The maximum likelihood （ML） estimator demonstrates remarkable performance in direction of arrival （DOA） estimation for the multiple input multiple output （MIMO） sonar. However, this advantage comes with prohibit...The maximum likelihood （ML） estimator demonstrates remarkable performance in direction of arrival （DOA） estimation for the multiple input multiple output （MIMO） sonar. However, this advantage comes with prohibitive computational complexity. In order to solve this problem, an ant colony optimization （ACO） is incorporated into the MIMO ML DOA estimator. Based on the ACO, a novel MIMO ML DOA estimator named the MIMO ACO ML （ML DOA estimator based on ACO for MIMO sonar） with even lower computational complexity is proposed. By extending the pheromone remaining process to the pheromone Gaussian kernel probability distribution function in the continuous space, the pro- posed algorithm achieves the global optimum value of the MIMO ML DOA estimator. Simulations and experimental results show that the computational cost of MIMO ACO ML is only 1/6 of the MIMO ML algorithm, while maintaining similar performance with the MIMO ML method.展开更多
For increasing the cross-track resolution, the multiple input multiple output （MIMO） technique is introduced into the swath bathymetry system and a new swath bathymetry approach using MIMO sonar is proposed. The MIM...For increasing the cross-track resolution, the multiple input multiple output （MIMO） technique is introduced into the swath bathymetry system and a new swath bathymetry approach using MIMO sonar is proposed. The MIMO sonar is composed of two parallel transmitting uniform linear arrays （ULAs） and a receiving ULA which is perpendicular to the former. The spacing between the two transmitting ULAs is equal to the product of the receiving sensor number and the receiving inter-sensor spacing. Furthermore, two narrowband linear frequency modulation （LFM） pulses, sharing the same frequency band but with opposite modulation slopes, are used as transmitting waveforms of the two transmitting ULAs. With such an array layout and transmitting signals, the MIMO sonar can sound a swath with the cross-track resolution doubling that of the traditional multibeam sonar using a Mills cross array. Numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.展开更多
A multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） sonar can synthesize a large-aperture virtual uniform linear array（ULA） from a small number of physical elements. However, the large aperture is obtained at the cost of a gre...A multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） sonar can synthesize a large-aperture virtual uniform linear array（ULA） from a small number of physical elements. However, the large aperture is obtained at the cost of a great number of matched filters with much heavy computation load. To reduce the computation load, a MIMO sonar imaging method using a virtual sparse linear array（SLA） is proposed, which contains the offline and online processing. In the offline processing, the virtual ULA of the MIMO sonar is thinned to a virtual SLA by the simulated annealing algorithm, and matched filters corresponding to inactive virtual elements are removed. In the online processing, outputs of matched filters corresponding to active elements are collected for further multibeam processing and hence, the number of matched filters in the echo processing procedure is effectively reduced. Numerical simulations show that the proposed method can reduce the computation load effectively while obtaining a similar imaging performance as the traditional method.展开更多
To reduce the computation burden of a large-aperture multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） sonar imaging system,the phase-shift beamformer（PSBF） is used at the cost of bringing the intensity loss（IL）.The cause of...To reduce the computation burden of a large-aperture multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） sonar imaging system,the phase-shift beamformer（PSBF） is used at the cost of bringing the intensity loss（IL）.The cause of the IL is analyzed in detail and a variable termed as IL factor is defined to quantify the loss amount.To compensate for the IL,two methods termed as intensity compensation for the PSBF（IC-PSBF） and the hybrid beamforming（HBF）,respectively,are proposed.The IC-PSBF uses previously estimated IL factors to compensate for output intensities of all PSBFs;and the HBF applies the IC-PSBF to the center beam region and the shifted-sideband beamformer（SSBF） to the side beam region,respectively.Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the two proposed methods.展开更多
针对声压传感器条件下,声呐成像的左右模糊问题;针对常规MIMO声呐成像算法分辨力受瑞利限的限制问题;针对压缩感知算法重构信号中的数值不稳定问题,本文利用声矢量传感器接收到的信号振速信息和声压信息,利用目标在空间域分布的稀疏性,...针对声压传感器条件下,声呐成像的左右模糊问题;针对常规MIMO声呐成像算法分辨力受瑞利限的限制问题;针对压缩感知算法重构信号中的数值不稳定问题,本文利用声矢量传感器接收到的信号振速信息和声压信息,利用目标在空间域分布的稀疏性,在压缩感知理论下,提出了基于声矢量传感器的二维坐标下降法(DCD)算法改进的正交匹配追踪(OMP)算法。仿真结果表明,提出的算法可以精准地估计出空间目标的方位;与传统的分布式MIMO成像算法反向投影(Back Projection,BP)相比,使用更少的实验数据,降低了运算的复杂度;当信噪比为10 d B的条件下,BP算法当主瓣级为0 d B时,在x,y,z轴最大的旁瓣级分别为–24.5 d B,–24.3 d B,–5.5 d B,而提出的算法可以获得一个稀疏解,且有效的避免左右模糊问题;避免重构信号中的矩阵求逆运算,数值不稳定得到了解决;并在信噪比为–5 d B以下时,定位精度高于声压OMP-DCD算法,具有更高的抗噪声能力和系统辨识能力。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60972152)the National Laboratory Foundation of China (9140C2304080607)+1 种基金the Aviation Science Fund (2009ZC53031)the Doctoral Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University (CX201002)
