To investigate the process optimizationof Cu-en/AP composite microspheres preparation via electrostatic spraying,and to reveal the effects of droplet properties and flow rate variations on the experimental results dur...To investigate the process optimizationof Cu-en/AP composite microspheres preparation via electrostatic spraying,and to reveal the effects of droplet properties and flow rate variations on the experimental results during the electrostatic spraying process,the prepared process parameters of Cu-en/AP composite microspheres by electrostatic spray method under the orthogonal experimental design simulated by ANSYS(Fluent).The influence of flow rate,solvent ratio,and solid mass on the experimental results is examined using a controlled variable method.The results indicate that under the conditions of a flow rate of 2.67×10^(-3)kg/s an acetone-to-deionized water ratio of 1.5∶1.0,and a solid mass of 200 mg,the theoretical particle size of the composite microspheres can reach e nanoscale.Droplet trajectories in the electric field remain stable without significant deviation.The simulation results show that particle diameter decreases with increasing flow rate,with the trend leveling off around a flow rate of 1×10^(-3)kg/s.As the solvent ratio increases(with higher acetone content),particle diameter initially decreases,reaching a minimum around a ratio of 1.5∶1.0 before gradually increasing.Increasing the solid mass also reduces the particle diameter,with a linear increase in diameter observed at around 220 mg.Cu-en/AP composite microspheres with nanoscale dimensions were confirmed under these conditions by the final SEM images.展开更多
Insensitive energetic materials are promising in the defense weapons field.However,energetic materials still suffer from great challenges and the concern about their safety limits their utilization.In this work,insens...Insensitive energetic materials are promising in the defense weapons field.However,energetic materials still suffer from great challenges and the concern about their safety limits their utilization.In this work,insensitive energetic explosive 3,30-diamino-4,40-azoxyfurazan/hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine(DAAF/RDX)microspheres were fabricated by self-assembly method.Rod-like DAAF/RDX was prepared by mechanical ball milling for comparison.DAAF/RDX composites with different mass ratios(90:10,80:20,and 70:30)were obtained.The morphologies and structures of as-obtained DAAF/RDX composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),powder x-ray diffraction(PXRD)and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The results showed that DAAF/RDX microspheres exhibited regular shaped microspheres with sizes from 0.5 to 1.2 mm.There was no crystal transition during the modification process.The thermal properties of as-obtained materials were then evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and materials studio software.DAAF/RDX microspheres showed an advanced decomposition peak temperature compared with rod-like DAAF/RDX.The binding energy and peak temperature values at zeroβ_(i)(T_(P0))of DAAF/RDX(90:10)increased by 36.77 kJ/mol,1.6℃,and 58.11 kJ/mol,12.3℃compared to DAAF/RDX(80:20)and DAAF/RDX(70:30),indicating the better thermal stability of DAAF/RDX(90:10).The characteristic drop height(H_(50))of DAAF/RDX(higher than 100 cm)composites was higher than that of raw RDX(25 cm),suggesting significant improvements in mechanical safety.The preparation of DAAF/RDX microspheres is promising for the desensitization of RDX and useful for the formation of other materials and future wide applications.展开更多
HNS-IV(Hexanitrostilbene-IV) is the main charge of the exploding foil initiators(EFI), and the microstructure of the HNS will directly affect its density, flowability, sensitivity, and stability. HNS microspheres were...HNS-IV(Hexanitrostilbene-IV) is the main charge of the exploding foil initiators(EFI), and the microstructure of the HNS will directly affect its density, flowability, sensitivity, and stability. HNS microspheres were prepared using droplet microfluidics, and the particle size, morphology, specific surface area, thermal performance, and ignition threshold of the HNS microspheres were characterized and tested. The results shown that the prepared HNS microspheres have high sphericity, with an average particle size of 20.52 μm(coefficient of variation less than 0.2), and a specific surface area of 21.62 m^(2)/g(6.87 m^(2)/g higher than the raw material). Without changing the crystal structure and thermal stability of HNS-IV, this method significantly enhances the sensitivity of HNS-IV to short pulses and reduces the ignition threshold of the slapper detonator to below 1000 V. This will contribute to the miniaturization and low cost of EFI.展开更多
FeSiAl magnetically soft alloy hollow microspheres(MSAHMs) were prepared by self-reactive quenching technology based on Fe + Si + AI + KNO_3 reactive systems, in order to obtain absorbents with light weight, low frequ...FeSiAl magnetically soft alloy hollow microspheres(MSAHMs) were prepared by self-reactive quenching technology based on Fe + Si + AI + KNO_3 reactive systems, in order to obtain absorbents with light weight, low frequency and high efficiency. Firstly, twice-balling adhesive precursor method was used to obtain FeSiAl magnetically soft alloy agglomerate powders. Then agglomerate powders with the mesh number of 150-240, 240-325 and 325-400 were sprayed through the flame field into the quenching water. At last, FeSiAl MSAHMs with coarse(average at 86.97 μm), medium(average at 52.16 μm) and fine particles(average at 31.80 μm) were got. Effect of particle size on the phases and microwave absorption properties in low frequency band was studied by XRD and vector network analyzer. The results show that,Fe_3 Si_(0.7)Al_(0.3) and Fe_3 Si_(0.5)Al_(0.5) appear in the phase components of FeSiAl MSAHMs,which is important to improve the microwave absorption properties in low frequency. In addition, the real part(ε′) and imaginary part(ε″) of complex permittivity, the real part(μ′) and imaginary part(μ″) of complex permeability of FeSiAl MSAHMs all present the trend of fine particles > medium particles > coarse particles. The microwave absorption properties in low frequency are improved with the increasing of particle size, and the absorption peak moves to lower frequency range. The properties of fine particles are the best. Their matching thickness of samples is at 5 mm, and the minimum reflectivity is-43 dB at this thickness. The absorption frequency band lower than-10 dB is 4.6-7.6 GHz with a bandwidth of 3 GHz.展开更多
