Target occlusion poses a significant challenge in computer vision,particularly in agricultural applications,where occlusion of crops can obscure key features and impair the model’s recognition performance.To address ...Target occlusion poses a significant challenge in computer vision,particularly in agricultural applications,where occlusion of crops can obscure key features and impair the model’s recognition performance.To address this challenge,a mushroom recognition method was proposed based on an erase module integrated into the EL-DenseNet model.EL-DenseNet,an extension of DenseNet,incorporated an erase attention module designed to enhance sensitivity to visible features.The erase module helped eliminate complex backgrounds and irrelevant information,allowing the mushroom body to be preserved and increasing recognition accuracy in cluttered environments.Considering the difficulty in distinguishing similar mushroom species,label smoothing regularization was employed to mitigate mislabeling errors that commonly arose from human observers.This strategy converted hard labels into soft labels during training,reducing the model’s overreliance on noisy labels and improving its generalization ability.Experimental results showed that the proposed EL-DenseNet,when combined with transfer learning,achieved a recognition accuracy of 96.7%for mushrooms in occluded and complex backgrounds.Compared with the original DenseNet and other classic models,this approach demonstrated superior accuracy and robustness,providing a promising solution for intelligent mushroom recognition.展开更多
The application of molecular tools for the identification of strains,populations and species has become a common practice in a variety of applied and basic investigations in many parts of the world.However,standardiza...The application of molecular tools for the identification of strains,populations and species has become a common practice in a variety of applied and basic investigations in many parts of the world.However,standardization of such applications varies widely among organisms and scientific fields.In this mini-review,the author provides a brief introduction to one of the most prominent effort for species identification-the international barcode of life(iBOL) project,discusses the features of fungal diversity including the proposed fungal barcode DNA fragment-the intergenic spacer regions(ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene clusters,and illustrates the potential promises and problems of using ITS for barcoding and for analyzing the phylogeographic pattern of the wild gourmet mushroom Tricholoma matsutake species complex.The analyses show that identification to species level is often insufficient for practical applications and that sequences from multiple genes in combination with critical morphological and physiological evaluations are needed to identify strains,populations and species.展开更多
Organized by People’s Government of Chuxiong Yi Nationality Autonomous prefecture of Yunnan Province,China Chamber of Commerce of Import and Export of Foodstuffs Native Produce and Animal By-Products,Mycological Soc...Organized by People’s Government of Chuxiong Yi Nationality Autonomous prefecture of Yunnan Province,China Chamber of Commerce of Import and Export of Foodstuffs Native Produce and Animal By-Products,Mycological Society of China,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China,the Fifth International Workshop on Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms (IWEMM5) will be held in Chuxiong, Yunnan, China from 26 to 29th August 2007. All aspects of the science of edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms will be covered in the workshop. Considerable time will also be devoted to the trade and cultivation of EEMM which we anticipate will be of benefit to the economic development of the region.展开更多
Although the effectiveness of mushroom products(mushroom derivatives) has been confirmed repeatedly by numerous laboratory experiments and,in some cases,human trials,precisely how these products work is still a matter...Although the effectiveness of mushroom products(mushroom derivatives) has been confirmed repeatedly by numerous laboratory experiments and,in some cases,human trials,precisely how these products work is still a matter of conjecture.Studies on the effectiveness of mushroom products fall into two general categories.One approach has been to isolate and determine the bioactivity of individual mushroom components within a particular class of compounds(e.g.polysaccharides,lectins,triterpenoids,fungal immunomodulatory proteins).The active principal component is then sold in refined or purified form,e.g.the polysaccharide lentinan from the edible/medicinal mushroom Lentinula edodes.Such an approach is certainly valid if the objective is to focus on a single mushroom-derived substance for the treatment of specific disease conditions,e.g.cancers or strokes.In such cases,the products might be(and have been) developed and marketed as prescription drugs.However,an alternative approach is not to focus on a single component within a class of compounds but on groups of compounds that improve overall health and the general quality of life.These composite formulae,in which several different compounds together contribute to the beneficial effect of the mushroom,could then be used collectively as a dietary supplement(nutriceutical).Thus,the medicinal effects afforded by medicinal