.Certainly,the overwhelming majority of mushroom-based products currently available are not single components but combinations of several groups of compounds("crude extracts") that together contribute to the overall medicinal effect of the product.Therefore,it is important that future development of mushroom nutriceuticals places emphasis on investigating the functionality and interaction of the groups of compounds found in mushrooms.In some cases,it may be more desirable to consider the total medicinal effect(s) of mushroom "crude extracts"(comprising groups of compounds) and then to ascertain the contributions made to the overall activity by individual components.The consistency of the "crude extracts",both in terms of the overall chemical composition and in the actual levels of active components,between different batches could be standardized on the basis of one or two of the main components.This is essential for ensuring some degree of uniformity in prescribed dosages.Thus,while the minimum dosage of an active component required to bring about the desired therapeutic effect is often known for similar products,e.g.hypericin in extracts of St.John's Wort,this is generally not the case where mushroom "crude extracts" are concerned.This is an area where scientific validation can increase knowledge of the products themselves as well as contributing to product quality control.展开更多
Target occlusion poses a significant challenge in computer vision,particularly in agricultural applications,where occlusion of crops can obscure key features and impair the model’s recognition performance.To address ...Target occlusion poses a significant challenge in computer vision,particularly in agricultural applications,where occlusion of crops can obscure key features and impair the model’s recognition performance.To address this challenge,a mushroom recognition method was proposed based on an erase module integrated into the EL-DenseNet model.EL-DenseNet,an extension of DenseNet,incorporated an erase attention module designed to enhance sensitivity to visible features.The erase module helped eliminate complex backgrounds and irrelevant information,allowing the mushroom body to be preserved and increasing recognition accuracy in cluttered environments.Considering the difficulty in distinguishing similar mushroom species,label smoothing regularization was employed to mitigate mislabeling errors that commonly arose from human observers.This strategy converted hard labels into soft labels during training,reducing the model’s overreliance on noisy labels and improving its generalization ability.Experimental results showed that the proposed EL-DenseNet,when combined with transfer learning,achieved a recognition accuracy of 96.7%for mushrooms in occluded and complex backgrounds.Compared with the original DenseNet and other classic models,this approach demonstrated superior accuracy and robustness,providing a promising solution for intelligent mushroom recognition.展开更多
针对菇房内杏鲍菇表型参数测量任务中,由于扫描设备视角受限,扫描的杏鲍菇点云出现残缺问题,基于AdaPoinTr(Adaptive geometry-aware point transformers)提出了改进的SwinPoinTr模型,实现了对残缺杏鲍菇点云的准确补全和杏鲍菇表型参...针对菇房内杏鲍菇表型参数测量任务中,由于扫描设备视角受限,扫描的杏鲍菇点云出现残缺问题,基于AdaPoinTr(Adaptive geometry-aware point transformers)提出了改进的SwinPoinTr模型,实现了对残缺杏鲍菇点云的准确补全和杏鲍菇表型参数的测量。该方法在使用提出的特征重塑模块的基础上,构建具有几何感知能力的层次化Transformer编码模块,提高了模型对输入点云的利用率和模型捕捉点云细节特征的能力。然后基于泊松重建方法完成了补全点云表面重建,并测量到杏鲍菇表型参数。实验结果表明,本文所提算法在残缺杏鲍菇点云补全任务中,模型倒角距离为1.316×10^(-4),地球移动距离为21.3282,F1分数为87.87%。在表型参数估测任务中,模型对杏鲍菇菌高、体积、表面积估测结果的决定系数分别为0.9582、0.9596、0.9605,均方根误差分别为4.4213 mm、10.8185 cm^(3)、7.5778 cm^(2)。结果证实了该研究方法可以有效地补全残缺的杏鲍菇点云,可以为菇房内杏鲍菇表型参数测量提供基础。展开更多