Excessive discharge of dye wastewater has brought serious harm to human health and the environment.In this paper,a magnetic absorbent,ferroferric oxide@β-cyclodextrin(Fe_(3)O_(4)@CD),was prepared for the efficient ad...Excessive discharge of dye wastewater has brought serious harm to human health and the environment.In this paper,a magnetic absorbent,ferroferric oxide@β-cyclodextrin(Fe_(3)O_(4)@CD),was prepared for the efficient adsorption removal of basic fuchsin(BF)from dye wastewater,based on the special amphiphilicity ofβ-CD and the strong magnetism of Fe_(3)O_(4).A series of influence factors including the initial dye concentration,adsorbent dosage,temperature and pH were investigated,as well as the adsorption mechanism.The results show that Fe_(3)O_(4)@CD has the best adsorption and removal effect on BF dye at room temperature and neutral pH,when the initial concentration of dye is 25 mg/L and the adsorbent dosage is 100 mg.The adsorption behavior conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm,and the adsorption process is spontaneously endothermic.Fe_(3)O_(4)@CD adsorbed with BF dye can be rapidly separated under an external magnetic field and then easily regenerated by HCl treatment.After 5 times of recycling,the removal rate of the prepared magnetic composite on BF dye is kept above 75%.This work will provide an economic and eco-friendly technology for the treatment of the actual dye wastewater.展开更多
The magnetic gelatin-starch microspheres were prepared by modified emulsion cross-linking method with glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent. The structure, size distribution as well as morphology of magnetic micro...The magnetic gelatin-starch microspheres were prepared by modified emulsion cross-linking method with glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent. The structure, size distribution as well as morphology of magnetic microspheres were investigated by FT-IR spectrometer, dynamic laser scattering analyzer and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Bovine serum album(BSA)was chosen as model protein, and the adsorption processes were carried out under diversified conditions including BSA initial concentration, p H value, adsorption time and temperature to evaluate the performance of the magnetic microspheres. The average diameter of optimized spherical magnetic microspheres is 1.6 μm with excellent dispersivity, and the saturation magnetization is found to be equal to 1.056×10-2 A·m2. The adsorption isotherm of the BSA on the magnetic microspheres basically obeys the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 120 mg/g and an adsorption equilibrium constant of 1.60 mL/mg.展开更多
Recently,an emerging category green of energetic material ammonium dinitramide(ADN)has exhibited promising application in propellants due to its outstanding merits in energy release and environmental friendliness.It c...Recently,an emerging category green of energetic material ammonium dinitramide(ADN)has exhibited promising application in propellants due to its outstanding merits in energy release and environmental friendliness.It can be considered to substitute traditional oxidizer of ammonium perchlorate(AP)in military systems and aerospace.In this paper,a novel spherical energetic composite ADN/copper alginate(CA)with a microporous structure was designed and prepared by the W/O gel emulsion method,and a desirable porous microsphere structure was obtained.Multiple characterization techniques were used to investigate the structure and properties of ADN/CA composites.The results showed that ADN crystals were homogeneously encapsulated in an alginate-gel matrix.Thermal decomposition temperature was reduced to 151.7℃compared to ADN,while the activation energy of them was reduced from 129.73 k J/mol(ADN)to 107.50 k J/mol(ADN/CA-4).In addition,as-prepared samples had lower impact and frictional sensitivity than ADN.The mechanism of sensitivity reduction and decomposition are also discussed.Constant-volume combustion tests show that peak pressure of the ADN/CA-4 achieves 253.4 k Pa and pressurization rate of 2750.4 k Pa/s.Hence,this has a promising application in improving the combustion performance and safety performance of solid propellants.展开更多
ZnO/ZnGa_2O_4 composite microspheres with heterojunction were successfully synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal method.These samples were characterized by TG/DTA,XRD,TEM,HRTEM,UV-vis DRS,FL and BET techniques.The resul...ZnO/ZnGa_2O_4 composite microspheres with heterojunction were successfully synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal method.These samples were characterized by TG/DTA,XRD,TEM,HRTEM,UV-vis DRS,FL and BET techniques.The results indicated the as-prepared samples showed better degree of crystalline and large specific surface area.The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degradation of methyl orange with the concentration of 50 mg/L under the irradiation of simulated sunlight.The effects of molar ratio of Zn to Ga and calcination temperature on the photocatalytic activity were investigated in detail.The results showed that the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency was observed at the molar ratio of Zn to Ga of 1:0.5 in the starting materials and the calcination temperature of 400 °C.The maximum photocatalytic degradation rate of MO was 97.1% within 60 min under the simulated sunlight irradiation,which is greatly higher than that of ZnO and ZnGa_2O_4.展开更多