mushroom products may be attributable to several quite different types of compounds present in the mushrooms,e.g.polysaccharides,lectins,triterpenoids and fungal immunomodulatory proteins.These compounds,and possibly others yet to be identified,appear to act in concert in contributing to the documented anticancer,antitumour,antiviral,antibacterial and immunomodulating properties of the mushroom.Therefore,mushroom nutriceuticals may be deemed to have multifunctional values,the essence of which depends on the integrated effects of the various compounds.Certainly,the overwhelming majority of mushroom-based products currently available are not single components but combinations of several groups of compounds("crude extracts") that together contribute to the overall medicinal effect of the product.Therefore,it is important that future development of mushroom nutriceuticals places emphasis on investigating the functionality and interaction of the groups of compounds found in mushrooms.In some cases,it may be more desirable to consider the total medicinal effect(s) of mushroom "crude extracts"(comprising groups of compounds) and then to ascertain the contributions made to the overall activity by individual components.The consistency of the "crude extracts",both in terms of the overall chemical composition and in the actual levels of active components,between different batches could be standardized on the basis of one or two of the main components.This is essential for ensuring some degree of uniformity in prescribed dosages.Thus,while the minimum dosage of an active component required to bring about the desired therapeutic effect is often known for similar products,e.g.hypericin in extracts of St.John's Wort,this is generally not the case where mushroom "crude extracts" are concerned.This is an area where scientific validation can increase knowledge of the products themselves as well as contributing to product quality control.展开更多
Based on Taylor's model and Hawkyard's model, a new simple model for the mushrooming deformation of projectile impacting on a deformable target is installed considering the penetration of the projectile to the...Based on Taylor's model and Hawkyard's model, a new simple model for the mushrooming deformation of projectile impacting on a deformable target is installed considering the penetration of the projectile to the deformable target. In the model, the following time-dependent variables are involved in: the extent and the particle velocity in the rigid zone; the extent, the cross-section area and the particle velocity in plastic zone; the velocity and depth of the penetrating of projectile to the target. Solving the set of equations, analytic solution is given. The profiles of deformed projectile and shape parameters for different initial impact velocities are shown. The duration time of deformation increases with increasing the impact velocity. The analytical results by using this model are coincident with experimental result.展开更多
文摘Target occlusion poses a significant challenge in computer vision,particularly in agricultural applications,where occlusion of crops can obscure key features and impair the model’s recognition performance.To address this challenge,a mushroom recognition method was proposed based on an erase module integrated into the EL-DenseNet model.EL-DenseNet,an extension of DenseNet,incorporated an erase attention module designed to enhance sensitivity to visible features.The erase module helped eliminate complex backgrounds and irrelevant information,allowing the mushroom body to be preserved and increasing recognition accuracy in cluttered environments.Considering the difficulty in distinguishing similar mushroom species,label smoothing regularization was employed to mitigate mislabeling errors that commonly arose from human observers.This strategy converted hard labels into soft labels during training,reducing the model’s overreliance on noisy labels and improving its generalization ability.Experimental results showed that the proposed EL-DenseNet,when combined with transfer learning,achieved a recognition accuracy of 96.7%for mushrooms in occluded and complex backgrounds.Compared with the original DenseNet and other classic models,this approach demonstrated superior accuracy and robustness,providing a promising solution for intelligent mushroom recognition.
文摘The application of molecular tools for the identification of strains,populations and species has become a common practice in a variety of applied and basic investigations in many parts of the world.However,standardization of such applications varies widely among organisms and scientific fields.In this mini-review,the author provides a brief introduction to one of the most prominent effort for species identification-the international barcode of life(iBOL) project,discusses the features of fungal diversity including the proposed fungal barcode DNA fragment-the intergenic spacer regions(ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene clusters,and illustrates the potential promises and problems of using ITS for barcoding and for analyzing the phylogeographic pattern of the wild gourmet mushroom Tricholoma matsutake species complex.The analyses show that identification to species level is often insufficient for practical applications and that sequences from multiple genes in combination with critical morphological and physiological evaluations are needed to identify strains,populations and species.