针对香菇育种过程中表型性状考察困难、人工测量费时费力的问题,提出一种适用于Jetson Orin Nano平台部署的香菇菌棒表型测量方法。使用手机和工业相机对3种不同数据来源的香菇菌棒进行图像采集,标注香菇菌落数据集并进行增强;比较了Bis...针对香菇育种过程中表型性状考察困难、人工测量费时费力的问题,提出一种适用于Jetson Orin Nano平台部署的香菇菌棒表型测量方法。使用手机和工业相机对3种不同数据来源的香菇菌棒进行图像采集,标注香菇菌落数据集并进行增强;比较了Bisenet、Stdcseg、U-net、Deeplabv3p、PP-liteseg 5个分割模型在Test-A、Test-B和Test-C测试集上的分割效果,结果表明PP-liteseg的普适性优于其他网络,PP-liteseg分割模型在3个测试集上的平均交并比超过97.53%,平均像素准确率高于99.49%,推理单幅图像耗时660 ms;为进一步平衡模型准确性和实时性,采用量化蒸馏方式对PP-liteseg模型进行压缩,并部署到Jetson Orin Nano平台上,压缩后的模型在Test-B测试集上的平均交并比和平均像素准确率分别为97.50%和99.51%,推理单幅图像耗时43.63 ms,比压缩前缩短近64%;采用PP-liteseg分割香菇菌棒图像,提取菌落表型,再根据菌落径向长度和轴向宽度得到菌丝生长长度,与人工测量值相比,菌丝生长长度平均绝对百分比误差、均方根误差和决定系数分别为1.874%、0.148 cm、0.918;采用该方法测量了6个菌株在连续4 d内的菌丝生长长度,结果表明,6个菌株的菌丝生长速度无论在单日还是在整个培养期内均有差异,其中49号和168号菌株差异最大。研究表明,本文方法适用于香菇菌棒表型测量,并能够以良好的准确性和实时性在Jetson Orin Nano平台上运行。展开更多
文摘The application of molecular tools for the identification of strains,populations and species has become a common practice in a variety of applied and basic investigations in many parts of the world.However,standardization of such applications varies widely among organisms and scientific fields.In this mini-review,the author provides a brief introduction to one of the most prominent effort for species identification-the international barcode of life(iBOL) project,discusses the features of fungal diversity including the proposed fungal barcode DNA fragment-the intergenic spacer regions(ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene clusters,and illustrates the potential promises and problems of using ITS for barcoding and for analyzing the phylogeographic pattern of the wild gourmet mushroom Tricholoma matsutake species complex.The analyses show that identification to species level is often insufficient for practical applications and that sequences from multiple genes in combination with critical morphological and physiological evaluations are needed to identify strains,populations and species.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (10172063)
文摘Based on Taylor's model and Hawkyard's model, a new simple model for the mushrooming deformation of projectile impacting on a deformable target is installed considering the penetration of the projectile to the deformable target. In the model, the following time-dependent variables are involved in: the extent and the particle velocity in the rigid zone; the extent, the cross-section area and the particle velocity in plastic zone; the velocity and depth of the penetrating of projectile to the target. Solving the set of equations, analytic solution is given. The profiles of deformed projectile and shape parameters for different initial impact velocities are shown. The duration time of deformation increases with increasing the impact velocity. The analytical results by using this model are coincident with experimental result.
文摘Organized by People’s Government of Chuxiong Yi Nationality Autonomous prefecture of Yunnan Province,China Chamber of Commerce of Import and Export of Foodstuffs Native Produce and Animal By-Products,Mycological Society of China,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China,the Fifth International Workshop on Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms (IWEMM5) will be held in Chuxiong, Yunnan, China from 26 to 29th August 2007. All aspects of the science of edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms will be covered in the workshop. Considerable time will also be devoted to the trade and cultivation of EEMM which we anticipate will be of benefit to the economic development of the region.