Introduction The use of supercritical fluids such as supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>（scCO<sub>2</sub>） has provided a ’clean’ and effective alternative to traditional methods of protein delive...Introduction The use of supercritical fluids such as supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>（scCO<sub>2</sub>） has provided a ’clean’ and effective alternative to traditional methods of protein delivery systems.Here。展开更多
Hollow-structured Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) microspheres have been synthesized by a simple one-pot template-free hydrothermal method with copper sulfate,cobalt acetate and ammonia as raw materials.The products were charac...Hollow-structured Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) microspheres have been synthesized by a simple one-pot template-free hydrothermal method with copper sulfate,cobalt acetate and ammonia as raw materials.The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction,energy dispersive X-ray analysis,selected area electron diffraction,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and BET measurements.The research results show that the hollow Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) microspheres consist of single-crystalline nanocubes with the diameter of about 20 nm.The formation mechanism of hollow Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) microspheres is suggested as Ostwald ripening in a solid-solution-solid process,and Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) microspheres are mesoporous containing two pore sizes of 3.3 and 5.9 nm.The as-prepared Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) sensors have optimal gas responses to 50×10^(−6) mg/m^(3) C_(2)H_(5)OH at 190℃.展开更多
The precursors with NiCO3·2Ni（OH）2·2H2O, Fe2O3·nH2O coated alumina microspheres were prepared by the aqueous heterogeneous precipitation using metal salts, ammonium bicarbonate and α-Al2O3 micropowde...The precursors with NiCO3·2Ni（OH）2·2H2O, Fe2O3·nH2O coated alumina microspheres were prepared by the aqueous heterogeneous precipitation using metal salts, ammonium bicarbonate and α-Al2O3 micropowders as the starting materials. Magnetic metal Ni, α-Fe coated alumina, core-shell structural microspheres were successfully obtained by thermal reduction of the precursors at 700℃ for 2h, respectively. Powders of the precursors and the resultant metal （Ni, α-Fe） coated alumina micropowders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that optimized precipitation parameters are concentration of alumina micropowders of 15g/L, rate of adding reactants of 5mL/min and pH value of 7.5. And under the optimized conditions, the spherical precursors without aggregations or agglomerations are obtained, then transferred into Ni, α-Fe coated alumina microspheres by thermal reduction. It is possible to adjust metal coating thicknesses and fabricate a multilayer structured metal/ceramics, core-shell microspherical powder materials.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as a promising contender for next-gener-ation energy storage systems.Hard carbon is re-garded as the most promising anode for commer-cial SIB,however,the large number of defects ...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as a promising contender for next-gener-ation energy storage systems.Hard carbon is re-garded as the most promising anode for commer-cial SIB,however,the large number of defects on its surface cause irreversible electrolyte consump-tion and an uneven solid electrolyte interphase film.An advanced molecular engineering strategy to coat hard carbon with polycyclic aromatic mo-lecules is reported.Specifically,polystyrene-based carbon microspheres(CSs)were first synthesized and then coated with polycyclic aromatic mo-lecules derived from coal tar pitch by spray-drying and followed by oxidation.Compared to the traditional CVD coating meth-od,this molecular framework strategy has been shown to reduce the number of defects on the surface of CSs without sacrifi-cing internal storage sites and suppressing transport kinetics in hosting the sodium ions.Besides the lower surface defect con-centration,the synthesized hybrid carbon microspheres(HCSs)have a larger grain size and more abundant closed pores,and have a higher reversible sodium storage capacity.A HCS-P-60%electrode has a capacity of 332.3 mAh g^(-1)with an initial Cou-lombic efficiency of 88.5%.It also has a superior rate performance of 246.6 mAh g^(-1)at 2 C and a 95.2%capacity retention after 100 cycles at 0.2 C.This work offers new insights into designing high-performance hard carbon microsphere anodes,advan-cing the commercialization of sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