文摘The maximum likelihood （ML） estimator demonstrates remarkable performance in direction of arrival （DOA） estimation for the multiple input multiple output （MIMO） sonar. However, this advantage comes with prohibitive computational complexity. In order to solve this problem, an ant colony optimization （ACO） is incorporated into the MIMO ML DOA estimator. Based on the ACO, a novel MIMO ML DOA estimator named the MIMO ACO ML （ML DOA estimator based on ACO for MIMO sonar） with even lower computational complexity is proposed. By extending the pheromone remaining process to the pheromone Gaussian kernel probability distribution function in the continuous space, the pro- posed algorithm achieves the global optimum value of the MIMO ML DOA estimator. Simulations and experimental results show that the computational cost of MIMO ACO ML is only 1/6 of the MIMO ML algorithm, while maintaining similar performance with the MIMO ML method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11104222)the Doctorate Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(CX201101)
文摘For increasing the cross-track resolution, the multiple input multiple output （MIMO） technique is introduced into the swath bathymetry system and a new swath bathymetry approach using MIMO sonar is proposed. The MIMO sonar is composed of two parallel transmitting uniform linear arrays （ULAs） and a receiving ULA which is perpendicular to the former. The spacing between the two transmitting ULAs is equal to the product of the receiving sensor number and the receiving inter-sensor spacing. Furthermore, two narrowband linear frequency modulation （LFM） pulses, sharing the same frequency band but with opposite modulation slopes, are used as transmitting waveforms of the two transmitting ULAs. With such an array layout and transmitting signals, the MIMO sonar can sound a swath with the cross-track resolution doubling that of the traditional multibeam sonar using a Mills cross array. Numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51509204)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Acoustics(SKLA201501)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102015ZY011)
文摘A multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） sonar can synthesize a large-aperture virtual uniform linear array（ULA） from a small number of physical elements. However, the large aperture is obtained at the cost of a great number of matched filters with much heavy computation load. To reduce the computation load, a MIMO sonar imaging method using a virtual sparse linear array（SLA） is proposed, which contains the offline and online processing. In the offline processing, the virtual ULA of the MIMO sonar is thinned to a virtual SLA by the simulated annealing algorithm, and matched filters corresponding to inactive virtual elements are removed. In the online processing, outputs of matched filters corresponding to active elements are collected for further multibeam processing and hence, the number of matched filters in the echo processing procedure is effectively reduced. Numerical simulations show that the proposed method can reduce the computation load effectively while obtaining a similar imaging performance as the traditional method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51509204)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Acoustics(SKLA201501)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102015ZY011)
文摘To reduce the computation burden of a large-aperture multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） sonar imaging system,the phase-shift beamformer（PSBF） is used at the cost of bringing the intensity loss（IL）.The cause of the IL is analyzed in detail and a variable termed as IL factor is defined to quantify the loss amount.To compensate for the IL,two methods termed as intensity compensation for the PSBF（IC-PSBF） and the hybrid beamforming（HBF）,respectively,are proposed.The IC-PSBF uses previously estimated IL factors to compensate for output intensities of all PSBFs;and the HBF applies the IC-PSBF to the center beam region and the shifted-sideband beamformer（SSBF） to the side beam region,respectively.Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the two proposed methods.
文摘针对声压传感器条件下,声呐成像的左右模糊问题;针对常规MIMO声呐成像算法分辨力受瑞利限的限制问题;针对压缩感知算法重构信号中的数值不稳定问题,本文利用声矢量传感器接收到的信号振速信息和声压信息,利用目标在空间域分布的稀疏性,在压缩感知理论下,提出了基于声矢量传感器的二维坐标下降法(DCD)算法改进的正交匹配追踪(OMP)算法。仿真结果表明,提出的算法可以精准地估计出空间目标的方位;与传统的分布式MIMO成像算法反向投影(Back Projection,BP)相比,使用更少的实验数据,降低了运算的复杂度;当信噪比为10 d B的条件下,BP算法当主瓣级为0 d B时,在x,y,z轴最大的旁瓣级分别为–24.5 d B,–24.3 d B,–5.5 d B,而提出的算法可以获得一个稀疏解,且有效的避免左右模糊问题;避免重构信号中的矩阵求逆运算,数值不稳定得到了解决;并在信噪比为–5 d B以下时,定位精度高于声压OMP-DCD算法,具有更高的抗噪声能力和系统辨识能力。