文摘Although the effectiveness of mushroom products(mushroom derivatives) has been confirmed repeatedly by numerous laboratory experiments and,in some cases,human trials,precisely how these products work is still a matter of conjecture.Studies on the effectiveness of mushroom products fall into two general categories.One approach has been to isolate and determine the bioactivity of individual mushroom components within a particular class of compounds(e.g.polysaccharides,lectins,triterpenoids,fungal immunomodulatory proteins).The active principal component is then sold in refined or purified form,e.g.the polysaccharide lentinan from the edible/medicinal mushroom Lentinula edodes.Such an approach is certainly valid if the objective is to focus on a single mushroom-derived substance for the treatment of specific disease conditions,e.g.cancers or strokes.In such cases,the products might be(and have been) developed and marketed as prescription drugs.However,an alternative approach is not to focus on a single component within a class of compounds but on groups of compounds that improve overall health and the general quality of life.These composite formulae,in which several different compounds together contribute to the beneficial effect of the mushroom,could then be used collectively as a dietary supplement(nutriceutical).Thus,the medicinal effects afforded by medicinal mushroom products may be attributable to several quite different types of compounds present in the mushrooms,e.g.polysaccharides,lectins,triterpenoids and fungal immunomodulatory proteins.These compounds,and possibly others yet to be identified,appear to act in concert in contributing to the documented anticancer,antitumour,antiviral,antibacterial and immunomodulating properties of the mushroom.Therefore,mushroom nutriceuticals may be deemed to have multifunctional values,the essence of which depends on the integrated effects of the various compounds.Certainly,the overwhelming majority of mushroom-based products currently available are not single components but combinations of several groups of compounds("crude extracts") that together contribute to the overall medicinal effect of the product.Therefore,it is important that future development of mushroom nutriceuticals places emphasis on investigating the functionality and interaction of the groups of compounds found in mushrooms.In some cases,it may be more desirable to consider the total medicinal effect(s) of mushroom "crude extracts"(comprising groups of compounds) and then to ascertain the contributions made to the overall activity by individual components.The consistency of the "crude extracts",both in terms of the overall chemical composition and in the actual levels of active components,between different batches could be standardized on the basis of one or two of the main components.This is essential for ensuring some degree of uniformity in prescribed dosages.Thus,while the minimum dosage of an active component required to bring about the desired therapeutic effect is often known for similar products,e.g.hypericin in extracts of St.John's Wort,this is generally not the case where mushroom "crude extracts" are concerned.This is an area where scientific validation can increase knowledge of the products themselves as well as contributing to product quality control.
文摘Target occlusion poses a significant challenge in computer vision,particularly in agricultural applications,where occlusion of crops can obscure key features and impair the model’s recognition performance.To address this challenge,a mushroom recognition method was proposed based on an erase module integrated into the EL-DenseNet model.EL-DenseNet,an extension of DenseNet,incorporated an erase attention module designed to enhance sensitivity to visible features.The erase module helped eliminate complex backgrounds and irrelevant information,allowing the mushroom body to be preserved and increasing recognition accuracy in cluttered environments.Considering the difficulty in distinguishing similar mushroom species,label smoothing regularization was employed to mitigate mislabeling errors that commonly arose from human observers.This strategy converted hard labels into soft labels during training,reducing the model’s overreliance on noisy labels and improving its generalization ability.Experimental results showed that the proposed EL-DenseNet,when combined with transfer learning,achieved a recognition accuracy of 96.7%for mushrooms in occluded and complex backgrounds.Compared with the original DenseNet and other classic models,this approach demonstrated superior accuracy and robustness,providing a promising solution for intelligent mushroom recognition.
文摘针对香菇育种过程中表型性状考察困难、人工测量费时费力的问题,提出一种适用于Jetson Orin Nano平台部署的香菇菌棒表型测量方法。使用手机和工业相机对3种不同数据来源的香菇菌棒进行图像采集,标注香菇菌落数据集并进行增强;比较了Bisenet、Stdcseg、U-net、Deeplabv3p、PP-liteseg 5个分割模型在Test-A、Test-B和Test-C测试集上的分割效果,结果表明PP-liteseg的普适性优于其他网络,PP-liteseg分割模型在3个测试集上的平均交并比超过97.53%,平均像素准确率高于99.49%,推理单幅图像耗时660 ms;为进一步平衡模型准确性和实时性,采用量化蒸馏方式对PP-liteseg模型进行压缩,并部署到Jetson Orin Nano平台上,压缩后的模型在Test-B测试集上的平均交并比和平均像素准确率分别为97.50%和99.51%,推理单幅图像耗时43.63 ms,比压缩前缩短近64%;采用PP-liteseg分割香菇菌棒图像,提取菌落表型,再根据菌落径向长度和轴向宽度得到菌丝生长长度,与人工测量值相比,菌丝生长长度平均绝对百分比误差、均方根误差和决定系数分别为1.874%、0.148 cm、0.918;采用该方法测量了6个菌株在连续4 d内的菌丝生长长度,结果表明,6个菌株的菌丝生长速度无论在单日还是在整个培养期内均有差异,其中49号和168号菌株差异最大。研究表明,本文方法适用于香菇菌棒表型测量,并能够以良好的准确性和实时性在Jetson Orin Nano平台上运行。