Aluminum(Al)powder is widely applied in thermobaric explosives due to its high energy density and favorable reaction kinetics.However,the inert oxide layer(Al_(2)O_(3))on Al particles limits combustion reactivity and ...Aluminum(Al)powder is widely applied in thermobaric explosives due to its high energy density and favorable reaction kinetics.However,the inert oxide layer(Al_(2)O_(3))on Al particles limits combustion reactivity and energy efficiency.Fluoride-based surface modification has been developed as an effective approach to address this issue.Here,four classical fluoropolymers(F11,F14,PVDF,PTFE)are employed as coatings to prepare core-shell Al/Fluoropolymer.The combustion experimental results demonstrate that the core-shell Al/PTFE exhibits the highest flame propagation rate(52.88 mm·ms^(-1))and pressure output(109.02 k Pa)performance.Consequently,core-shell Al/PTFE is selected as a high-energy fuel to prepare RDX/Al/PTFE microspheres via the emulsion and solvent evaporation method,which can enhance the energy performance of RDX.The effects of the core-shell Al/PTFE ratio and RDX content on the combustion heat and pressure output are systematically investigated.The peak pressure reaches a maximum of 187.8 k Pa when the mass ratio of RDX,Al,and PTFE is 60:25:10.Additionally,RDX/Al/PTFE microspheres exhibit significantly higher laser-induced air shock velocities,detonation heat,and detonation pressure than those of pure RDX and RDX/Al.The mechanism underlying the enhanced reactivity and energetic performance is attributed to the ability of PTFE to etch the inert Al_(2)O_(3)shell on the surface of Al particles,thereby improving post-combustion reactions and significantly increasing the overall energy output of RDX explosives.This work offers a novel design strategy for high-energy structural thermobaric explosives for the practical applications.展开更多
In the printing industry,the common method of coloring relies on inks,which contains amounts of chemical agents,causing environment pollution.However,structural color achieves coloration through the refraction and dif...In the printing industry,the common method of coloring relies on inks,which contains amounts of chemical agents,causing environment pollution.However,structural color achieves coloration through the refraction and diffraction of light by periodic structure,offering eco-friendly and fade-resistant advantages,as well as colorful.In this study,screen printing was used to create patterned mask on paper substrates.Then,coated SiO_(2)microspheres on the mask to create structural color patterns with angle-dependent color characteristics.The patterns showed color changes from rose-red to orange to green by changing the viewing angle.By changing the color grayscale,the absorption of stray light by the substrate was enhanced,thereby the brightness and saturation of the structural color improved too.This method is simple,cost-effective,and environmentally friendly,and it has highly promising for the application in printing and anti-counterfeiting.展开更多
Metal(aluminum and boron)based energetic materials have been wildly applied in various fields including aerospace,explosives and micro-devices due to their high energy density.Unfortunately,the low combustion efficien...Metal(aluminum and boron)based energetic materials have been wildly applied in various fields including aerospace,explosives and micro-devices due to their high energy density.Unfortunately,the low combustion efficiency and reactivity of metal fuels,especially boron(B),severely limit their practical applications.Herein,multi-component 3D microspheres of HMX/B/Al/PTFE(HBA)have been designed and successfully prepared by emulsion and solvent evaporation method to achieve superior energy and combustion reactivity.The reactivity and energy output of HBA are systematically measured by ignitionburning test,constant-volume explosion vessel system and bomb calorimetry.Due to the increased interfacial contact and reaction area,HBA shows higher flame propagation rate,faster pressurization rate and larger combustion heat of 29.95 cm/s,1077 kPa/s,and 6164.43 J/g,which is 1.5 times,3.5 times,and 1.03 times of the physical mixed counterpart(HBA-P).Meanwhile,HBA also shows enhanced energy output and reactivity than 3D microspheres of HMX/B/PTFE(HB)resulting from the high reactivity of Al.The reaction mechanism of 3D microspheres is comprehensively investigated through combustion emission spectral and thermal analysis(TG-DSC-MS).The superior reactivity and energy of HBA originate from the surface etching of fluorine to the inert shell(Al_(2)O_(3) and B_(2)O_(3))and the initiation effect of Al to B.This work offers a promising approach to design and prepare high-performance energetic materials for the practical applications.展开更多
The preparation process of electrically conductive filler for anisotropic conductive adhesive was performed and discussed.The spherical filler contains tri-layer structures: resin core,Ni-P intermediate coating layer,...The preparation process of electrically conductive filler for anisotropic conductive adhesive was performed and discussed.The spherical filler contains tri-layer structures: resin core,Ni-P intermediate coating layer,Au outer coating layer.The 4 μm resin spherical cores were synthesized by monodispersion polymerization method.Then they were contributed to electrical conductivity by electrolessly plating Ni-P layer and gold layer.These particles have good corrosion resistance,high stability,and enough mechanical strength.When mixed with thermosetting epoxy resin to produce anisotropic conductive adhesive(ACA),it can realize a good conductive bonding between bumps on dies and pads on substrates.This environmentally friendly conductive material offers numerous advantages over conventional solder technology and is an ideal substitute for the lead-contained solder in electronics packaging.展开更多
Microcapsules (or microspheres) with small size and narrow size distribution have potential applications as carriers of proteins and polypeptides. However the conventional preparation methods severely limit their real...Microcapsules (or microspheres) with small size and narrow size distribution have potential applications as carriers of proteins and polypeptides. However the conventional preparation methods severely limit their real applications. Membrane emulsification technology may become a new preparation method of microcapsules with monodisperse droplets, mild conditions, good stability, low energy consumption and easy to realize mass production. In this paper, studies on membrane emulsification systems and the possible existing problems are summarized, and primary attempts on preparing alginate/chitosan microcapsules are conducted.展开更多