文摘Organized by People’s Government of Chuxiong Yi Nationality Autonomous prefecture of Yunnan Province,China Chamber of Commerce of Import and Export of Foodstuffs Native Produce and Animal By-Products,Mycological Society of China,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China,the Fifth International Workshop on Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms (IWEMM5) will be held in Chuxiong, Yunnan, China from 26 to 29th August 2007. All aspects of the science of edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms will be covered in the workshop. Considerable time will also be devoted to the trade and cultivation of EEMM which we anticipate will be of benefit to the economic development of the region.
文摘Although the effectiveness of mushroom products(mushroom derivatives) has been confirmed repeatedly by numerous laboratory experiments and,in some cases,human trials,precisely how these products work is still a matter of conjecture.Studies on the effectiveness of mushroom products fall into two general categories.One approach has been to isolate and determine the bioactivity of individual mushroom components within a particular class of compounds(e.g.polysaccharides,lectins,triterpenoids,fungal immunomodulatory proteins).The active principal component is then sold in refined or purified form,e.g.the polysaccharide lentinan from the edible/medicinal mushroom Lentinula edodes.Such an approach is certainly valid if the objective is to focus on a single mushroom-derived substance for the treatment of specific disease conditions,e.g.cancers or strokes.In such cases,the products might be(and have been) developed and marketed as prescription drugs.However,an alternative approach is not to focus on a single component within a class of compounds but on groups of compounds that improve overall health and the general quality of life.These composite formulae,in which several different compounds together contribute to the beneficial effect of the mushroom,could then be used collectively as a dietary supplement(nutriceutical).Thus,the medicinal effects afforded by medicinal mushroom products may be attributable to several quite different types of compounds present in the mushrooms,e.g.polysaccharides,lectins,triterpenoids and fungal immunomodulatory proteins.These compounds,and possibly others yet to be identified,appear to act in concert in contributing to the documented anticancer,antitumour,antiviral,antibacterial and immunomodulating properties of the mushroom.Therefore,mushroom nutriceuticals may be deemed to have multifunctional values,the essence of which depends on the integrated effects of the various compounds.Certainly,the overwhelming majority of mushroom-based products currently available are not single components but combinations of several groups of compounds("crude extracts") that together contribute to the overall medicinal effect of the product.Therefore,it is important that future development of mushroom nutriceuticals places emphasis on investigating the functionality and interaction of the groups of compounds found in mushrooms.In some cases,it may be more desirable to consider the total medicinal effect(s) of mushroom "crude extracts"(comprising groups of compounds) and then to ascertain the contributions made to the overall activity by individual components.The consistency of the "crude extracts",both in terms of the overall chemical composition and in the actual levels of active components,between different batches could be standardized on the basis of one or two of the main components.This is essential for ensuring some degree of uniformity in prescribed dosages.Thus,while the minimum dosage of an active component required to bring about the desired therapeutic effect is often known for similar products,e.g.hypericin in extracts of St.John's Wort,this is generally not the case where mushroom "crude extracts" are concerned.This is an area where scientific validation can increase knowledge of the products themselves as well as contributing to product quality control.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (10172063)
文摘Based on Taylor's model and Hawkyard's model, a new simple model for the mushrooming deformation of projectile impacting on a deformable target is installed considering the penetration of the projectile to the deformable target. In the model, the following time-dependent variables are involved in: the extent and the particle velocity in the rigid zone; the extent, the cross-section area and the particle velocity in plastic zone; the velocity and depth of the penetrating of projectile to the target. Solving the set of equations, analytic solution is given. The profiles of deformed projectile and shape parameters for different initial impact velocities are shown. The duration time of deformation increases with increasing the impact velocity. The analytical results by using this model are coincident with experimental result.