Nickel oxide(NiO)microsphere with a large surface area was novelly synthesized through nickel bicarbonate(Ni(HCO3)2)precursor.The obtained nickel oxide(NiO)microsphere was characterized by X-ray pattern diffraction,sc...Nickel oxide(NiO)microsphere with a large surface area was novelly synthesized through nickel bicarbonate(Ni(HCO3)2)precursor.The obtained nickel oxide(NiO)microsphere was characterized by X-ray pattern diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,CO2 temperature-programmed desorption,H2 temperature-programmed reduction,N2 adsorption/desorption and laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer.It was found that nickel oxide(NiO)synthesized by the thermal decomposition of Ni(HCO3)2through area hydrolysis,presented very nice microsphere with high surface area.The catalytic properties of obtained nickel oxide(NiO)microsphere were studied in the reaction of carbon dioxide reforming of methane where 91.3% conversion of CH4 with 93% conversion of CO2 was observed.Besides,the catalyst maintained high stability over 200 h on the stream.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2275150)。
文摘To investigate the process optimizationof Cu-en/AP composite microspheres preparation via electrostatic spraying,and to reveal the effects of droplet properties and flow rate variations on the experimental results during the electrostatic spraying process,the prepared process parameters of Cu-en/AP composite microspheres by electrostatic spray method under the orthogonal experimental design simulated by ANSYS(Fluent).The influence of flow rate,solvent ratio,and solid mass on the experimental results is examined using a controlled variable method.The results indicate that under the conditions of a flow rate of 2.67×10^(-3)kg/s an acetone-to-deionized water ratio of 1.5∶1.0,and a solid mass of 200 mg,the theoretical particle size of the composite microspheres can reach e nanoscale.Droplet trajectories in the electric field remain stable without significant deviation.The simulation results show that particle diameter decreases with increasing flow rate,with the trend leveling off around a flow rate of 1×10^(-3)kg/s.As the solvent ratio increases(with higher acetone content),particle diameter initially decreases,reaching a minimum around a ratio of 1.5∶1.0 before gradually increasing.Increasing the solid mass also reduces the particle diameter,with a linear increase in diameter observed at around 220 mg.Cu-en/AP composite microspheres with nanoscale dimensions were confirmed under these conditions by the final SEM images.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22005275)Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(STIP,No.2019L0584)+2 种基金Equipment Pre-research Weapons Industry Joint Fund(No.6141B012896)Equipment Pre-research Key Laboratory Fund(No.6142020305)the Advantage Disciplines Climbing Plan of Shanxi Province.
文摘Insensitive energetic materials are promising in the defense weapons field.However,energetic materials still suffer from great challenges and the concern about their safety limits their utilization.In this work,insensitive energetic explosive 3,30-diamino-4,40-azoxyfurazan/hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine(DAAF/RDX)microspheres were fabricated by self-assembly method.Rod-like DAAF/RDX was prepared by mechanical ball milling for comparison.DAAF/RDX composites with different mass ratios(90:10,80:20,and 70:30)were obtained.The morphologies and structures of as-obtained DAAF/RDX composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),powder x-ray diffraction(PXRD)and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The results showed that DAAF/RDX microspheres exhibited regular shaped microspheres with sizes from 0.5 to 1.2 mm.There was no crystal transition during the modification process.The thermal properties of as-obtained materials were then evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and materials studio software.DAAF/RDX microspheres showed an advanced decomposition peak temperature compared with rod-like DAAF/RDX.The binding energy and peak temperature values at zeroβ_(i)(T_(P0))of DAAF/RDX(90:10)increased by 36.77 kJ/mol,1.6℃,and 58.11 kJ/mol,12.3℃compared to DAAF/RDX(80:20)and DAAF/RDX(70:30),indicating the better thermal stability of DAAF/RDX(90:10).The characteristic drop height(H_(50))of DAAF/RDX(higher than 100 cm)composites was higher than that of raw RDX(25 cm),suggesting significant improvements in mechanical safety.The preparation of DAAF/RDX microspheres is promising for the desensitization of RDX and useful for the formation of other materials and future wide applications.
基金financially supported by a foundation item from the China People’s Liberation Army General Armaments Department。
文摘HNS-IV(Hexanitrostilbene-IV) is the main charge of the exploding foil initiators(EFI), and the microstructure of the HNS will directly affect its density, flowability, sensitivity, and stability. HNS microspheres were prepared using droplet microfluidics, and the particle size, morphology, specific surface area, thermal performance, and ignition threshold of the HNS microspheres were characterized and tested. The results shown that the prepared HNS microspheres have high sphericity, with an average particle size of 20.52 μm(coefficient of variation less than 0.2), and a specific surface area of 21.62 m^(2)/g(6.87 m^(2)/g higher than the raw material). Without changing the crystal structure and thermal stability of HNS-IV, this method significantly enhances the sensitivity of HNS-IV to short pulses and reduces the ignition threshold of the slapper detonator to below 1000 V. This will contribute to the miniaturization and low cost of EFI.
基金financial support of National Natural Science Fund of China(No. 51172282)Hebei Natural Science Fund of China (No. E2015506011)
文摘FeSiAl magnetically soft alloy hollow microspheres(MSAHMs) were prepared by self-reactive quenching technology based on Fe + Si + AI + KNO_3 reactive systems, in order to obtain absorbents with light weight, low frequency and high efficiency. Firstly, twice-balling adhesive precursor method was used to obtain FeSiAl magnetically soft alloy agglomerate powders. Then agglomerate powders with the mesh number of 150-240, 240-325 and 325-400 were sprayed through the flame field into the quenching water. At last, FeSiAl MSAHMs with coarse(average at 86.97 μm), medium(average at 52.16 μm) and fine particles(average at 31.80 μm) were got. Effect of particle size on the phases and microwave absorption properties in low frequency band was studied by XRD and vector network analyzer. The results show that,Fe_3 Si_(0.7)Al_(0.3) and Fe_3 Si_(0.5)Al_(0.5) appear in the phase components of FeSiAl MSAHMs,which is important to improve the microwave absorption properties in low frequency. In addition, the real part(ε′) and imaginary part(ε″) of complex permittivity, the real part(μ′) and imaginary part(μ″) of complex permeability of FeSiAl MSAHMs all present the trend of fine particles > medium particles > coarse particles. The microwave absorption properties in low frequency are improved with the increasing of particle size, and the absorption peak moves to lower frequency range. The properties of fine particles are the best. Their matching thickness of samples is at 5 mm, and the minimum reflectivity is-43 dB at this thickness. The absorption frequency band lower than-10 dB is 4.6-7.6 GHz with a bandwidth of 3 GHz.
基金Project(2017YFC1600306)supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(21505005)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2018JJ2424)supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProject(2019IC21)supported by the International Cooperative Project for“Double First-Class”,China。
文摘Excessive discharge of dye wastewater has brought serious harm to human health and the environment.In this paper,a magnetic absorbent,ferroferric oxide@β-cyclodextrin(Fe_(3)O_(4)@CD),was prepared for the efficient adsorption removal of basic fuchsin(BF)from dye wastewater,based on the special amphiphilicity ofβ-CD and the strong magnetism of Fe_(3)O_(4).A series of influence factors including the initial dye concentration,adsorbent dosage,temperature and pH were investigated,as well as the adsorption mechanism.The results show that Fe_(3)O_(4)@CD has the best adsorption and removal effect on BF dye at room temperature and neutral pH,when the initial concentration of dye is 25 mg/L and the adsorbent dosage is 100 mg.The adsorption behavior conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm,and the adsorption process is spontaneously endothermic.Fe_(3)O_(4)@CD adsorbed with BF dye can be rapidly separated under an external magnetic field and then easily regenerated by HCl treatment.After 5 times of recycling,the removal rate of the prepared magnetic composite on BF dye is kept above 75%.This work will provide an economic and eco-friendly technology for the treatment of the actual dye wastewater.
基金Project(GC201204)supported by the Open Fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for the Green Chemicals,China
文摘The magnetic gelatin-starch microspheres were prepared by modified emulsion cross-linking method with glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent. The structure, size distribution as well as morphology of magnetic microspheres were investigated by FT-IR spectrometer, dynamic laser scattering analyzer and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Bovine serum album(BSA)was chosen as model protein, and the adsorption processes were carried out under diversified conditions including BSA initial concentration, p H value, adsorption time and temperature to evaluate the performance of the magnetic microspheres. The average diameter of optimized spherical magnetic microspheres is 1.6 μm with excellent dispersivity, and the saturation magnetization is found to be equal to 1.056×10-2 A·m2. The adsorption isotherm of the BSA on the magnetic microspheres basically obeys the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 120 mg/g and an adsorption equilibrium constant of 1.60 mL/mg.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22005253)。
文摘Recently,an emerging category green of energetic material ammonium dinitramide(ADN)has exhibited promising application in propellants due to its outstanding merits in energy release and environmental friendliness.It can be considered to substitute traditional oxidizer of ammonium perchlorate(AP)in military systems and aerospace.In this paper,a novel spherical energetic composite ADN/copper alginate(CA)with a microporous structure was designed and prepared by the W/O gel emulsion method,and a desirable porous microsphere structure was obtained.Multiple characterization techniques were used to investigate the structure and properties of ADN/CA composites.The results showed that ADN crystals were homogeneously encapsulated in an alginate-gel matrix.Thermal decomposition temperature was reduced to 151.7℃compared to ADN,while the activation energy of them was reduced from 129.73 k J/mol(ADN)to 107.50 k J/mol(ADN/CA-4).In addition,as-prepared samples had lower impact and frictional sensitivity than ADN.The mechanism of sensitivity reduction and decomposition are also discussed.Constant-volume combustion tests show that peak pressure of the ADN/CA-4 achieves 253.4 k Pa and pressurization rate of 2750.4 k Pa/s.Hence,this has a promising application in improving the combustion performance and safety performance of solid propellants.
基金Projects(21306041,21271071)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(15A076)supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department of China
文摘ZnO/ZnGa_2O_4 composite microspheres with heterojunction were successfully synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal method.These samples were characterized by TG/DTA,XRD,TEM,HRTEM,UV-vis DRS,FL and BET techniques.The results indicated the as-prepared samples showed better degree of crystalline and large specific surface area.The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degradation of methyl orange with the concentration of 50 mg/L under the irradiation of simulated sunlight.The effects of molar ratio of Zn to Ga and calcination temperature on the photocatalytic activity were investigated in detail.The results showed that the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency was observed at the molar ratio of Zn to Ga of 1:0.5 in the starting materials and the calcination temperature of 400 °C.The maximum photocatalytic degradation rate of MO was 97.1% within 60 min under the simulated sunlight irradiation,which is greatly higher than that of ZnO and ZnGa_2O_4.
文摘Introduction The use of supercritical fluids such as supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>（scCO<sub>2</sub>） has provided a ’clean’ and effective alternative to traditional methods of protein delivery systems.Here。
基金Project(51202066)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NCET-13-0784)supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China。
文摘Hollow-structured Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) microspheres have been synthesized by a simple one-pot template-free hydrothermal method with copper sulfate,cobalt acetate and ammonia as raw materials.The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction,energy dispersive X-ray analysis,selected area electron diffraction,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and BET measurements.The research results show that the hollow Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) microspheres consist of single-crystalline nanocubes with the diameter of about 20 nm.The formation mechanism of hollow Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) microspheres is suggested as Ostwald ripening in a solid-solution-solid process,and Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) microspheres are mesoporous containing two pore sizes of 3.3 and 5.9 nm.The as-prepared Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) sensors have optimal gas responses to 50×10^(−6) mg/m^(3) C_(2)H_(5)OH at 190℃.
文摘The precursors with NiCO3·2Ni（OH）2·2H2O, Fe2O3·nH2O coated alumina microspheres were prepared by the aqueous heterogeneous precipitation using metal salts, ammonium bicarbonate and α-Al2O3 micropowders as the starting materials. Magnetic metal Ni, α-Fe coated alumina, core-shell structural microspheres were successfully obtained by thermal reduction of the precursors at 700℃ for 2h, respectively. Powders of the precursors and the resultant metal （Ni, α-Fe） coated alumina micropowders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that optimized precipitation parameters are concentration of alumina micropowders of 15g/L, rate of adding reactants of 5mL/min and pH value of 7.5. And under the optimized conditions, the spherical precursors without aggregations or agglomerations are obtained, then transferred into Ni, α-Fe coated alumina microspheres by thermal reduction. It is possible to adjust metal coating thicknesses and fabricate a multilayer structured metal/ceramics, core-shell microspherical powder materials.
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as a promising contender for next-gener-ation energy storage systems.Hard carbon is re-garded as the most promising anode for commer-cial SIB,however,the large number of defects on its surface cause irreversible electrolyte consump-tion and an uneven solid electrolyte interphase film.An advanced molecular engineering strategy to coat hard carbon with polycyclic aromatic mo-lecules is reported.Specifically,polystyrene-based carbon microspheres(CSs)were first synthesized and then coated with polycyclic aromatic mo-lecules derived from coal tar pitch by spray-drying and followed by oxidation.Compared to the traditional CVD coating meth-od,this molecular framework strategy has been shown to reduce the number of defects on the surface of CSs without sacrifi-cing internal storage sites and suppressing transport kinetics in hosting the sodium ions.Besides the lower surface defect con-centration,the synthesized hybrid carbon microspheres(HCSs)have a larger grain size and more abundant closed pores,and have a higher reversible sodium storage capacity.A HCS-P-60%electrode has a capacity of 332.3 mAh g^(-1)with an initial Cou-lombic efficiency of 88.5%.It also has a superior rate performance of 246.6 mAh g^(-1)at 2 C and a 95.2%capacity retention after 100 cycles at 0.2 C.This work offers new insights into designing high-performance hard carbon microsphere anodes,advan-cing the commercialization of sodium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.T2222027 and 12202416)。
文摘Aluminum(Al)powder is widely applied in thermobaric explosives due to its high energy density and favorable reaction kinetics.However,the inert oxide layer(Al_(2)O_(3))on Al particles limits combustion reactivity and energy efficiency.Fluoride-based surface modification has been developed as an effective approach to address this issue.Here,four classical fluoropolymers(F11,F14,PVDF,PTFE)are employed as coatings to prepare core-shell Al/Fluoropolymer.The combustion experimental results demonstrate that the core-shell Al/PTFE exhibits the highest flame propagation rate(52.88 mm·ms^(-1))and pressure output(109.02 k Pa)performance.Consequently,core-shell Al/PTFE is selected as a high-energy fuel to prepare RDX/Al/PTFE microspheres via the emulsion and solvent evaporation method,which can enhance the energy performance of RDX.The effects of the core-shell Al/PTFE ratio and RDX content on the combustion heat and pressure output are systematically investigated.The peak pressure reaches a maximum of 187.8 k Pa when the mass ratio of RDX,Al,and PTFE is 60:25:10.Additionally,RDX/Al/PTFE microspheres exhibit significantly higher laser-induced air shock velocities,detonation heat,and detonation pressure than those of pure RDX and RDX/Al.The mechanism underlying the enhanced reactivity and energetic performance is attributed to the ability of PTFE to etch the inert Al_(2)O_(3)shell on the surface of Al particles,thereby improving post-combustion reactions and significantly increasing the overall energy output of RDX explosives.This work offers a novel design strategy for high-energy structural thermobaric explosives for the practical applications.
文摘In the printing industry,the common method of coloring relies on inks,which contains amounts of chemical agents,causing environment pollution.However,structural color achieves coloration through the refraction and diffraction of light by periodic structure,offering eco-friendly and fade-resistant advantages,as well as colorful.In this study,screen printing was used to create patterned mask on paper substrates.Then,coated SiO_(2)microspheres on the mask to create structural color patterns with angle-dependent color characteristics.The patterns showed color changes from rose-red to orange to green by changing the viewing angle.By changing the color grayscale,the absorption of stray light by the substrate was enhanced,thereby the brightness and saturation of the structural color improved too.This method is simple,cost-effective,and environmentally friendly,and it has highly promising for the application in printing and anti-counterfeiting.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.T2222027,12202416 and 12272359).
文摘Metal(aluminum and boron)based energetic materials have been wildly applied in various fields including aerospace,explosives and micro-devices due to their high energy density.Unfortunately,the low combustion efficiency and reactivity of metal fuels,especially boron(B),severely limit their practical applications.Herein,multi-component 3D microspheres of HMX/B/Al/PTFE(HBA)have been designed and successfully prepared by emulsion and solvent evaporation method to achieve superior energy and combustion reactivity.The reactivity and energy output of HBA are systematically measured by ignitionburning test,constant-volume explosion vessel system and bomb calorimetry.Due to the increased interfacial contact and reaction area,HBA shows higher flame propagation rate,faster pressurization rate and larger combustion heat of 29.95 cm/s,1077 kPa/s,and 6164.43 J/g,which is 1.5 times,3.5 times,and 1.03 times of the physical mixed counterpart(HBA-P).Meanwhile,HBA also shows enhanced energy output and reactivity than 3D microspheres of HMX/B/PTFE(HB)resulting from the high reactivity of Al.The reaction mechanism of 3D microspheres is comprehensively investigated through combustion emission spectral and thermal analysis(TG-DSC-MS).The superior reactivity and energy of HBA originate from the surface etching of fluorine to the inert shell(Al_(2)O_(3) and B_(2)O_(3))and the initiation effect of Al to B.This work offers a promising approach to design and prepare high-performance energetic materials for the practical applications.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10474024)NSFC-RGC Joint Research Scheme(No.60318002)+1 种基金Youth Chenguang Project of Science and Technology of Wuhan City of China(No.20065004116-10)StateKey Lab.of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing(Wuhan University of Technology,No.WUT2004 M08)
文摘The preparation process of electrically conductive filler for anisotropic conductive adhesive was performed and discussed.The spherical filler contains tri-layer structures: resin core,Ni-P intermediate coating layer,Au outer coating layer.The 4 μm resin spherical cores were synthesized by monodispersion polymerization method.Then they were contributed to electrical conductivity by electrolessly plating Ni-P layer and gold layer.These particles have good corrosion resistance,high stability,and enough mechanical strength.When mixed with thermosetting epoxy resin to produce anisotropic conductive adhesive(ACA),it can realize a good conductive bonding between bumps on dies and pads on substrates.This environmentally friendly conductive material offers numerous advantages over conventional solder technology and is an ideal substitute for the lead-contained solder in electronics packaging.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.29906011)
文摘Microcapsules (or microspheres) with small size and narrow size distribution have potential applications as carriers of proteins and polypeptides. However the conventional preparation methods severely limit their real applications. Membrane emulsification technology may become a new preparation method of microcapsules with monodisperse droplets, mild conditions, good stability, low energy consumption and easy to realize mass production. In this paper, studies on membrane emulsification systems and the possible existing problems are summarized, and primary attempts on preparing alginate/chitosan microcapsules are conducted.
基金Project(50872086)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012021006-3)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China+1 种基金Project(2012L022)supported by the Special/Youth Foundation of Taiyuan University of Technology,ChinaProject(120238)supported by the Science and Technology Department of Taiyuan,China
文摘Nickel oxide(NiO)microsphere with a large surface area was novelly synthesized through nickel bicarbonate(Ni(HCO3)2)precursor.The obtained nickel oxide(NiO)microsphere was characterized by X-ray pattern diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,CO2 temperature-programmed desorption,H2 temperature-programmed reduction,N2 adsorption/desorption and laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer.It was found that nickel oxide(NiO)synthesized by the thermal decomposition of Ni(HCO3)2through area hydrolysis,presented very nice microsphere with high surface area.The catalytic properties of obtained nickel oxide(NiO)microsphere were studied in the reaction of carbon dioxide reforming of methane where 91.3% conversion of CH4 with 93% conversion of CO2 was observed.Besides,the catalyst maintained high stability over 200 h on the stream.
